Characteristics of French enterprise management

after the second wave of privatization, although the number of French public enterprises has been greatly reduced and the overall scale has been significantly reduced, the management of French public enterprises has not been relaxed and weakened, but has been perfected and strengthened through continuous improvement, so that the status and role of public enterprises in French economic life are still in a decisive position. Drawing on the experience of France, The reform and development of China's state-owned enterprises should make efforts in adjusting and improving the composition of the board of directors and its proportional distribution, redesigning the board structure of state-owned enterprises, and replacing the leaders of state-owned enterprises with people's congresses at the same level or appointing them. There are many forms of ownership dominated by private ownership in western European capitalist market economies such as France, including state ownership, cooperative ownership and trade union ownership.

Although the number of state-owned enterprises and the proportion of assets are small, they play an important role in the operation of the national economy.

state-owned enterprises in western Europe can be roughly divided into two types: one is a state-owned enterprise, which is generally called public enterprise or public enterprise, which is equivalent to what we call state-owned enterprise; The other is a mixed joint-stock company with state shares or holdings, which is influenced by the government's control and policies to a certain extent.

after the second world war, western European countries established state-owned enterprises through state investment in new construction, purchase of private enterprises and several nationalization policies, and achieved rapid economic growth; Through several privatization policies opposite to nationalization, structural adjustment was carried out to reduce the financial burden of the government.

although the private economy plays a dominant role in the market economy in western Europe, the state-owned economy still plays an important role in many economic fields, especially in the strategic resource allocation and welfare and distribution objectives related to national security.

France and other western European countries and their successive governments have their own characteristics and emphasis on the management of state-owned enterprises, and they also have rich and regular management experience, which has certain reference value. Two years ago, France implemented the "N+1 Plan" to promote the major of engineers. This time, French universities joined hands again to promote the major of economic management.

So, what are the advantages of the major of economic management in France? Will it become a new direction for China students to study in France? Studying in France, majoring in business management, the French Economic Management Education Network (www .eduecogestion.net) was founded by the French Agency for International Cooperation in Education, which integrates the advantages of more than 2 comprehensive universities' schools of economics and business management in France to improve their international visibility. Online registration through a single portal is convenient for international students' academic guidance, candidate registration and registration, and it also enables French universities to better select and enroll students through standardized candidate applications.

Studying in France, majoring in business management. This year, the French Economic Management Education Network sent a delegation to China for the first time, and its members included Paris IX, Saint-Etienne University and other famous French universities.

It is reported that this is the first international cooperation and promotion activity of the French Economic Management Education Network, which includes holding promotion meetings in key universities in China and communicating with school of economics and management, universities in China.

Professor Jean-Jacques DURAND, head of the delegation, said: "We have organized more than 2 French public universities to promote France's advantages in economic management to the whole world, hoping that more students will come to France to study quality management education.

"Economics and Management is a famous brand of French higher education, and the strength of French economic education is extraordinary.

INSEAD, located in France, has the reputation of "the cradle of global chairman".

In addition to the business major, the major of economic management is also a "trump card" for French economic education.

In France, the major of economic management is mostly offered by the School of Enterprise Management of universities, and it has now grown to the scale of 29 colleges, more than 3, students and 25, graduates.

Offering a complete series of management diploma courses, including dozens of master's diplomas and MBA MBA diplomas, is a major feature of the School of Business Administration of French universities.

Implementing school-enterprise cooperation, adopting practical teaching methods and paying attention to case analysis and practice is another feature.

The School of Enterprise Management of French University has more than 1, cooperative enterprises and 4,5 part-time faculty members.

This enables the School of Enterprise Management of French universities to provide systematic and solid academic education in management disciplines, and at the same time to implement continuing education, which is very helpful for improving students' professional ability.

Studying in France, majoring in business management. In recent years, France has implemented higher education reform and gradually integrated with European higher education. The diploma of French business management has been widely recognized in European countries.

French economics and management majors are attracting more and more students from China.

According to the latest statistics of the French Agency for International Cooperation in Education, nearly 4% of China students who applied to study in France in recent two years chose economic management as their major.

According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 15, university diploma courses in economics and management in French universities.

