What is the employment situation of graduates this year? What is the demand for graduates around the world?

The current employment situation of college graduates is 1. The overall employment situation of college graduates is 1. In the past three years, the employment situation has been tense year by year. The survey shows that with the expansion of colleges and universities, the employment rate of college graduates in Shanghai has been shrinking in recent years. In 200 1 year, the employment rate of graduates from 55 colleges and universities in the city was about 95%, in 2002 it was about 93%, and in 2003 it was about 90%, showing an obvious tightening trend. This situation of getting tighter year by year is not unique to Shanghai. From a nationwide perspective, the employment situation of college graduates is more tense. The survey shows that the initial employment rate of 200 1 college graduates is only 70%, and about 340 thousand people are unemployed; About 370,000 people were unemployed in 2002; About 520,000 people were unemployed in 2003. This overall employment situation, to a certain extent, makes the situation in Shanghai, one of the talent gathering places, even more tense. 2. The employment situation in 2004 remained tense. In 2004, the national undergraduate and above colleges expanded their enrollment for the first time, and they were faced with job selection and employment. So overall, the employment situation may be more tense than in previous years. The statistics of college graduates in 2004 by China's Ministry of Education are 2.85 million, and the actual figures in various places are 2.63 million. During the same period, employment opportunities in the market were very limited. Therefore, according to the estimation of the Ministry of Education, 690,000 undergraduate graduates will be unemployed in 2004 alone, and the unemployment rate is close to 30%. As far as Shanghai is concerned, in 2004, the number of graduates from 55 universities in the city will exceed 654.38+10,000 for the first time, including graduate students10.5 million, undergraduate students 48,000 and junior college students 37,000 (including higher vocational colleges). If the situation has not changed much, according to the employment rate announced in recent years, the employment rate in 2004 will remain at around 90%. In other words, about 1 0,000 college graduates will lose their jobs as soon as they graduate. This situation directly affects the employment situation of graduates in 2004. At present, the signing rate of college graduates in Shanghai is lower than the national average. The survey also shows that among the graduates interviewed, only 29% expressed "intention to sign a contract", and 4% of them said "signed a contract". 78% people said that the employment situation in 2004 was "bad", among which 14% people said "very bad". Many departments in charge of the employment of college graduates have also expressed different degrees of concern. Second, an analysis of the employment situation of college graduates 1. The statistical caliber of the education department makes a gap between the published employment rate and the actual employment rate. At present, the statistics of the employment situation of college graduates by the education department are twice a year, namely once in September and once in February. It is worth noting that according to the statistical caliber of the education department, the situation of entering a higher school and going abroad is included in the employment statistics. However, in recent years, study and going abroad have increased steadily. Therefore, there is a big gap between the actual employment rate, that is, the proportion of employment agreements signed and the published employment rate. For example, 200 1, the number of students studying and going abroad in Shanghai accounts for about 12.4% of the total number of graduates in that year, and the actual employment rate should be 78.8%. In 2003, the number of students studying and going abroad in Shanghai reached 13%, and the actual employment rate should be about 73%, both of which were lower than the published employment rate by more than ten percentage points. 2. The survey shows that the growth rate of graduates exceeds the growth rate of jobs in the workplace. Since 1998, China has accelerated the development of higher education. In recent years, the number of college graduates has maintained an annual growth rate of 20-30% and150,000, which exceeds the growth rate of available jobs in the workplace to a certain extent, and has become the main reason for the current tight employment situation of college graduates. In 20001year, the number of college graduates nationwide was nearly10.4 million, in 200210.8 million and in 2003, it was 2.25 million. In 2004, the number of graduates counted by the Ministry of Education was 2.85 million, and the actual number in various places was 2.63 million. The situation in Shanghai is no exception. From 200 1 to 2004, the annual enrollment expansion of colleges and universities in Shanghai remained at 20,000. In 20001year, the total number of college graduates in Shanghai was 48,574; in 2002, it was 63,278, with an increase of 30.3% (among them, college graduates and higher vocational graduates increased the most, reaching 56%); in 2003, it was 80,467, with an increase of 3 1%; in 2004, it was about 654,300. Among them, in recent years, many schools have gradually controlled the scale of undergraduate enrollment and increased the scale of graduate enrollment, so the increase of graduate students is the most obvious, with an average of more than 30%. For example, the undergraduate enrollment of East China University of Science and Technology has stopped in the past two years, while the graduate enrollment has remained at 30% every year. So far, there are more than 1 1,000 graduate students. According to the survey, when analyzing the reasons for the current tight employment situation, 60% of the graduates surveyed said that "the increase in the number of graduates" was the main reason, far higher than other judgments, ranking first. On the employment pages of BBS in many colleges and universities, "re-employment" is used to describe the frequency of job hunting, from which it is not difficult to realize that graduates are somewhat ridiculous and helpless. 