Improve the quality of safety pre-evaluation of construction projects?

According to the working practice of labor safety pre-evaluation of construction projects, the main problems existing in safety pre-evaluation are analyzed. This paper introduces the main problems existing in safety pre-evaluation, introduces the beneficial exploration and successful experience of capital university of economics and business Labor Safety and Health Evaluation Center in safety pre-evaluation, and puts forward some suggestions for further improving the quality of safety pre-evaluation, so as to find an effective way to continuously improve the quality of safety pre-evaluation.

1, preface

The pre-evaluation of labor safety of construction project is based on the contents of the feasibility study report of construction project (engineering feasibility study report), using scientific evaluation methods, and according to laws, regulations and standards, analyzing and predicting the types and degrees of possible dangerous and harmful factors in this project, and putting forward scientific, reasonable and feasible labor safety countermeasures and suggestions, which will serve as the main basis for labor safety design and management in the preliminary design of this construction project and as a reference for the comprehensive supervision and management department of national safety production.

The pre-evaluation of labor safety of construction projects is an important content in the "three simultaneities" work, which is of great significance for realizing the safety of construction projects from the design and improving the scientific safety management of construction units and comprehensive safety production management departments. Safety pre-evaluation is a very serious work, and scientificity and fairness are the basic requirements of safety pre-evaluation, and also the basic norms that evaluation institutions and employees should follow. On this basis, efforts to continuously improve the quality of safety pre-assessment are the goal that safety pre-assessment practitioners should pursue and the fundamental way for the healthy development of safety pre-assessment. Combined with the work practice of labor safety pre-evaluation of construction projects, this paper analyzes the main problems existing in safety pre-evaluation, introduces our unit's beneficial attempts in safety pre-evaluation, puts forward suggestions for further improving the quality of safety pre-evaluation, and explores effective ways to continuously improve the quality of safety pre-evaluation.

2. Main problems existing in safety pre-evaluation.

The pre-evaluation of labor safety in China has played an important role in effective production safety management, guiding hazard monitoring and accident prevention, reducing accident rate and improving safety investment benefit. However, due to the lack of mature experience and other reasons, there are still many problems in this work, which makes it not give full play to its potential. To sum up, the main problems existing in safety pre-assessment are as follows.

2. 1 Improper citation of laws, regulations and standards. The safety pre-evaluation mainly analyzes and predicts the types and severity of possible dangerous and harmful factors in the project according to laws, regulations and standards. Improper citation of laws, regulations and standards mainly refers to two aspects: one is that the scope of application of laws, regulations and standards is unclear, and the other is that outdated laws, regulations and standards are cited.

2.2 It is a means and tool to analyze and evaluate the risk and harmfulness of the system to master the evaluation method inaccurately and choose an inappropriate safety pre-evaluation method. According to the Safety Pre-assessment Guidelines issued by state administration of work safety on May 2, 20031,there are dozens of safety pre-assessment methods in three categories.

(1) The safety evaluation methods of accident causes include: expert on-site inquiry, observation, hazard and operability research, fault type and impact analysis, fault tree analysis, event tree analysis, safety checklist method, factor diagram analysis, accident initiation and development analysis, accident sequence evaluation, multi-series fault analysis, double comparison method, task analysis and causal (fishbone) diagram analysis.

(2) The safety assessment methods that can provide risk classification include: hazard and operability study, fault type and impact analysis, fault tree analysis, logical tree analysis, risk matrix evaluation, safety evaluation, risk tolerance evaluation, Dow Chemical Company fire and explosion risk index evaluation, Mond fire and explosion and toxicity index evaluation, Japanese Ministry of Labor six-stage evaluation, chemical process risk quantitative evaluation in the former Soviet Union, fuzzy matrix evaluation, direct numerical estimation method, Human cognitive reliability analysis method, China chemical plant risk classification method, China metallurgical plant risk classification method, China smelter risk classification method, major hazard identification method, working condition risk evaluation method (Graham-Kinney method), "safety checklist-risk index evaluation-system safety analysis" evaluation method, and statistical chart analysis method.

