Where is the career development direction of IT industry?

1. Job classification in the IT industry:

Jobs in the IT industry can be roughly divided into R&D, marketing, technical support, production and management. When you go to the job fair, you can ask the interviewer according to this classification: Is your job a R&D job or a production job? Maybe some interviewers in small companies will be puzzled by you. Daniel of PM Circle Network asked HR before interviewing the interviewer.

1. R&D positions

include software R&D and hardware R&D. In general, software R&D is basically the designer and manufacturer of products, while hardware R&D can only be considered as the designer. Because there are still production links behind. Usually R&D positions include RD, QA, configuration manager, architect, team leader, project manager, R&D assistant, etc., which are all positions in the research section. Department managers are generally not included, and department managers are in charge of people, which should be regarded as management positions. However, some small companies, department managers and project managers, and even architects, are indistinguishable, so they need specific analysis. The word RD is particular, that is, design and implementation. It has two meanings. Design is to decide how to do something, and implementation is to make it. At the beginning, we may all do implementation first, and then slowly go to design, module design, system design, etc. If we do well, we will gradually specialize in design later, and we will be architects. Software personnel generally don't know RD, and designers are usually implementers, because basically after the program is knocked out, the product will come out. Hardware personnel are different, usually designers and QA of the first round of white-box testing. When the products developed by Chengdu APP are tested stably and finalized, they can be handed over to the pilot department for product testing, and finally the Chengdu website will be put into online patch production. QA is generally subdivided into software testing and product pilot testing. Large and medium-sized enterprises such as Huawei and Maipu, which mainly produce hardware products, all have their own pilot testing departments. Simply put, the pilot testing department is specialized in testing hardware, such as various electrostatic tests, temperature tests, drop tests and vibration tests, to prepare for the final launch of products. Software research and development usually has a very important role, that is, the configuration administrator. Generally, small websites in Chengdu do not have this role, and the responsible testers are concurrently responsible. Large companies will set up this role specially, and this role also has the function of keeping business secrets. Products developed by software personnel are generally called beta on their own machines, and only when they are submitted to version management systems such as CVS or SVN are they called products. The testing department does not take the software from the software personnel for testing, but the configuration administrator compiles the software products from the source code into executable files on the central server, generates installation packages, and then sends them to the testing department. After the testing department finishes testing, it returns the test report, and the company leaders sign it, and then the software products are delivered, which is the configuration administrator. In a big company, once the software is put into test, if RD finds a bug, the small company may change it without saying hello, which is not obvious in the project control process. But in a big company, it is necessary to issue a document stating that the previous version is invalid, and then re-issue the test application and re-submit the code to go through the process, which will be recorded in the project process, and the invalid version will be the basis for salary deduction in the future. Therefore, programmers in large companies are generally rigorous and cautious in release testing, which is afraid of such bugs. This disadvantage is that they are not sensitive enough to the market. Maybe a customer submits a bug, and the RD change takes only a few minutes, but the process takes a day or two, but the advantage is that the product quality is guaranteed, everyone's work results are recorded, which is convenient for management and it is almost impossible for the program to leak. Many foreign programmers, who may have worked in a company all their lives, have never seen the computer they serve. RD works in the terminal, tests it locally and submits it to the central server, and the configuration administrator is responsible for the final compilation and submission.