3. The structural imbalance of factors affecting employment shows that gender, school, education and major still have obvious influence on graduates' employment. Generally speaking, men, key universities, graduates with bachelor degree or above and graduates of science and engineering are more likely to find jobs than other graduates, which makes these factors affecting employment present structural imbalance. In the survey, only 3 1% of the interviewed graduates indicated that they had signed a contract or were interested in signing a contract, and only 27.6% of the liberal arts graduates. However, some majors, such as information technology, have a demand ratio of 1:40 for graduate students and 1:20 for undergraduate students, while some private schools and liberal arts majors, such as secretaries, have little competitive advantage. Some departments in charge of the employment of college graduates also pointed out that due to the imbalance of the above factors affecting employment, most students can only seek formal equality, but it is difficult to obtain substantive equality. 4. A survey with a high threshold of "experience access" in the workplace shows that 52% of graduates have had internship experience in party and government organs, enterprises and institutions, and 35% of them said that they have had more than two internship experiences. However, at present, the threshold of "experience access" in the workplace is too high, requiring job seekers to have certain (often 2-3 years) work experience. This is what fresh graduates don't have, which makes it difficult for many college graduates to implement their work as soon as possible, although they have certain professional qualities. Among the graduates interviewed, 35% said that it was difficult for them to carry out their work because of their lack of practical work experience. In this regard, the Shanghai Labor and Social Security Bureau also pointed out that although there are more and more people with high academic qualifications, most companies pay more attention to experience than academic qualifications, which has become one of the main reasons that affect the current employment situation of college graduates. 5. The survey shows that the content of human capital is lower than expected in the workplace. At present, one of the difficulties in the employment of college graduates is that there is a big gap between their professional ability and job-seeking skills and the actual social situation, and the overall human capital content is low, which affects the competitiveness of graduates in the human resources market. This is another aspect of the problem compared with "the threshold of' experience access' in the workplace is too high". SMIC (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. once recruited 500 fresh graduates, but nearly 20% of them were eliminated two months later. They found that "students who come to apply for jobs will not get started at first." Vocational training specially organized for novices has increased the cost of enterprises. According to a sample survey conducted by Shanghai Labor and Social Security Bureau, 4 1. 1% of unemployed youth think that lack of work experience is the main reason for their unemployment. However, in the first college students' vocational qualification examination held in Shanghai, only 80 of the 4 10 students who took the examination obtained the vocational qualification certificate, and the evidence collection rate was only 19.5%. The evaluation of many college students by the authoritative organization of vocational skill appraisal is: poor basic skills, poor basic operation ability and poor comprehensive application ability. The low content of human capital means that the ability of sustainable development is limited, and the time of continuing education needs to be extended. 6. The expectation of graduates' "salary status" is too high. It is difficult for college graduates to find jobs, which is greatly influenced by internal conceptual factors. Its outstanding performance is that many graduates expect too much from "salary situation", that is, salary situation. According to the survey, 23% of the graduates surveyed said that their salary expectation was above 3,000 yuan, 30% said it was between 2,000 and 3,000 yuan, and 28% said it was between1000 and 2,000 yuan. Moreover, graduates' salary expectations are closely related to students, schools, academic qualifications and majors, that is, the more students in Shanghai, the better schools, the higher academic qualifications, the stronger professional application and the higher salary expectations. The survey shows that there is an offensive and defensive alliance among Shanghai undergraduate graduates, that is, they will not go to jobs with a monthly salary of less than 2,000 yuan. Undergraduate graduates from key schools generally aim at jobs of about 2,500 yuan or more. In some schools, students from the School of Mechanical Engineering are looking for jobs for 7000-8000 yuan. 7. The investigation of employment channels and their limited utility shows that although the workplace situation is changing rapidly, college graduates are mainly looking for jobs by attending job fairs, surfing the Internet and recommending by acquaintances. Among the graduates interviewed, 80%, 40% and 20% choose these three channels respectively. Generally speaking, there are limited effective ways to learn from it. For the 2004 college graduates, because Shanghai cancelled the "face-to-face" large-scale comprehensive job fair held for many years, graduates who used to rely more on job fairs turned to the Internet. However, although in 2004, the relevant departments issued many notices about doing a good job in the employment of college graduates in this city, specifically proposing that the campus information network for college graduates' employment should be fully opened and connected with other employment websites to share resources, as a platform for "interaction" between supply and demand, the function of the network has not been fully exerted. According to the survey, the response rate of online resumes is less than 20%. Many graduates are not interested in the form of online resume submission and online recruitment. The reasons are as follows: First, due to the limitation of technical ability, many domestic websites can't distinguish the authenticity of personal information, so employers don't pay enough attention to and trust online recruitment. Second, due to technical reasons, the network traffic of many websites is limited. Once there are too many loggers, the network can't log in, the information is slow and the link is broken. For example, from June 5438+February 1 to June 5438+February 7, 2003, college graduates from all over the country conducted online recruitment, and almost 40% of the users logged into the designated recruitment network "2 1 Century Golden Talent Network", but they all encountered the situation that the network could not log in, the information was slow and the links were disconnected to varying degrees. 8. Institutional arrangements further reduce the "bottleneck" of employment. The survey shows that the three institutional arrangements of relevant administrative departments have further reduced the "bottleneck" of college graduates' employment and made the employment problem more prominent. Read it yourself/blog/renzi/1276/2241.shtml.