(3) The safety evaluation methods that can provide accident consequences include: failure type and impact analysis, fault tree analysis, logical tree analysis, probability theory analysis, Markov model analysis, Dow Chemical Company fire and explosion risk index evaluation method, Mond fire and explosion toxicity index evaluation method, Japanese Ministry of Labor six-stage evaluation method, former Soviet Union chemical process risk quantitative evaluation method, fuzzy matrix method, success possibility index method, Safeti evaluation method, Evaluation method of major inflammable and explosive toxic hazards, evaluation method of "safety checklist-risk index evaluation-system safety analysis", statistical chart analysis method, mine engineering safety evaluation method, tailing pond matrix evaluation method, liquid leakage model, gas leakage model, adiabatic diffusion model, pool fire flame and radiation intensity evaluation model, fireball explosion injury model, explosion shock wave overpressure injury model, steam cloud explosion overpressure injury model, poison leakage diffusion model and boiler explosion injury model.

The problems encountered in safety pre-evaluation methods are: on the one hand, evaluation methods that are not suitable for evaluation objects are often selected; On the other hand, because it is difficult for evaluators to accurately understand and master each evaluation method, even if appropriate methods are selected, it is difficult to effectively use these methods and make a scientific and accurate evaluation.

2.3 The evaluation is not targeted. Generally speaking, the method of safety pre-assessment is universal and the preparation of safety pre-assessment report is standardized. However, the object of safety pre-assessment varies from project to project, and each project has its own particularity, even for projects of the same industry and type. Therefore, safety pre-assessment must be highly targeted. When reviewing the safety pre-evaluation reports of some units, it is often found that the safety pre-evaluation reports of the same type of projects are similar and copied from each other. Too much talk about commonness, too little talk about individuality, and even turn a blind eye to individual differences, which leads to the lack of pertinence and guidance in safety pre-evaluation.

2.4 The quality of evaluators needs to be improved. The quality of evaluators is mainly reflected in the following three aspects:

(1) theoretical literacy. Safety science is an interdisciplinary and comprehensive interdisciplinary science that studies the relationship among people, technology and environment, establishes a balanced and common ecology among them, and achieves the purpose of protecting the physical and mental safety of workers and improving labor production efficiency. Therefore, to do a good job of safety pre-evaluation, the evaluator must have a high theoretical literacy of safety philosophy, safety science, safety technology and safety engineering technology.

(2) Practical experience. Safety science and technology is a very practical subject. Evaluators must often go deep into production practice, understand the production process, learn from front-line workers and safety technicians with an open mind, constantly enrich practical experience and continuously improve the quality of safety pre-evaluation.

(3) professionalism. The scientific attitude, the principle of justice, the spirit of hardship and the love for the cause of safety production are the specific requirements and manifestations of the professional quality of safety evaluators.

The quality of some evaluators is low, so it is difficult to undertake the important task of safety pre-evaluation, and the quality of these personnel needs to be improved urgently.

2.5 The pre-evaluation of unfair competition safety in the evaluation shall be undertaken by the intermediary agencies with the national qualification and the national qualification of safety production technical services, and the relevant state departments have also stipulated the charging standards for safety pre-evaluation. However, in order to occupy the market, some evaluation agencies adopted unfair competition means such as price reduction, which led to the decline of evaluation quality and disrupted the safety evaluation market.

2.6 In the practice of evaluating fraud, some safety pre-evaluation institutions are irresponsible and issue relevant certificates and reports at will, and some even collude with the entrusting unit to intentionally issue false certificates and reports. If a chemical group wants to invest in the construction of a factory producing highly toxic phosphide, it will entrust a safety evaluation center to conduct a safety pre-evaluation of its project. The appraisers found several problems that could not guarantee safety during the project inspection, but the person in charge of the preparation project lured each other with interests, improved the evaluation reward, and instructed to issue false certificates. The safety evaluation center knew that there was something wrong with the project, but did not want to lose this opportunity, so it issued a safety pre-evaluation report that met the requirements of the preparatory project according to the meaning of the group company. These illegal acts pose a direct threat to safety in production. This kind of immoral behavior should be solved by strengthening the strict management of safety evaluation intermediaries by the competent national departments.

