Mi -24 helicopter service incident

Mi -24 is probably the most experienced combat aircraft in the world. It has experienced more than 30 wars in more than 20 years: Mi -24 often attacks with two, four or even eight planes, and adopts the tactics of multi-aircraft coordinated attack. "Wheel Tactics" is named after the tactics of the same name used by the Il -2 attack aircraft in World War II, also known as "the wheel of death". Several planes circled around the target and kept shooting at it while circling. "Assembly Line Tactics" is another multi-machine tactic, in which several planes enter by echelon and turn to the target in turn to attack. "Chrysanthemum Tactics" means that many planes dive from different directions at a small interval, and then pull up sharply near the center of the circle to make way for friendly planes.

When multiple aircrafts cooperate to attack, the high-altitude cluster acts as a cover and the low-altitude cluster acts as an attack. In order to confuse the ground air defense firepower, sometimes two planes fly opposite each other and maneuver at close range, just like aerobatics in an air show, which makes the tracked air defense firepower at a loss and lose its target. The distance between two planes in the air should be kept at 1, 200- 1, 500m, which is not only convenient for communication and response, but also ensures a certain maneuvering space, and also prevents the possibility of intensive anti-aircraft fire hitting two planes at the same time.

Due to the hot plateau conditions, the Mi -24 in Afghanistan generally has the problem of insufficient engine power, but the battlefield distance is generally close, so Mi -24 often has less fuel when taking off, usually only 2/3 of the fuel is added, and the ammunition is only enough for one attack mission. Only 16% of the voyages took off with full load, and these voyages are basically very close.

The actual combat experience in Afghanistan is very valuable. When Tishchenko, the chief designer, visited the Afghan frontline troops, Major Cariteau Novo, the ace pilot, performed an almost vertical climb, a quick sideslip and a roll that was said to be theoretically impossible for him. Tishuchenko was surprised: "I thought I knew best what my helicopter could do, but now I'm not sure." Miri Design Bureau quickly made some timely improvements based on the actual combat experience in Afghanistan. The engine fuel control system has been adjusted to adapt to the hot plateau conditions. The dust-proof vortex separator is added to the intake of the engine, which can remove 70-75% of sand and reduce the loss of compressor blades by 2.5-3 times. The temperature limit of turbine overheating protection has also increased.

Mi -24 undertakes 33% of the "planned" attack mission in Afghanistan, but 75% of the close fire support mission. The main weapons of Mi -24 are cluster bombs, high-explosive bombs and rockets. Guerrillas have no tanks, but anti-tank missiles are also used to attack high-value targets. Afghans have always been martial, and there are many ancient fortresses. Many of them are built on cliffs, which are easy to defend but difficult to attack. The earth wall can be as thick as 3 meters, which must be a blockbuster.

1during June, 980, Soviet troops attacked Shanji-Duozitan Mountain, which is also a famous "thief mountain". The secret caves in the mountains extend in all directions and have been a good place for bandits to hide since ancient times. Alexander the Great didn't shoot it down, so it naturally became the main base of jihadists. First, the Soviet army blasted with BM2 1 hail rockets, and then dispatched eight Mi-24s at night, without even shooters, in order to reduce the weight, install more bombs, open the way for the ground troops, and finally successfully captured this natural fortress.

Another important task of Mi -24 is to escort the Soviet supply convoy along the highway, which accounts for 12- 15% of the total number of Mi -24 attacks.

Because the ground transportation is very dangerous, most troops are rotated in and out of Afghanistan by Il -76 or An-12 transport planes. Throughout the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Soviet civil aviation company Aeroflot maintained normal flights to Kabul. With more and more shoulder-launched anti-aircraft missiles in the hands of guerrillas, these large aircraft are threatened more and more. Mi -24 also undertakes the escort task of all large aircraft taking off and landing. In addition to patrolling the take-off and landing routes and near the airport, Mi -24 also fires infrared tracer bullets on the routes, which interferes with the aiming and guidance of shoulder-launched air defense missiles. When necessary, Mi -24 pilots were ordered to rush forward to intercept missiles to protect large aircraft with hundreds of soldiers on board. These Mi -24 pilots ridiculed themselves as "reluctant Matro Soff".

