The impact of American race on the U.S. economy Urgent! ! ! !

The greatest impact on the U.S. economy from the past to today is immigration.

In the debate about immigration, opponents often argue that American jobs should be provided to Americans. , immigration is a burden on the economy. Yet some numbers suggest that recent immigration is actually a reason for the country's current economic boom. But the immigrant experience illustrates that their economic success is the result of hard work, shattering the myth that gold is readily available on American streets.

Recent research and anecdotal evidence suggests that immigration has a positive impact on the U.S. economy.

When Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan speaks, people listen. His words are so powerful that world markets move based on his words. One particularly prophetic comment from him would send a roomful of reporters rushing to the phones. More recently, when talking about aggregate demand, Greenspan told Congress that the United States should consider "increasing the number of people we allow into the country." ?

In a period when large numbers of immigrants are flowing into the United States, the idea of ??encouraging a steady flow of immigrants, let alone increasing them, will be met with strong opposition. Opponents of immigration include isolationist Democrats like Pat Buchanan, who want to build barriers around America's borders to prevent foreigners from corrupting our culture, and union Democrats. These people insist that immigrants are stealing jobs from Americans. In 1996, anti-immigration forces in Congress passed an omnibus bill, signed into law by President Clinton, that made tough provisions on nearly every aspect of immigration.

One of the arguments of those supporting this legislation is that immigration drains our wealth. This law requires that anyone wishing to sponsor another family member for immigration must have an income of 125% of the poverty level. The 1996 welfare reform law excluded non-citizens from the welfare system. Still, immigrants don't need handouts. According to most reports, they are achieving more than at any time in the past. Recent studies and anecdotal evidence suggest that immigrants—skilled and unskilled—have a very positive and tangible impact on the U.S. economy.

The success of immigrants is not a cliché

It is not a cliché that immigrants start from scratch and eventually become successful. Browse through one of the many vibrant ethnic neighborhoods that have taken root in our cities and you'll find that foreign-born Americans have brought vitality to countless blighted areas, past and present.

Long before the influx of Vietnamese into northern Virginia and Ethiopians and Central Americans animated impoverished areas of Washington, New York had Little Italy and Chicago had its Polish neighborhoods. , San Francisco has Chinatown. In each of these places, the same insults ring in the ears of immigrants from our great-grandfather's time: they will never assimilate, they will never learn English, they take other people's jobs.

Far from being wealth-draining charity recipients, these newly arrived immigrants are contributing to the current economic boom. Latin American video stores, Ethiopian restaurants, and Vietnamese jewelry stores are all thriving, employing both immigrants and native-born Americans. Yes, immigrants often arrive on our shores with next to nothing, but because they choose to scrimp to save every penny, they often end up owning their own homes or businesses within a short period of time.

Take Bosnian refugee Sedad Karic as an example. When he came to Jacksonville, Florida (Jacksonville, Florida) with his wife and a young son in 1996, he Just a watch that belonged to his father and a cat. Although he spoke little English, Carrick started cleaning up trash within two weeks of his arrival.

In less than two years, he and his wife had saved enough money to put a down payment on a three-bedroom home in south Jacksonville. Today, Carrick is an employment specialist and his wife is employed by Merrill Lynch. "It's all a matter of choice," Carrick said. "My wife and I chose not to spend foolishly and save every penny to buy a house."

There are many other examples of immigrants achieving personal success, including Intel Corporation ( Andrew Grove, founder of Intel and one of Time's Persons of the Year, and Ethiopian Babiso Baramo of Arlington, Virginia. Babiso Baramo, who works as a garage attendant and drives a taxi, owns his own home, supports his wife and children, and has never missed a mortgage payment. “Sometimes, Americans call me ‘greedy’ because I work so much,” Barama said. He works an average of 15 hours a day, and "I usually only get to see my family on the weekends. ... It's a sacrifice. I get to see them more, but then I don't have as much money to support them." In this country, if you work hard, you can make more money."

Rida Ib, another Ethiopian who manages a garage in Rosslyn, Virginia. Asked about accusations that immigrants deprive others of job opportunities, Rida Ibrahim dismissed the accusation. "There's certainly no shortage of jobs. Job ads are everywhere. It's a matter of what you're willing to spend your time on."

Recent research demonstrates the impact of immigration on the economy. To quantify the contribution of immigrants to America's remarkable industrial advantage, a 1996 study by the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution (AdTI) used a well-known statistical indicator of technological innovation - New Publication of patents - to measure immigrant invention and entrepreneurship. AdTI investigated 250 randomly selected patents from recently published patents in the United States and found that out of 48 samples, 19 patent rights were granted to immigrants alone or to immigrants and U.S.-born inventors.

This figure is twice the proportion of immigrants in the total U.S. population. Immigrant inventors included in the study included researchers, executives, entrepreneurs and a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor. These 4 people started their own businesses and provided more than 1,600 job opportunities. The findings also appear to support concerns long-expressed by foreign governments about the brain drain - that their economies suffer when citizens with highly skilled immigrants immigrate to build careers in the United States.