Then, how should French students who are interested in studying economic management in China choose courses? Mr. Philippe Cinquini, the head of the Shanghai office of the French Education International Cooperation Agency, who is studying in France and majoring in business management, believes that, on the whole, the postgraduate course of economic management is the highlight of French business management education.

when students choose the master's degree courses in economic management, they can refer to the standards adopted by human resources recruitment professional firms in evaluating the quality of various diploma courses, such as the starting salary and employment rate of graduates, the quality of teachers, the positions of external teachers, etc.

The relationship between the curriculum plan and the research center of colleges and universities is also an important reference index, which often means whether the curriculum can be supported by the teaching and research of comprehensive universities.

Therefore, on the whole, China students should be clear about their academic direction and career development plan before choosing the corresponding postgraduate courses.

Applying for a master's degree in economics and management is a famous brand of French higher education, with a high entry threshold.

In France, different master's courses are selected in different ways. Some are selected according to the applicant's academic records, some are selected through interviews, and some are both. Some master's courses even require the applicant to write a pre-selected thesis on a special topic.

The selection criteria of different institutions are also different. For example, in the case of excellent academic records, clear application purpose, rich experience in professional or club activities, outstanding foreign language level, overseas study or work experience, unique creativity, etc. may all become "extra" advantages in deciding whether to accept or not.

From the basic conditions, China students applying for the master's program of economic management in French universities must first have an equivalent diploma in the first year of master's degree (equivalent to the fourth year of China University); To enter the second year of master's degree directly, French must reach at least DELF B2 or equivalent level; For students whose French level is between DELF B2 and DELF 1 (that is, TEF scores of 361-54 and TCF scores of 3-399), colleges and universities will provide French training courses, and they can enter the second year of master's degree only after their language ability meets the requirements.

Finally, the rapid development of European countries after World War II reconstruction is inseparable from the workers of their companies with high technical level, and high-quality workers are closely related to the importance attached by European countries and enterprises to employee training.

In Germany, staff training has a long history. At the end of 19th century, in order to meet the needs of industrial development, the industry began to train staff, and after World War II, staff training was regarded as an organic part of economic reconstruction.

The government guarantees the training of employees by law, making it a normative form of social education. The Vocational Training Law (1969) specifies the standards, levels and requirements of training. The state has also established the Federal Institute of Vocational Education, which is responsible for studying and formulating relevant policies. In order to ensure the normal training of employees, the government mobilizes various forces to raise funds for employee training through various channels, including the federal government and state governments' budget allocations, local authorities and social organizations.

unlike Japan and the United States, which train apprentices in enterprises, the employee training system in Germany has great sociality, and the "dual track system" is its outstanding feature.

Apprentices learn practical operation in enterprises and theoretical knowledge in vocational schools. During the three-year apprenticeship, they study in enterprises for three and a half days to four days a week and in schools for one and a half days. Apprentices' living expenses are paid by enterprises, but they are not enterprise employees.

After graduation, they can stay in their own enterprises or go to other enterprises. Now this system has been extended to Austria, Switzerland and other countries, and vocational education in Germany has formed a multi-level network system.

European enterprises also attach great importance to the training of enterprise managers. The purpose of the French Enterprise Management Education Foundation is to strengthen the connection between enterprise management schools and enterprises. In 1966, it was jointly founded by the French Employers' Federation, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the government to train managers for enterprise management by using the existing conditions.

German vocational training network not only trains apprentices, but also has places suitable for managers, technicians, foremen, managers, directors and others to study.

It is precisely because all kinds of personnel in an enterprise have the opportunity and conditions to receive education and update their knowledge that they can improve the quality of the workforce, adapt to the changes in socio-economic structure, technological development and employment structure in time, and promote economic development.

French workers fully enjoy the right to freedom of association. Trade unions have legal personality and have the right to negotiate with employers or employers' groups and sign group agreements.

There are both comprehensive group agreements including various business units and single industry group agreements, which can also be divided into national, regional or local areas. The national group agreements signed by national trade unions in various industries must include the following contents: freedom of association, freedom of expression, salary conditions, employment conditions and retirement, amendment of labor dispute mediation procedures by holiday agreements, apprenticeship rights and skills training, special care guarantee for female and child workers, and terms of validity.

In addition, the French Constitution clearly stipulates that workers have the right to strike.