Scientific planning and rational deployment of integrated exploration to attack depth and blind spots to achieve major breakthroughs in geological prospecting

Zhang Yulin Cheng Guangguo

(Henan Provincial Bureau of Nonferrous Metals Geology and Minerals)

With the rapid development of society and economy and our country entering a well-off society and developing countries With the rapid development of the economy and the sharp increase in global demand for resources, it has become a top priority to improve the country's resource security and ensure the scientific, stable and sustainable development of the national economy. However, with the continuous deepening of geological work and the continuous improvement of the level of work, there are fewer and fewer outcrops on the surface, and the favorable areas for ore prospecting are getting smaller and smaller. As the benefits of mining become increasingly apparent, the external environment and unfavorable constraints of ore prospecting There are more and more factors, and the comprehensive difficulty of prospecting is becoming more and more difficult. While mineral exploration is rapidly expanding into deep and hidden areas, it is facing many policy contradictions. The achievement of major results in deep prospecting or geological prospecting has become more difficult. difficult. Therefore, scientific planning, rational deployment, comprehensive exploration, and blind search of geological prospecting work have become major issues that must be faced to achieve major breakthroughs in geological prospecting. To achieve a major breakthrough in geological prospecting, scientific planning of geological work is the prerequisite, reasonable work deployment is the foundation, and integrated exploration is the condition, deep exploration is the direction, and achieving a major breakthrough in geological prospecting is the fundamental purpose.

1. Scientific planning is the prerequisite for achieving major breakthroughs in geological prospecting

Scientific planning is the basic prerequisite for achieving expected results in various tasks. To achieve major breakthroughs in geological prospecting, It is inseparable from detailed planning of this work, and it is even more necessary to strengthen advance planning of this work. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the mineralization geological environmental conditions of our province. First, it is clear in which areas to carry out deep geological exploration work to obtain geological information. A major breakthrough in mineral prospecting; secondly, it is necessary to clarify what kind of mineral to look for; thirdly, it is necessary to clarify how to find it; fourthly, it is necessary to predict the possible scale or resource amount of the mineral deposit; fifthly, it is necessary to estimate its potential economic value and investment costs and inputs. Output ratio; Sixth, specific safeguard measures must be clarified. Therefore, it is necessary to gather a group of outstanding experts in geology and related majors across the province to conduct comprehensive research and analysis on the province's geological data to complete various planned work contents.

2. Reasonable work deployment is the basis for achieving major breakthroughs in geological prospecting

After the work plan for major breakthroughs in geological prospecting is completed, whether the work deployment is scientific, economical, and Effectiveness and applicability are the basis for achieving major breakthroughs in geological prospecting. Therefore, we must first adhere to the research results of geological work and geological theory, actively carry out data collection research and secondary development, constantly draw on the work results and experiences and lessons of predecessors, deepen the prospecting work while seeking common ground, and seek for common ground. Yizhong develops new ideas for deep geological prospecting work; it is necessary to pay attention to the collection, analysis and research of field data in geological work, so as to lay a good foundation for the deployment of other geological work with the results of geological and scientific research work. Secondly, geophysical and geochemical prospecting work should be further used as a powerful means of deep mineral prospecting. Advanced geophysical and geochemical prospecting technologies and methods are key elements in determining deep mineralization and ore body location. We must rely on high-precision, high-resolution, large-depth geophysical prospecting technology and various deep-penetrating geochemical technologies to continuously meet the needs of deep exploration. To meet the needs of mineral exploration, on the basis of giving full play to traditional physical and geochemical exploration methods, we must continue to carry out transient electromagnetic survey, metal mine seismic, controlled magnetotelluric method, multi-frequency induced electric method, high-density electric method, underground As well as the testing and improvement of methods such as in-hole geophysical prospecting and (micro)gravity exploration, we use effective method combinations to obtain various useful information on deep geological bodies. By comparing, screening, filtering and denoising various information, we can achieve useful information Extract mineralization information, and then determine the spatial position, shape and mineralization intensity of deep target bodies, providing a basis for verification of lower projects. It is necessary to pay attention to the organic combination of geological and geophysical exploration results, and to use geological results to guide the deployment of geophysical and geochemical exploration work and the reasonable interpretation of results. At the same time, the interpretation of geophysical and geochemical exploration data must be based on scientific premise, with the courage to innovate, break through and persevere, Provide new insights for geological verification work.