The loss rate of Mi -24 is amazing. Soviet troops stationed in Afghanistan lose 8- 12% of Mi -24 every year.

The Mi -24 repair team of the 40th Army stationed in Afghanistan also grew up in the war. At the beginning of the war, the repair rate of Mi -24 was only 70%, and in the later period, it reached 90%. Before the guerrillas were equipped with shoulder-launched anti-aircraft missiles, 24% of the lost Mi -24 was lost on 12.7 mm anti-aircraft guns, 42% on anti-aircraft guns of various calibers, and the rest was lost on mechanical failure or pilot error.

The hot plateau conditions in Afghanistan are a great challenge for Mi -24 pilots. Due to the lack of engine output, vertical takeoff and landing will greatly reduce the loading of weapons and ammunition, so it is rarely used, and it is usually a short-term sliding takeoff and landing. But the STOL with "Afghan characteristics" is also very distinctive. Rukovski Flight Test Center has developed a short takeoff mode. Turn the rotor up first, and lift the tail with the lift of 10- 12 degrees, so that a larger forward flight angle can be obtained. The engine can use the power originally used as lift as the forward power. When the helicopter accelerates forward, it is like this, head down and tail up, but at this time the helicopter is still in the ground take-off stage, so the whole plane is balanced in the first round. But this action requires very precise operation. Too little tail lifting is no good; If the tail wing is lifted too much, the main rotor will hit the ground; Adding horsepower too fast and too hard will also cause the main rotor to hit the ground.

The loss of the pilot is equally amazing. 30% of the deaths were caused by head or spine injuries, 55% by burns and 9% by internal injuries. Early pilots wore light blue chemical fiber shirts, but once the engine room caught fire, the chemical fiber fabrics easily melted and stuck to their bodies, aggravating burns. This is also the reason why it is forbidden to wear chemical fiber clothing into the job site in the chemical plant. In the later period, the pilots changed into cotton uniforms, and Mi -24 pilots were the first to change uniforms in the Air Force. During World War II, leather jackets were mostly used in flight suits. Cold prevention is one reason, so is fire prevention. But Afghanistan is too hot to wear a leather jacket.

The Soviet Union 1989 fought in Afghanistan. 1987 reached a ceasefire agreement, but neither side was sincere. A ceasefire is a ceasefire, and it actually works. 1In August, 1987, Bagram base was attacked on a large scale by guerrillas, and Soviet troops lost four Mi-24s in 10 minutes. For two whole days, all the flying planes in the whole base were dispatched to attack the enemy without interruption. After take-off, Mi -24 started firing rockets and dropping bombs as soon as it left the tarmac. After that, things got more and more ridiculous. Mi -24 at Ghazni base was hit by Afghan tanks of the Guard. It turned out that the guerrillas promised to give a small packet of sugar for every shot. For a long time, the main bases of the Soviet Union had Mi-24s patrolling in the air for 24 hours, and pilots were on standby for 24 hours until the withdrawal from Afghanistan. The last battle loss of Mi -24 in Afghanistan was on February 2, 1989/kloc-0, when Colonel Goro Vanov and shooter Paychere Holdeko were scouting the retreat route, and their plane was hit, killing both of them. It is another war of using Mi -24 on a large scale. The record of both sides depends largely on the quality of pilots. Iran's AH- 1 helicopter has better maneuverability than Mi -24, but its speed and climb are not as good as Mi -24. So Iran's AH- 1 will use ceramic anti-tank missiles to attack the enemy first if it finds the enemy first. If you miss, you can't escape. At this time, it is necessary to use the mobility of AH- 1 to find a way to get rid of the tracking of Mi -24, or to lead Mi -24 to the interception circle of the Iranian Air Force and let the ghost fighters clean up Mi -24. If the Iraqi Mi -24 finds the enemy first, it should use its speed and climbing advantage to climb to the hollow of 1000 meters at high speed, then go around the enemy's rear and fight from behind. At the beginning of the war, Iran's AH- 1 repeatedly attacked Iraq's Mi -24 with flexible tactics.