3. Practice of improving the quality of safety pre-evaluation.

Established in 1999, capital university of economics and business labor safety and health evaluation center is the first batch of pre-evaluation institutions with national qualifications. The center adheres to the purpose of "serving the government, enterprises and society", regards quality as life, and constantly explores ways and methods to improve the quality of safety pre-assessment in practice. Through several years' exploration and efforts, a set of quality assurance system and mechanism of safety pre-evaluation has been summarized, and dozens of safety pre-evaluation projects have been completed, which has won praise and praise from all walks of life for its high-quality evaluation and perfect and thoughtful service. To sum up, successful practices mainly include the following aspects.

3. 1 Strengthening study and research In order to continuously improve the theoretical level and professional quality of appraisers, the labor safety and health evaluation center adopts the forms of self-study, collective study, participation in various training courses, and hiring external experts to give reports to study and study laws and regulations, basic safety theories, safety evaluation theories and methods, etc. Through regular and institutionalized learning, the level of evaluators will be continuously improved.

3.2 Regular exchange and discussion on safety pre-evaluation is an organized collective activity, and regular exchange and discussion by evaluators is very important to improve the evaluation quality. The evaluation center takes the form of academic rotation, organizes the exchange and discussion of safety pre-evaluation once a month, conducts a special summary of safety evaluation quality once every six months, and holds a two-day safety evaluation summary meeting at the end of each year.

3.3 The establishment of the project leader recruitment system, the project leader plays a key role in the quality of the project. In order to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of evaluators and make the determination of project leaders more open, fair and just, the evaluation center has established a recruitment system for project leaders, and publicly recruited project leaders in some projects, which has achieved good results.

3.4 Develop the market with reputation and quality. In recent years, the evaluation center strives for survival by reputation and development by quality. In the process of evaluation, no matter what problems are encountered, people always put reputation and quality first. Some evaluation projects are relatively small and the cost is very small, so the evaluation center will not accept such small projects, let alone lower the evaluation standards; For some evaluation projects, the evaluation center hired some external experts to participate in the evaluation of the projects, which improved the evaluation quality; For all projects, in-depth on-site investigation, never let go of an unclear and questionable question. For some projects, we must go to the site many times to understand the situation and find problems, so as to ensure the pertinence and practicability of the evaluation; In the preparation of evaluation report, after the first draft comes out, it usually takes two or three discussions and two levels of audit to finalize it. It is the guarantee of reputation and quality that keeps the market of evaluation center open: in recent years, the number of predicted evaluation projects has increased at a rate of 30% every year, and many projects are entrusted by users to the evaluation center for evaluation.

3.5 Establishing a quality assurance mechanism and establishing a long-term quality assurance mechanism is the fundamental way to ensure the quality of safety pre-evaluation. A lot of work has been done for this purpose, a special quality control room has been set up, and a quality manual has been established. The version of the quality manual is updated roughly once a year. This provides a system and mechanism guarantee for the control and continuous improvement of evaluation quality. In the quality manual, the content of safety pre-evaluation quality assurance mainly includes the following aspects.

3.5. 1 organization and responsibilities corresponding organizations have been established, and the responsibility for evaluating quality has been clearly assigned to specific responsible persons, which provides organizational guarantee for the continuous improvement of evaluation quality. The main responsible persons involved and their quality responsibilities are:

(1) Responsibilities of the director of the center, responsible for establishing, perfecting and implementing the quality management system of the evaluation center and organizing management review;

(2) The responsibilities of the deputy technical director, responsible for the internal quality system audit, etc.

(3) Responsibility of the director of the quality room, responsible for the supervision, inspection and guarantee of the quality-related work of project evaluation;

(4) The responsibility of the project team leader is responsible for evaluating the planning of the project, ensuring the quality of the whole process of the project, and taking the main technical and quality responsibilities for the projects undertaken;

(5) The deputy director of the quality room is responsible for the quality of the evaluation part.