Third, we must dare to carry out effective engineering verification work on geophysical and geochemical exploration and geological prediction results, objectively face various risks of verification failure, allow continuous correction of deficiencies and gaps in understanding during verification, and gradually improve and approach the objective geological body. , and ultimately achieve a more comprehensive and true understanding and control of the target object.

3. Integrated exploration is a necessary condition for achieving major breakthroughs in geological prospecting

The so-called integrated exploration is based on the mineralization geological environment and a (relatively) complete or closed The ore-forming geological structure is used as the boundary, and the ore (concentration area) field is used as the exploration unit to carry out unified deployment, comprehensive exploration and comprehensive evaluation work. Therefore, the integration and determination of exploration work (mineralization) areas will become the basis for integrated exploration and a necessary condition for achieving major breakthroughs in geological prospecting. To this end, we must first carry out in-depth mineralization prediction work across the province and select favorable mineralization zones and favorable mineral species that can be explored; secondly, we must conduct sufficient research and comprehensive analysis on the selected zones and define the work area. The boundary of the mineral rights, understand the setting and current situation of the mineral rights, and determine the direction and possibility of its integrated exploration; third, we must further rationalize the mineral rights relationship and the interests of multiple parties, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties; fourth, we must unify Deploy various integrated exploration work, and carry out targeted geological exploration work on the basis of in-depth and comprehensive analysis of relevant geological data in the area; fifthly, we must combine integrated exploration with deep prospecting, deep-seated prospecting, and blind prospecting. Combine critical mine exploration with provincial dual-rights project deployment; combine integrated exploration with mine exploration production and resource integration; combine integrated exploration with mineral rights management and mining structure adjustment. This creates a good foundation and prerequisites for the overall survey.

4. Searching for blind spots in depth is the inevitable direction to achieve a major breakthrough in geological prospecting

Searching for blind spots in depth means to search for all the hidden objects in the depth or coverage area of ??known ore bodies. Hidden ore bodies. According to the "Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Promoting Deep Prospecting Work", by 2020, my country's deep prospecting work will discover a number of deep mineral deposits with macro-impact and significantly increase the sustainable resource reserves of existing mines; carry out 500 major mineralization zones ~2000m deep resource potential evaluation, and the exploration depth of important solid mineral industrial ore bodies has been advanced to 1500m; innovate the theory of deep mineralization and mineralization with Chinese characteristics, establish and improve my country's deep mineralization technology method system; establish a system to promote deep mineralization work Exploration and mining technology and economic policy system. In the current deployment of deep prospecting work in our province, the exploration depth of coal has reached about 1,500m, the exploration depth of bauxite will be deepened to about 700m, and the exploration depth of other solid minerals will gradually be advanced to about 1,500m.

With the advancement and acceleration of the industrialization process across the country and our province, the continuously and rapidly developing economic situation has placed increasing demands on mineral resources. Bulk resources such as copper and iron and important scarce resources have been further guaranteed. To reduce and improve the security of resources requires breakthrough geological results in geological prospecting work. Therefore, strong support from geological prospecting work is urgently needed. Over the past 60 years, with the improvement of geological exploration work and the discovery and evaluation of a large number of surface minerals, deep prospecting has become an important way to solve today's resource bottlenecks. Deep prospecting has become the development and breakthrough of today's geological exploration work. The inevitable choice for sexual results.

5. The necessity and feasibility of deep prospecting in our province

(1) The necessity of strengthening deep prospecting in our province

Our province It is a major mining province. Mining and related processing industries account for a large proportion of the national economy. The output value of the advantageous minerals coal, petroleum, bauxite, gold mine, molybdenum ore and iron ore accounts for 94% of the total mineral mining output value in Henan Province. . However, except for molybdenum ore, the resource situation of these minerals is not optimistic. Coal ranks ninth in the country in terms of retained resource reserves, but its output has remained second in the country for a long time, with a reserve-to-production ratio less than 1/4 of the national average; gold mines rank seventh in the country in terms of retained resource reserves, and its output has remained ranked first in the country for more than ten years. Second place; oil resource reserves rank tenth in the country, and output ranks fifth in the country. The shortage of reserve resources in a large number of mines caused by high-intensity development will directly affect the sound and rapid economic development.