Contribute to a prosperous Massachusetts

This isn’t just a Silicon Valley computer engineer phenomenon, either. Recently, the Massachusetts Institute for a New Common Wealth, in partnership with Citizens Bank, conducted a study in Massachusetts titled “The Transformation of the Workforce: Immigration and Massachusetts’ New Economy.” Documents how immigrants in Massachusetts and New England played a major role in the region's demographic, cultural, and economic changes; research shows immigrants were hardworking and motivated.

Although Massachusetts has been home to a large number of immigrants, by 1970 it numbered fewer than 500,000 immigrants. Coincidentally, the state began experiencing negative population growth due to out-migration and declining birth rates. In the 1980s, immigrants from all over the world began to settle in Massachusetts.

New immigrants from Asia, Latin America, and Puerto Rico live in cities or suburbs, mitigating regional population declines and replenishing the labor force.

Immigrants make up only 12% of the state's total population. But without immigration, the population would have declined, and it would have declined every decade since the 1970s.

These immigrants played a significant role in increasing the labor force in Massachusetts. From the mid-1980s to 1997, immigrants accounted for 82% of the state's civilian labor force growth. At the same time, immigrants and native-born Americans participate in the labor force at the same rate. In fact, male immigrants are more active in the labor market than U.S.-born citizens. Immigrants who have the greatest difficulty finding work—those with only a high school degree or less—are also more active in the labor market than native-born Americans with equivalent education.

The study estimates that New England would have 200,000 fewer people employed today than in 1990 if it weren't for the influx of immigrants that kept factories vibrant. By the late 1990s, immigrants came to dominate the workforce in many blue-collar industries, especially those critical to manufacturing production and output. Immigrants are twice as likely to be employed in skilled manufacturing industries as those born in the United States. The odds of being employed as fabricators, assemblers, and machine operators—the types of jobs that keep factories running—are three to five times higher than those of native-born Americans.

Immigrants also outperform native-born Americans in professional fields. Immigrants are twice as likely to become university teachers. Slightly more than 2% of immigrants hold these positions, compared with less than 1% of the latter. The latest move to stop processing H-1B employment visas prevents some colleges and universities from hiring immigrants.

In addition, foreign-born professionals are more likely to be employed as engineers, natural scientists, and computer scientists than their U.S.-born counterparts. In contrast to occupations such as lawyers and lobbyists, which require office rent, immigrants are generally more likely to be employed in wealth-creating industries than native-born Americans. Research also shows that the longer immigrants stay in the United States, the stronger their motivation for advancement. Only 15% of immigrants who settled in the United States before 1980 lived below the poverty line, while the number was higher among immigrants in the 1980s.

Real Estate Appreciation

An AdTI study released in January found that perhaps the biggest benefit immigrants bring to the capital, Washington, D.C. and surrounding areas is the appreciation of real estate. From the population and real estate data from 1980 to 1998, we found that the surge in immigration is closely related to the increase in housing value.

In the nation’s capital, the largely Hispanic neighborhood of Adams Morgan has long been an area in flux. While the foreign-born population here increased by 78%, real estate values ??increased by 21%. Price increases in other neighborhoods were about the same. Overall, real estate values ??in areas where immigrants are concentrated increased by 13.8%, much higher than the city's average increase of 2.7%.

This growth is not limited to Washington. The close relationship between immigration and real estate appreciation is also shown in the suburbs of northern Virginia and Maryland. The increase in immigration there by 113 was accompanied by a rise in real estate prices by 37.5. Many of the area's immigrants, especially in northern Virginia, are Hispanic and some are Vietnamese, many of whom fled their homeland by boat. They give new life to shops and high streets, and the car parks are busy with traffic. Similarly, Hispanics, Ethiopians and Somalis have performed no less miracles in suburban Maryland.

Sadly, our research also shows the opposite trend. In neighborhoods with little or no immigration, real estate prices have fallen. In the 10 residential areas where the number of immigrants has dropped the most, the immigrant population has dropped by an average of 39% and real estate prices have dropped by 7.6%. The most striking example occurred when a sparsely populated neighborhood southeast of Anacostia in Washington lost 76% of its immigrant population and property prices dropped by 18%.

By the mid-20th century, the United States surpassed all countries in living standards and product output, and economic growth coincided with several major waves of immigration.

People are gradually developing an understanding that immigration will have a positive impact on the economy of this century. However, some remain skeptical.

Vernon Briggs, a professor of labor economics at Cornell University, argued that unlike earlier periods in the U.S., immigrants arriving today have a negative impact on the economy Impact, as our industry and employment landscape has undergone significant transformation. Yet it is precisely because of this changing landscape's emphasis on the importance of intellectual capital that immigrants will find a place in the United States of the future. Our current unprecedented economic growth is driven by America's clear advantage in high technology, an advantage that is sustained precisely because of the innovations made by many of the world's best and brightest minds who came to our continent.

But the highly skilled workers who create American jobs are not the only contributors to our economic prosperity. Even less-skilled immigrants contribute to our economy and our lives by doing jobs that most Americans don't want to do—such as cleaning offices, cooking in restaurants, and collecting cash at the grocery store. In turn, they contribute to the economy by buying homes, clothes and groceries. Immigrants have always brought a colorful culture to the United States, but now even more important is their hard work and desire to become part of the United States today.