2. Market jobs

This is probably the most. At a low level, the computer city's monologue is the market. At a high level, the regional presidents of Huawei and Cisco are actually market roles. According to personal experience, the market is divided into Sales and Marketing. The former is a simple customer transaction service provider, that is, customers prepare to buy, complete the trading procedures, and assist in delivery. The telemarketing girl over at Dell is about this role. Because Dell is customized, they still need to place orders. The latter is a higher-level salesperson, who can guide the market, guide customers and facilitate transactions. Generally speaking, the SEO market in Chengdu is actually a technical activity. Few friends are geniuses, and they can do Marketing when they come up. They all start with Sales and practice slowly. This process may be more difficult than a programmer walking to an architect. Many Salespeople can't do Marketing all their lives. If you don't believe it, go to the mall to see salespeople and bus conductors, all of them are sales. We often say that there are heroes in every industry. In fact, in the market, Marketing is a hero. Generally speaking, when you get to this point, you can stand at the peak of this industry, go out to give lectures, get the highest commission, enjoy the thrill of headhunting and poaching, and so on. However, it is very difficult. Please pay attention to a sentence, "In this world, 99% of salespeople don't know what they are doing, and that's the problem", and that 1% is Marketing. Usually, Chengdu web designers and developers look down on marketers, and always think that the other party is bluffing, but the marketers of Chengdu Internet Company also look down on developers, and always think that these nerds don't create value. Hehe, don't be angry. Most companies regard R&D units as the largest cost unit, and only spend money and don't create value. Although we design products, this part of the company is worthless financially, and the product value is not reflected until it is sold. Therefore, financially, the R&D department is always in deficit. In fact, we R&D personnel should respect the truly powerful marketing personnel. You know, it's actually relatively easy for a R&D personnel to become famous and married. Any professional direction, overcoming a difficult point, producing a few papers and a product, this R&D personnel can be arrogant in the company. At least 2%~3% of a research institute are such arrogant people. However, if the market can be marketed, as I said before, 1% may not be enough. Do you think these people are elites?

3. Technical support for technical support posts. In a nutshell, the technicians in the computer city are also technical support personnel, who are usually part-time lecturers, and the lecturers are usually part-time college students, hehe. Further up, customers deliver goods, unpack the package-technology, networking-technology, debugging network-technology. I hope you don't take it amiss. The network administrator is actually technical support. In Huawei and Maipu, technical support is a special profession, and it is responsible for delivering goods to customers. Because they have a lot of things to do with router installation and configuration, and the telecommunications bureau is a big cow, people will not take care of this matter, and manufacturers will come to solve it. By the way, the telecommunications bureau guards the computer room, which is also technical support. Originally, I didn't have this job, so I had to have a part-time R&D staff, because it was a technical job after all. However, after a long time, the R&D staff quit, and they went on business trips every day, and the boss also quit, because the salary of R&D staff was high. In everyone's opinion, it is not complicated to connect and configure several IP addresses. If R&D staff are used, the cost is too high. Well, in this way, a unique career and technical support is defined in IT enterprises. Many young friends want to enter the IT industry, have no capital, will not be bosses, and can't get into the doors of some large companies. The general choice is to start with technical support in the computer city. At present, many system integration companies define the project manager differently from the project manager of R&D units. In fact, they are also technical support. These companies are generally dealers, not manufacturers, and they don't have their own products. Generally speaking, the word channel refers to these companies. The main job of the technical support staff of these companies is to see which products I represent, which products have high profits, how can I report the solutions to customers, design the products with high profits, and so on. In fact, there is also design work, but obviously, this part of the design work and the design of the previous R&D architect are two levels. Of course, there are two special cases here. One is that many small and medium-sized architects who do network applications also have this design part. These enterprises are generally project-based and do not have their own products, and each order must be customized and developed. This kind of design is similar to the previous system integration design, because many projects include equipment procurement and so on. Another special case is system integration design, which is usually the activity of Marketing, because since IBM put forward the concept of selling services, turnkey project has become the mainstream, and everyone says that they are solution providers. Therefore, Marketing usually collects requirements, uses the products of our company or agents to form solutions and provide them to customers in an integrated way. Therefore, generally speaking, from the way of career development and technical support, you can also go to Marketing. Generally, Marketing has two production channels, Servicer technical support, or Sales sales. Of course, we can also see the shortcomings of Chengdu's web page production technical support profession, because Marketing is mainly about sales after all, so sales ability is dominant. Because technical support personnel have been dealing with machines for a long time, I am afraid that they are mostly machines and have poor sales ability. Therefore, less technical support can be converted into Marketing. Of course, there are also technical support personnel who turn back to do research and development, but there are very few.