Although our province can alleviate the resource tension in the province in a short period of time by adhering to the policy of comprehensive utilization of both "inside and outside the province" resources, in order to fundamentally solve this situation of the province's resources, it must be based on This province carries out deep prospecting and exploration work. Therefore, carrying out deep prospecting and exploration work in the province is very necessary and important work related to the economic development of the province and the improvement of people's living standards.

(2) Strengthening the feasibility of deep prospecting in our province

1. The development trend of deep prospecting globally and in my country

In the field of geological research around the world Among them, large-scale mineralization and prediction of large-scale mineral concentration areas are major scientific frontiers in current mineral resource research. Carry out research on large-scale mineralization and prediction of large-scale mineralization areas with Chinese characteristics, establish my country's continental mineralization theoretical system and continental dynamic mineralization model, identify the transmission mechanism of mineralization information from deep to surface, and develop economical and effective The strategic method of prospecting is not only a major scientific issue aimed at the international frontier, but also the basis for my country's mineralization prediction, especially the prediction of deep deposits and hidden deposits.

In the past 20 years, exploring new theories of mineralization and developing new technologies and methods have been the goals pursued by geologists. At present, generally speaking, there are four major development trends in this field:

First, there are difficulties in using plate tectonic theory to explain continental mineralization, and the study of the relationship between continental dynamics and mineralization has become a hot topic.

Since the 1970s, some scholars have proposed a series of new mineralization models and theories based on the relationship between plate tectonics and mineralization, which has promoted the development of mineral prospecting and prospect prediction. However, the plate tectonic theory has encountered a series of major difficulties and challenges in explaining continental mineralization. The theory provides a macro-theoretical framework to explain the mineralization issues during the evolution of continental paleoplates, but it is difficult to explain the intracontinental evolution stage after plate collision. There are no ready answers to key continental mineralization issues such as mineralization and the relationship between major plate movement processes and mesoscale mineralization. In this context, the study of the relationship between continental dynamics and mineralization has become the forefront of geoscience research today.

Secondly, research on super-large mineral deposits continues to heat up, and large-scale mineral concentration areas have become new targets for mineralization and mineral exploration.

Due to the huge potential economic benefits of super-large mineral deposits, the study of super-large mineral deposits has become a major scientific field that has attracted much attention from the international geoscience community since the late 1980s. At present, research on super-large mineral deposits shows two major trends. On the one hand, it is to integrate the research on super-large mineral deposits into the global context, to explore the major basic issues that restrict the formation of super-large mineral deposits from a rational level, and to explore the formation of super-large mineral deposits in unknown areas. possibility. On the other hand, except for a few very large mineral deposits with unique characteristics, most large to very large mineral deposits are members of the mineral deposit assemblage within large mineral concentration areas. Therefore, geologists are invariably focusing on the study of large-scale mineralization areas of mesoscale mineralization units that have been ignored for a long time in the past, and are beginning to think about some issues, such as super-large mines, large-scale mines, and medium-sized mines in mineralization areas. Does small-scale mineralization have a unified formation mechanism? Why does mineralization show obvious heterogeneity in time and space distribution? What is the environment and process of large-scale mineralization or large-scale mineralization, etc.

Thirdly, the research on mineralization models shows a trend of evolution from qualitative to quantitative, and from individual deposit models to regional spatio-temporal four-dimensional models.

The mineralization model is one of the most vital scientific issues in mineralization that has been studied for a long time so far. At present, the research on mineralization models is not limited to the fine carving of typical mineral deposits, but is developing in the direction of regionalization and multi-parameterization. Based on a series of studies on regional tectonic evolution and mineralization of mineral deposits, establishing mineralization models at the zone level and mineral concentration area has become a new research hotspot; based on multiple information from geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and remote sensing geology, establishing Prospecting models at different scales have also received widespread attention.