3.5.2 The quality assurance system has formulated the 14 working procedure and established a strict quality assurance system. The 14 working procedures are: evaluation work quality assurance procedure, contract review procedure, evaluation process quality assurance procedure, pre-evaluation outline, report management procedure, inspection work operation procedure, inspection work quality assurance procedure, instrument and equipment quality assurance procedure, tracking service procedure, quality complaint, quality accident handling procedure, document management procedure, document approval and revision procedure, document lending procedure, internal audit procedure and management review procedure.

3.5.3 Quality Management Establish a quality management system and system to ensure the continuous improvement of safety pre-evaluation quality. The main quality management systems and regulations include: document management, regular business training, business exchange education system, evaluation and testing personnel training, assessment management, personnel ability evaluation management, trainee evaluation personnel quality regulations, confidentiality management, quality complaint handling management, etc.

4. Suggestions on further improving the quality of safety pre-evaluation.

In order to further improve the quality of safety pre-evaluation and better serve China's safety production, the author puts forward the following suggestions:

(1) Strengthen the research on the theory and method of safety pre-evaluation.

Safety pre-evaluation is a comprehensive research work combining theory with practice, which must be based on rich theoretical knowledge, methods and means. At present, people's theoretical knowledge and methods can not meet the actual needs of safety pre-evaluation.

(2) Learn from the advanced experience and practices of foreign safety pre-assessment.

The safety evaluation work abroad started earlier, so special attention should be paid to introducing, digesting and learning from the successful experiences and practices of western developed countries in this regard.

(3) Strengthen the construction of internal management system of evaluation institutions.

Strict and standardized internal management system is the fundamental guarantee for evaluation institutions to continuously improve the quality of safety pre-evaluation. Each evaluation institution should establish an internal management mechanism to continuously improve the quality of safety pre-evaluation.

(4) Strengthen the horizontal communication and cooperation between evaluation institutions.

On the basis of voluntary principle, when conditions are ripe, we can establish a mass joint organization of safety evaluation institutions, formulate some industry self-discipline norms, and hold some academic and experience exchange meetings on safety pre-evaluation to exchange needed goods and promote each other, so as to greatly improve the overall level of safety pre-evaluation in China.

(5) Strengthen the government's supervision of safety pre-assessment.

The safety production supervision and management department may regularly or irregularly inspect the safety pre-evaluation institutions, and review the quantity, quality, cost and internal management of their safety pre-evaluation projects; You can visit the safety pre-evaluation unit regularly or irregularly to solicit their opinions on the safety pre-evaluation institution; Establish and improve the complaint channels of safety pre-evaluation, establish the quality reputation files of safety pre-evaluation institutions, and announce them to the public regularly. This can further standardize the market behavior of safety pre-evaluation, and gradually establish a set of safety pre-evaluation supervision mode and market behavior norms suitable for China's national conditions.

(6) Improve the enterprise's understanding of safety pre-evaluation.

Enterprises should realize that safety pre-evaluation is an important means to ensure safe production, not a restriction or burden on enterprises. Enterprises should not only cooperate with the evaluation agencies to evaluate their safety, but also keep in touch with the evaluation agencies regularly to jointly solve the safety problems faced in production. Only the active cooperation of enterprises can further improve the quality of safety pre-assessment and give full play to the role and effect of safety pre-assessment.

label

Safety pre-evaluation is of great significance for implementing the policy of "safety first, prevention first", providing scientific basis for the preliminary design of construction projects and improving the intrinsic safety of construction projects. Although the safety pre-assessment work in China has not been carried out for a long time, it has made great achievements, and there are still many problems, which make the quality of safety pre-assessment unsatisfactory.

The author summarizes some practices of capital university of economics and business Labor Safety and Health Evaluation Center in improving the quality of safety pre-evaluation, and puts forward effective ways to continuously improve the quality of safety pre-evaluation. He is willing to communicate and discuss with colleagues in safety pre-evaluation institutions, jointly improve the quality of safety pre-evaluation in China and make greater contributions to China's safety production and national economic construction.

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