165438+ 19801In October, two AH- 1 attacked two Mi-24s, which was the first air combat between helicopters. One Mi -24 was shot down, the other was injured and forced to land at 10 km away. Iran's AH- 1 caught up and landed beside it.

The second time was on April 24th, 8 1. Two Iranian AH- 1 pairs of two Iraqi mi-24s were shot down, or two mi-24s were shot down, and AH- 1 did not lose.

After that, luck changed. On September 4th, 1983, 14, Iraqi Mi -24 shot down Iran's AH- 1 for the first time near Basra. Since then, Iraq's record has been rising. During the whole war, there were 56 air battles between helicopters. At the end of the war, the total number of AH- 10 and six Mi-24s shot down by helicopters was 10, and Iraq took the lead. However, this record is difficult to confirm, and there may be moisture. In addition, there were 1 18 air battles between fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters, and the record was unknown.

The most brilliant achievement of the Iraqi Mi -24 was 10. On October 27th, 1982/kloc-0, an Mi -24 shot down an Iranian F-4D head-on with an anti-tank missile, which was probably an AT-6 supersonic radio command and guidance anti-tank missile. The details of the battle are not clear, and some of them are contradictory. For example, it is reported that this is a Mi -25, which is an export model of Mi -24D. In that case, the missile can't be at -6. Another source said that the Iraqi Mi -24 shot down the unlucky ghost fighter with a nose machine gun. Whether using machine guns or AT-6, it seems that this is a battle between a blind cat and a dead mouse, not the superb technology of Iraqi Mi -24 pilots. Anyway, this is the first and only time in history that a helicopter shot down a jet fighter. 1987- 1990' s Indian peacekeeping forces used Mi -24 in Sri Lanka, especially when the Indian Air Force sent a task force to support the Sri Lankan armed forces in fighting against radical organizations in Sri Lanka, such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. India has made outstanding achievements with the fire support of Mi -24, and none of them was shot down. In contrast, the Tamil Tigers have no weapons to deal with Mi -24, so they can only be beaten. Although they hit the Mi -24 with heavy machine guns, they couldn't shoot it down.

Starting from1995165438+10/4, the Sri Lankan air force still uses Mi -24 against the Tamil Tigers. In particular, ground close fire support is very effective. The fleet used by the Sri Lankan Air Force is mixed, with Mi -24/-35P and Mi -24V/-35 versions, some of which have upgraded Israel's avionics system. However, when the Liberation Tiger acquired the portable air defense missile, the casualties began, five Mi-24s were shot down and three were destroyed in the ground attack. Mi -24 was used by Saddam to attack Kuwait. Although many of them were recycled and reorganized, Saddam still relied on their fighting capacity to take power after the war.

In a few cases, Mi -24 aircraft were sent to Iranian territory beyond the national border to escape the allied bombing. But Iran used them to achieve its own goals, and Saddam did not dare to express his views. The Sudan Air Force purchased six Mi-24s in 1995, and met the Sudan People's Liberation Army in the second Sudanese civil war in southern Sudan and the Nuba Mountains. In the first year of the campaign, at least two helicopters were lost in non-combat operations, and more planes may be received in the future.

In 200 1 year, Sudan purchased 12 helicopter, which only operated in the oil fields in southern Sudan. From 2004 to 2005, Mi -24 was also stationed in Darfur. Five Mi-24s, driven by mercenaries, took part in the revolutionary war in C? te d 'Ivoire, but after attacking a French military base and killing nine people, all five planes were destroyed by France as revenge. The Second Congo War (2003-)

United Nations peacekeeping forces hired Mi -24/-35 of Indian Air Force to participate in the mission of the second Congo War. These fuselages have been operated by Israeli pilots since 2003. 20 14 On May 2nd, the Ukrainian Ministry of Defence confirmed that two Mi-24s were shot down by pro-Russian elements in eastern Ukraine. On May 5, another Mi -24 was shot down near the eastern town of Slavyansk, but the pilot saved his life.