Fourth, prospecting research has made significant progress, and new ideas, new technologies and new methods are constantly emerging.

2. Foreign examples of deep prospecting provide good experiences that can be used for reference

In today’s world, the practice of deep prospecting and exploration in relevant countries, according to incomplete statistics, metal minerals There are more than 80 mines with a depth of more than 1,000m, and the average mineralization depth of gold deposits is 1,600m. Abroad, a series of large and super large mineral deposits and large and medium-sized metal mineral resources have been continuously found and discovered in the deep parts of existing mineral deposit areas (belts). For example:

Currently the deepest mineral deposit in the world is the Western Deep Level gold mine in South Africa. Its exploration and mining depth has reached 4800m and will soon reach 5000m. The mining depth of Babton Gold Mine is 3800m.

The Sudbury copper and nickel deposits in Canada have more than 30 copper and nickel deposits surrounding the Sudbury complex, including many large and medium-sized deposits, which have been mined to 2000m. The deepest ore body currently explored is 2,430m in Victor, and the deepest metal mines of Falconbridge and Inco have been drilled to 3,050m.

In 2004, extremely rich mineral deposits were discovered at a depth of 1180m in the West McCreedy and Levackfootwall mines.

Domestic and foreign geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and ore deposit scientists have studied regional mineralization characteristics from different aspects, forming systematic theories and methods to guide deep mineral prospecting, and large-depth geophysical detection technology. , geochemical deep penetration technology, deep drilling technology, etc. also provide effective means for deep prospecting.

The current challenge faced by mineral resource exploration in our province is to find hidden large ores and giant ores and discover new mineral deposits in known metallogenic zones with a high degree of work.

Our province has a high degree of mineral resource exploration, but in the past, geological prospecting was mainly deployed in mountainous areas with exposed bedrock. The exploration depth was 300 to 500m, and most of the discovered minerals were outcrops. Whether there is prospecting potential in deep areas has always been a hot topic of research. In recent years, important prospecting progress has been made in the deep prospecting of metal mines with resource crisis in the Xiaoqinling, Xiong'er Mountain and Funiu Mountain areas of our province. The two-right price project has also achieved fruitful results in the deep prospecting of coal and bauxite. As a result, deep mineral exploration work has revealed that our province has huge prospecting potential for deep minerals and hidden minerals. Therefore, it is completely feasible to carry out deep prospecting and exploration work in our province.

VI. Planning and deployment of deep prospecting and exploration work in our province

According to the situation of mineral resources in our province and on the basis of sufficient geological research, the deep prospecting in our province will be carried out The exploration work proposes the following deployment principles and key exploration mineral types and key exploration areas.

(1) Deployment principles. Deep prospecting must adhere to the principles of overall planning, highlighting key points, and step-by-step implementation. In terms of specific deployment, the completeness of the mineralization units, mining areas, main ore-controlling geological elements, and anomalies must be fully taken into account, and the geological laws of mineral resource occurrence must be followed to establish exploration projects scientifically and rationally.

(2) Key exploration minerals and key work areas. Deep prospecting includes prospecting in the depth and periphery of identified mineral areas (including production or closed pit mines), prospecting for hidden mines, and prospecting for buried mines. Focus on exploration of minerals that play an important role in the economic development of the province, are urgently needed for the development of the national economy, have insufficient reserve resources, and have large resource potential. The main body of identified mineral areas is deep prospecting in production mines, mainly concentrated in Xiaoqinling, Xiong'er Mountain, Luanchuan area, and Tongbai area. The type of mineral deposits is hydrothermal gold, silver, lead-zinc, and molybdenum ores. Deep prospecting The direction is mainly the vertical extension of the identified ore body; the blind ore body mainly targets hidden ores and buried ores, while the hidden ores are mainly unexposed hydrothermal or sedimentary minerals, mainly distributed in the exposed areas of bedrock, and are Minerals covered by the upper bedrock; buried minerals are mainly minerals covered by the Cenozoic basin strata. Our province mainly includes coal, iron ore, bauxite, etc. under the Cenozoic in eastern Henan, northern Henan, and southern Henan.

(3) Key exploration areas.