4. Generally speaking, management itself is abstract, not the management of IT industry, not only produced from IT industry, but also not only in charge of IT industry. Guo Shina, the president of IBM, is not a hero born in IT industry, and there are too many examples. They have a unified name-professional manager. Generally speaking, the above jobs can eventually grow into management. However, management is also the most difficult. First, people are the most complicated, and they are not as easy to deal with as machines. Second, management depends on luck. Simply saying that the level is not good, you have to be valued by the boss, right? Therefore, if R&D, sales and technology want to become management, the success rate is generally not higher than 1%. If you don't believe it, count the ratio of managers and ordinary employees in your Chengdu website production company, or the ratio of teachers and students in the school. Although this is not accurate, it can basically explain a problem. 5. Production jobs are actually available in all companies, but most bosses don't admit it, and employees don't want to admit it. Large companies, such as Huawei, Maipu, Intel, etc., mainly produce hardware products, and basically have production departments. Remember, this production department is very important, and production, warehousing and logistics are basically in this area. Don't underestimate production. At present, workers on the production line basically need college education and training because they want to open mounters or something. Some students who are particularly difficult to find jobs at present may wish to consider the production positions of such large enterprises. Large-scale manufacturing industries, such as Midea, Haier, Chengdu website production company, etc., many of their management are from production lines, and the production lines are not all workers' posts. Many production technicians and tooling designers need to design this job. If a person with a higher education enters this department, it is actually easy to get ahead as long as he is willing to work hard. After all, the competitors around him are too low. Hehe, it is much easier than the research institute. 6. There are too many other jobs. The boss belongs to others, and entrepreneurship belongs to others. Since this part is not universal, I won't say much. Administrative personnel at all levels, such as finance, secretaries and website construction of Chengdu enterprises, are all other things.

2. Specific positions at all levels in general software enterprises

1. Junior positions in software enterprises

1. Sales staff

Job description: Contact customers by telephone, on-site visits, etc.

Skills needed to find sales opportunities: hard-working, conscientious and responsible, strong communication and expression skills, self-motivation requires certain target customers' industry knowledge and basic knowledge of software

Gains: industry business opportunity information analysis ability, customer communication skills, business management experience, high-level public relations, resource coordination ability

2) Implementation engineer (after-sales engineer)

Job content: Understand customer business processes and all kinds of. Data entry, software installation, debugging and deployment,

secondary development, and training customers to use the software

Required abilities: down-to-earth, conscientious and responsible, good at listening and analyzing, strong logical thinking ability,

certain industry knowledge, software programming ability (secondary development)

Harvest: detailed experience and communication analysis of the operation management mode of the customer's industry, Guide customers, comfort and functional applicability of software to customers

3) Customer service

Job content: Providing technical consultation and complaint handling to customers is an important position for enterprises to improve customer satisfaction. Comprehensively analyze and summarize the main problems of software use in order to provide first-hand information for the software maturity improvement plan

. Ability: optimism, enthusiasm, initiative, Have a sense of service, learning ability, strong communication skills,

very skilled in software use, proficient in various functions and details

Gain: for the refinement of software use and customer use, Systematic understanding can make you an excellent communication and open management talent

4) Test engineer

Job description: Conduct a comprehensive test of software code, compile the power library of automatic test software, and optimize the code. Suggest the skills that Chengdu Website Construction Company

needs: be careful, patient and practical, master software language and tools very comprehensively, have strong documentation skills, and have rich programming experience

Gain: Cost control of software development, familiarity with all kinds of software programming skills, rich experience, and overall view of software programming

5) Programmer

Job description: Compile software according to detailed specifications and programming specifications, data formats and * * * using building libraries to realize functional adjustment of codes and primary tests, communicate with team members and project managers in time to discuss solutions, and

determine the steps and methods to solve problems. Ability to complete the code with good quality and quantity

: Proficiency in programming languages required by the company, mastery of relevant knowledge, such as network protocols, proficiency in using various programming tools, code management tools, modeling tools and other excellent communication skills, problem-solving skills and strong logical thinking skills. A comprehensive system with thinking mode

2. Intermediate positions in software enterprises

1) Regional sales manager 2) Pre-sales engineer 3) Pre-sales consultant 4) Requirements analysis and preliminary architect 5) Implementation project manager 6) Architecture and logic test 7) Release manager 8) Designer 9) Software expert 1) Software development project manager 11) System architect 12) Technology.