What is the biggest difference between manual workshop production and factory production? (preferably in a book)

The biggest difference between manual workshop production and factory production is (1) production tools (2) technical requirements for workers (3) product uniformity (3) production capacity (5) output per unit time (production efficiency). Details are as follows:

1- manual workshops: organize a certain number of manual workshops to carry out large-scale product production with relatively uniform production standards. Although the manual workshop belongs to the organizational form of feudal production relations, the workshop owner owns the means of production (factory buildings and raw materials) and is an independent small-scale production unit with himself and a small number of helpers/apprentices as producers. The manual factory is already a capitalist production organization form, which is essentially different from the manual workshop. However, handicraft factories still can't get rid of the dependence of workshop-style production on skilled workers. The technical level of workers and the number of skilled workers directly determine the product quality, production efficiency and production capacity. Of course, the technical content of complex handmade products (such as embroidery) is much higher than that of mechanized products, and machinery cannot simulate such products (programming is too difficult), which is the advantage of handicraft workshops.

2- Mechanical chemical plant: a capitalist industrial production organization form that uses mechanized labor (machines) instead of manual labor. The factory adopts mechanized mass production, and the newcomers can take up their posts with a little training, which greatly reduces the technical requirements for workers, basically gets rid of the dependence on skilled technicians and greatly improves the production efficiency. It can be said that the production capacity of a factory basically depends on the number of workers and machines. Moreover, the durable production capacity of machines is much stronger than that of workers, so in mass production tasks, factories can produce continuously, which has a rolling advantage over manual workshops that must produce according to workers' schedules. In addition, the products produced by mechanization were once very high and the error rate was small, which is another advantage for production tasks with low technical requirements.

To sum up, the biggest difference between manual workshops and mechanical chemical plants in production actually comes from the difference between manpower and machine production. Due to the development of productivity, mechanical chemical plants with high quality and high yield will inevitably replace the original dominant position of manual workshops. However, in the field of complex handmade products and high-end consumer goods, manual workshops are irreplaceable leaders.