According to the distribution pattern of the main mineral metallogenic zones in our province, and taking into account the current status of mining development and other factors, deep prospecting work is mainly deployed in the following areas:

Coal (coal bed methane) in the deep, peripheral and near-peripheral coal mining areas ) Exploration Area;

Coal (coalbed methane), iron ore, and bauxite exploration area in the Cenozoic buried area;

Xiao Qinling Deep Gold-Molybdenum Polymetallic Mine Exploration Area;

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Xionger Mountain-Waifangshan deep gold-molybdenum polymetallic ore exploration area: focus on exploration of Shagou-Haopinggou-Tieluping-Fanzhuang silver-lead-zinc mineralization concentration area, Xiaochigou-Luyuangou-Qing Gangping gold deposit mineralization concentration area, explosion breccia-porphyry-altered rock type gold-molybdenum deposit mineralization concentration area in northwest Song County, potassium feldspar quartz vein type molybdenum deposit concentration area in northeast Song County, Ruyang -Songxian-Luanchuan area porphyry molybdenum mineralization concentration area.

The deep gold, silver and polymetallic ore exploration areas in the Tongbai area: mainly concentrated in the depths and periphery of the Tongbai Silver Mine and Dahe Copper Mine.

Deep iron ore exploration area in An-Lin area;

Deep molybdenum polymetallic ore exploration area in Dabie Mountain area;

Wugang-Xincai Cenozoic buried area Deep iron ore exploration area;

Shaanxi-Mian-Xin bauxite mining area and peripheral bauxite exploration area: mainly include Wanggudong-Fanjiashan-Zhijian-Bailang mid-deep prospecting area in Shaanxi County , Caoyao-Yushan aluminum (clay) soil prospecting area, Zhangyaoyuan-Xiaye aluminum (clay) soil prospecting area, etc.

The deep and peripheral bauxite exploration areas of the Jia-Ru-Bao bauxite mining area: mainly include the middle and deep prospecting areas of Shilong District in Pingdingshan, the deep prospecting areas of Ruzhou City, and Ruzhou City. Chegou-Tanggou deep prospecting area, Yuzhou Fangshan mid-deep prospecting area, Yuzhou City Shenhou-Hongchang mid-deep prospecting area, etc.

Zhengzhou bauxite mining area’s deep and peripheral bauxite exploration areas: Gongyi City’s Zhongling-Zhulingou deep prospecting area, Gongyi City’s Chadian deep prospecting area, Gongyi City’s Shuitou deep prospecting area, etc.

The deep, peripheral and near-peripheral exploration areas of large and medium-sized crisis mines.

7. Issues that need to be paid attention to in strengthening the deployment of deep prospecting in our province

(1) Some bulk pillar minerals, such as petroleum, iron-rich, chromium, manganese, copper, potassium For salt, we must make full use of foreign resources; encourage geological exploration units in our province to go out and make use of foreign resources.

(2) Our province’s advantageous minerals, such as molybdenum and certain non-metallic minerals, should be explored according to international demand, mined and smelted according to plan, to increase the say in pricing and avoid low prices for advantageous minerals , Selling at a low price, resulting in the more exploration, the lower the price, and the more companies mine, the more they lose money. Advantageous minerals such as molybdenum ore should be reasonably explored and developed.

(3) Strengthen the continued resource exploration work in crisis mines.

Crisis mines refer to mines whose service period is lower than the warning line. In other words, it is difficult for these companies to maintain normal production and operations now or in the future. "Hunger" stems from insufficient reserves in mines. The prosperity of a mine often affects the rise and fall of a city. The mining industry is in a downturn, and the local economy is sluggish as a result. The mining economy is declining year by year, the number of laid-off and unemployed people is getting larger and larger, and social stability problems are becoming increasingly prominent. In fact, as my country's economy continues to grow rapidly, the resource reserves of more than half of the country's 45 major minerals are being consumed faster than the growth rate. Experts predict that around 2010, my country's large and medium-sized mines will enter a peak period of closure.

In fact, crisis mines still have great potential to be tapped. Insufficient mine reserves do not mean depletion of mine resources. Experts believe that insufficient mine resources are often due to insufficient geological exploration. At present, the average exploration depth in our country is within 500m, and most of the areas below 500m are blank areas for exploration work.

