The concept of effect

Category: Education/Science gt; gt; Science and Technology

Analysis:

Political scientist Wilson and criminologist Kaelin proposed a "broken window" theory". This theory holds that if someone breaks a window glass in a building and the window is not repaired in time, others may be given some implicit connivance to break more window glass. Over time, these broken windows create a sense of disorder. As a result, crime thrives in this atmosphere of public insensitivity. The "broken windows theory" is not only used in social management, but also in modern corporate management.

Butterfly Effect

What is the Butterfly Effect? In December 1979, Lorenz proposed in a lecture at the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington: A butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil may cause a tornado in Texas, United States. His speech and conclusion left an extremely deep impression on people. Since then, the so-called "butterfly effect" has spread like wildfire and its reputation has spread far and wide.

The reason why the "Butterfly Effect" is fascinating, exciting and thought-provoking lies not only in its bold imagination and charming aesthetic color, but also in its profound scientific connotation and inherent philosophical charm.

From a scientific perspective, the "butterfly effect" reflects an important feature of chaotic motion: the sensitive dependence of the long-term behavior of the system on initial conditions.

The traditional view of classical dynamics is that the long-term behavior of a system is insensitive to initial conditions, that is, small changes in initial conditions will have very small differences in future states. But chaos theory challenges traditional views. Chaos theory believes that in a chaotic system, very small changes in initial conditions will cause extremely huge differences in its future state after continuous amplification. We can use a folk song circulated in the West to illustrate this vividly. This ballad says:

A missing nail breaks a shoe;

A broken shoe breaks a horse;

A horse was broken, and a knight was injured;

A knight was injured, and a battle was lost;

A battle was lost, and an empire was lost.

Whether a nail on the horseshoe will be lost is a very small change in the initial conditions, but its "long-term" effect is the fundamental difference between the survival and death of an empire. This is the so-called "butterfly effect" in the military and political fields. It sounds a bit incredible, but it can indeed cause such negative consequences. Some seemingly trivial things may cause disintegration within the group. We must take precautions, otherwise, it will be too late to regret.

How much has been known about the "Butterfly Effect" apocalypse throughout the ages?

Recency effect

The most recent and last impression is often the strongest and can dilute the various factors that occurred before it. This is the recency effect. There is an example: During the interview, the examiner told the candidate that he could leave. But when the candidate was about to leave the examination room, the examiner stopped him again and said to him, you have answered the questions we asked, and the judges don’t think so. So, what do you think about this? In fact, the examiner made such a setting as the last test for graduates, hoping to test the applicant's psychological quality and ability to adapt to situations. If you answer this question well, it can make up for the shortcomings in the previous interview; if you answer it poorly, the candidate may lose all his previous efforts because of this last key question.

The frog effect

There used to be a fable about the boiled frog: if you put a frog in boiling water, it will jump out; if you put a frog in warm water , it will feel comfortable. Then you slowly increase the temperature. Even if it rises to 80°C, the frog will still stay in the water as if nothing has happened. As the temperature continues to rise to 90°-100°, the frog will become weaker and weaker. In this case, the frog has lost the ability to escape itself until it is cooked.

In the second situation, why can't the frog get out of danger on its own? This is because the organs inside the frog that sense bottom-up threats can only sense drastic environmental changes, but cannot respond in time to slow and gradual environmental changes. This is a kind of "frog effect".

The "frog effect" tells us a truth: "Be born in trouble and die in ease."

The beauty effect

The owner of a cafeteria in Rome came up with the idea A great way to earn tips. He invited a very beautiful girl to sit at the counter and collect money, so that the male customers would be fascinated and generous. Unexpectedly, the girl said to her boss within a few days after going to work: "I think I am not as beautiful as before." The boss quickly asked: "What's going on?" "Now, all the male customers are here The change given to them was repeatedly counted at the counter. "

The Catfish Effect

Spaniards love to eat sardines, but sardines are very delicate and are extremely unsuitable for the environment after leaving the sea. It won't take long for it to die. In order to extend its life span, local fishermen came up with a way to put several catfish, the natural enemy of sardines, in a transport container. In order to avoid being eaten by natural enemies, sardines swim quickly in a limited space, but maintain their strong vitality. This is the catfish effect in economics. In order to survive and develop better, fearful people will inevitably work harder than others, and the harder they work, the faster they can run. ○

Halo effect

Halo originally refers to the blurred phenomenon that occurs when the moon is enveloped by a halo. The halo effect is a common psychological phenomenon, that is, when evaluating a person, a strong and clear perception of one of his qualities often obscures other qualities.

If graduates can skillfully use this halo effect and fully demonstrate their own advantages when applying for jobs, they will definitely leave a deep impression on the recruitment examiners and win their appreciation. Achieve interview success. For example, when a recruiter asks about your English proficiency, and you converse with him proficiently in English, it will inevitably arouse the recruiter's great interest, and he is likely to make a "deal" with you on the spot. But when using this effect, you must be careful not to deliberately create a "halo" effect. That kind of vain behavior is often counterproductive

The barrel effect

In management There is a famous "barrel theory", which refers to using a wooden barrel to hold water. If the wooden boards that make up the wooden barrel are uneven, the capacity of the water it can hold is not determined by the longest wooden board in the barrel. It is determined by the shortest board in the barrel, so it is also called the "short board effect". It can be seen that in the development process of things, the length of the "short board" determines its overall development level. Just like, the quality of a product depends on the component with the lowest quality, rather than the component with the best quality; the overall quality of an organization does not depend on the quality of the best elements of the organization. Rather, it depends on the quality of the most general elements in this organization. ...This phenomenon is often called the "barrel effect" in management science.

What inspiration does the "barrel effect" have for you?

The Matthew Effect

There is such a story in the Matthew chapter of the Bible: “A man was about to go to a foreign country, so he called his servants and handed over his property to him. Give them each one according to his ability: one was given five talents, another was given two talents, and the one who received the five talents went to a foreign country. , and he made another five talents. But the man who had received the one talent went and dug up the ground, and hid his master's money. After a long time, the master of those servants came. , and settled accounts with them. The man who had received the five talents came with the other five talents, and said, Lord, you gave me five talents, and look, I have gained another five talents. The master said, "Okay." You are a good and faithful servant. You have been faithful over a few things, but I have put you in charge of many things. Come in and enjoy the joy of your master. Give me two talents, and look, I have earned another two talents. Well, good and faithful servant, my master said.

You have been faithful over a few things, but I have made you ruler over many things. You can come in and enjoy your master's happiness. And he who had received the one talent also came and said, Lord, I knew that you are a hard man, reaping where you have not sown, and gathering where you have not scattered. I was afraid, so I went and hid your one talent in the ground. Look, your raw silver is here. The master answered and said to him, You wicked and lazy servant, for you know that I reap where I have not sown, and gather where I have not scattered. Just leave my money to the money changers, so that when I come, I can get it back with interest. Take from him the one thousand and give it to the one who has ten thousand. To everyone who has, more will be given, so that he will have an abundance. From those who don’t have it, even what they have will be taken away from them. "

Scientist Robert Merter calls the phenomenon in the story the "Matthew Effect" - that is, once any individual, group or region achieves success and progress in a certain aspect, it will produce By accumulating advantages, you will have more opportunities to achieve greater success and progress.

The "Matthew Effect" is everywhere in real life.