“The deep and peripheral areas are the breakthrough points.” Generally speaking, when resources are in crisis in the shallow areas, there is potential in the deep areas; when there is a resource crisis in mining areas, there is potential in the outer areas. The key to solving crisis mines is to increase effective investment in resource replacement exploration work, appropriately expand the scope of mining areas with resource potential, actively explore new prospecting areas, find new replacement resources, and exchange space with resource potential for the conversion and regeneration of mine structures. and transfer survival space.

Compared with newly built mines, once breakthroughs are made in prospecting in crisis mines, the results will be faster and more profitable, and the service life of the mines can be extended more effectively.

“Crisis mines can take over the resource prospecting work and save a lot of the country’s investment costs.” According to relevant expert estimates, it takes about 10 years from exploration to development of a new mine, and the investment cost is huge. Similarly, closing an old mine also involves complex social issues: for example, it is not only the need to re-employ mining workers, but also the waste caused by the idleness of a large number of specialized machinery. These problems will have a negative impact on local fiscal revenue and social stability. According to a 2004 survey by the Ministry of Land and Resources on the resource potential of 18 mineral types and 565 large and medium-sized mines in my country, 192 of them have potential for tapping. Therefore, crisis mines are a realistic and correct strategic choice to take over the resource prospecting work.

Exploring the potential of crisis mines not only reflects the requirements of sustainable development, but also has innovative significance. Lu Guxian, a researcher at the Institute of Geomechanics of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, believes that at present, the actual situation of my country's mines has not been comprehensively integrated and objectively evaluated. The implementation of prospecting projects has the exploratory significance of “throwing stones to ask for directions”. In addition, the prospecting project realizes the mining enterprise's attempt to "integrate exploration and mining" and promotes the advancement of technology and management.

8. Key technical methods to strengthen deep mineral prospecting

(1) Geological aspects

In addition to conventional geological working methods, new mineralization should be Under the guidance of theory and new mineralization models, we will re-understand the exploration results and data of existing mines, and focus on and strengthen the secondary development of data.

(1) Through the exploration of many large-scale porphyry molybdenum deposits in our province (Nannihu, Donggou, Tangjiaping, Yuchiling, etc.), it can be found that some geological laws need to be re-understood. For example, it was previously believed that fluorite is a low-temperature mineralization and molybdenum ore is a high-temperature mineralization, and the two will not occur together. However, in fact, the occurrence of both can be seen in many molybdenum mines in our province, especially Yuchi. The Ridge Mine was originally a fluorspar mine. Molybdenum mineralization has also been found in many fluorites in the Nanzhao area. Are there any large-scale molybdenum mines in these places?

(2) Traditional porphyry deposits are considered to be ores in porphyry bodies. It is disseminated, and the entire porphyry body is mineralized. However, in fact, most of the porphyry molybdenum deposits discovered in our province have no choice in the ore-forming surrounding rocks. The structure controls the mineralization, and the ores are distributed in the form of fine veins in the surrounding rocks. rock or porphyry. These understandings will help make breakthroughs in future exploration work.

(3) Study, apply and further explore the geological laws of mineralization, and apply the concept of mineralization series to pay attention to prospecting in mineral concentration areas and vacancy prospecting.

(4) Pay attention to learn from the new understanding gained in the exploration and development process, including the new understanding gained in the crisis mine exploration work in recent years. For example:

Skarn iron-copper deposits can form multi-step ore bodies along the rock mass contact zone, with a large extension downward (such as Daye Iron Mine, etc.);

Quartz vein type tungsten mines can extend to a depth of 1km (such as Pangushan tungsten mine);

Quartz vein type gold deposits and fracture zone altered rock type gold mines can also extend to a depth of more than a kilometer (such as Taitai Gold mine, Jinqingxiang gold mine).

Super large porphyry (gold, copper) deposits. If there are limestones in the surrounding rocks, skarn copper deposits are generally formed, and there are lead, zinc, silver (gold) deposits on the periphery. (such as Yulong, Qulong, and Benheim in the United States);

Copper and gold deposits in greenstone belts generally extend deeper than Yanchang (Hongtoushan copper mine, etc.);

The interlayer sliding zone around the uplifted metamorphic core complex is generally prone to mineralization.

(2) Geophysical prospecting technology

In deep prospecting work, based on sufficient geological research work, practical geophysical prospecting technology is important to achieve the results of deep prospecting work. One of the key technologies, commonly used mature geophysical prospecting technologies include:

(1) High-precision magnetic survey. ①Large-scale helicopter aeromagnetic survey. ② High-precision ground magnetic survey and its three-dimensional quantitative inversion technology.

(2) Electric (magnetic) method. ①The detection depth of controlled source audio electromagnetic magnetotellurics (CSAMT) can reach 1000~3000m. ②The detection depth of transient electromagnetic method (TEM) can reach about 1000m.

③ Resistivity and electrostatic work, the detection depth can reach 100~300m. ④The detection depth of magnetotelluric sounding (EH-4) can reach 1000~3000m. ⑤The detection depth of negative resistivity method (CR) can reach 700~800m. ⑥ Well logging, three-component magnetic logging and electrical logging, the detection range can reach 2~10m. ⑦Special seismic method for non-ferrous precious metal mining areas, the detection depth can reach 300~1000m.

(3) Coalfield geophysical prospecting. The seismic detection depth can reach 800~2000m, and the electrical sounding detection depth can reach 300~1000m.

(4) New method test. Metal mine seismic, underground well (well) TEM, well magnetic survey δT, well three-component magnetic survey and ground magnetic survey joint inversion, well development of induced electric interpretation software.

(3) Geochemical prospecting technology

Focus should be placed on the development and utilization of regional geochemical prospecting data in important mineralization zones and the technical research on 1:50,000 geochemical prospecting methods, covering deep penetration areas Geochemical method technology improvement and standard establishment. Technical research on geochemical exploration methods using motorized shallow drilling.

(4) Exploration technology

500~1000m conventional drilling technology.

Main drilling technologies for 1000~1500m.

The current maximum design depth of in-pit drilling is 700~800m. In particular, in-pit drilling will be a commonly used drilling method in crisis mines and deep prospecting in the future.

9. Strengthen policy guarantees for deep mineral prospecting

(1) Standardize and strengthen the management of mining rights

The results of mining rights verification should be fully utilized, Properly plan and set up mining rights, fully consider the interest relationship between existing mines and deep exploration, and provide necessary exploration prerequisites for the integration of mining rights and integrated exploration.

Due to the rapid development of the mining industry in the past few years, there are many mining rights in our province. Most of the important mineralization zones and large mines have exploration rights or mining rights around and deep in them. The setting of these mineral rights is our It is difficult for the province to carry out deep prospecting in zones. Handling these relationships well will be the key to breakthroughs in deep prospecting points. Without the support of mining rights, deep prospecting will be an empty talk. Therefore, the government should strengthen the management of mining rights and formulate a reasonable and scientific plan for the establishment of mining rights. The issues that should be noted are:

(1) Carry out mining rights verification to find out the status and distribution status of mining rights in our province.

(2) Set up mining rights scientifically and rationally in conjunction with our province’s deep mineral prospecting plan. Mining rights shall be integrated within the deep prospecting planning area. Mines with small area and small mining scale shall be integrated within the specified period or canceled after expiration.

(3) It is prohibited to set up exploration rights deep in large mines.

(2) Formulate and improve corresponding deep prospecting incentive policies as soon as possible

(1) Based on government organization, policy guidance, multi-party cooperation, voluntary rights holders, and exploration unit implementation. Deep prospecting and exploration work will be organized and carried out on the principle that preferential treatment of results will be given to mining rights holders.

(2) Rights holders should be encouraged to invest in large-scale geological exploration. For some exploration rights in deep prospecting planning areas, the government may consider returning the price of the exploration rights and taking back the exploration rights until the exploration rights have exploration results. Consider giving a portion of the benefits (or equity) to the original mining rights holder.

(3) It may be considered to jointly establish a joint-stock company with government investment, rights holder’s rights, and exploration unit’s contribution to carry out deep exploration and operate completely in accordance with the market.