The name of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

The history of the Royal Mounted Police can be traced back to the newly established Canada. 1867 after the foundation of the Canadian Federation, the first prime minister, Sir MacDonald, immediately negotiated with the Hudson's Bay Company to purchase land. In just a few years, Canada has changed from a small country in the eastern corner of North America to a continental Wan Li power.

However, the land purchase treaty does not allow the federal government to control large areas of land in the west. There, there are no government agencies, no roads, and Ottawa's legal orders cannot be enforced. In addition, illegal bootleggers and poachers from the United States took advantage of some people's guns to dominate the country, even built forts, dared to confront small-scale troops, and showed no concern for Canadian laws. These Americans not only hit the reputation of the young Canadian federal government, but also became a hidden danger of unrest in the northwest.

In order to enforce the law and maintain order in the northwest and safeguard the sovereignty of the Canadian government in this area, Sir MacDonald appealed to Queen Victoria and applied for the establishment of a mobile police force in the west, which was approved.

Preparing a mobile army needs to raise a lot of money. Sir MacDonald, who is not well off, thought about it for a long time and planned to come back next year, but a sudden bloody attack disrupted his plan.

At the beginning of 1873, some drunken American poachers suddenly attacked a settlement in Boya, Asini (now southern Saskatchewan), where the old people, children and women were caught off guard and slaughtered without resistance. The reason why the Americans attacked was that the horse was stolen, and afterwards they realized that they were lost, which had nothing to do with the local residents. The attack not only caused extreme panic among Canadians and Indians in this area, but also shocked and angered the Federation. So, on May 23rd this year, Sir MacDonald made up his mind to form the Northwest Mounted Police immediately.

The first batch only recruited 150 mounted police. As soon as the notice was posted, hundreds of people came to apply, including young people who were tired of city life and wanted to take risks, and farmers who wanted to get a job in government departments and live on regular checks. In the recruitment requirements, the applicant should pass the written test and present a letter of recommendation, indicating that his behavior is good. However, no one has enough time to get such a job, so the employer does not overemphasize the importance of recommendation letters. If not, face-to-face tests will be conducted.

The written test is very simple. Fill in your name, choose whether you are male or female, meet the requirements of 18 to 40 years old, whether you can read and write English and French, whether you can ride horses, be in good health, be 5 to 8 feet tall, weigh at least 175 pounds, and have a chest circumference of 35 feet. Meet the above conditions, you can become a Canadian Northwest Mounted Police. Then swear, pack your bags. The oath said: "I, XXX, solemnly swear to perform all tasks that Northwest Mounted Police should complete in good faith and obey orders and instructions. God bless! " When it's all over, we can go to Fort Garry in Manetho for training.

The standard equipment of Northwest Mounted Police is: helmet, red uniform, a pair of boots, war horse, spear, carbine and trench bag. This kind of clothing, which has not changed much so far, is actually the standard of British dragoons (musketeers). In fact, although the Northwest Mounted Police is called "Police", it is actually based on the military establishment. Many instructors and policemen just came out of ordinary soldiers.

After the conscription, the commander-in-chief of Northwest Mounted Police, George Arthur French, spent a whole autumn and winter training this miscellaneous army. Later, I went to Ottawa to recruit 150 new people, and made up 300 people to prepare for the road.

On July 8th, 1874, the reorganized Northwest Mounted Police officially marched westward. This team of more than 300 people is driving 338 war horses, 73 carriages, 142 cows, and more than 20 drivers are pulling165,438+04 big boxes and 2 field guns, driving 93 livestock. The Long March team stretched for 8 kilometers. Wearing a red jacket, a white helmet and long leather shoes, the mounted police are heroic and arrogant.

The arrival of the Northwest Mounted Police indicates that their lawless days are coming to an end. However, it is not easy to reach the northwest safely. Northwest Mounted Police along the Canada-US border all the way to the west, sleeping in the wind, sleeping at night, always facing the wrong drinking water source, threatened by snow everywhere. To make matters worse, as an important means of transportation for mounted police, horses come from the East and are completely unaccustomed to the harsh environment and aquatic plants in the West, and the losses are very serious. Fortunately, the mounted police have sufficient funds to buy supplies and rest equipment all the way, so that the whole army will not be wiped out on the grassland.

After a lot of hardships, the Northwest Mounted Police finally arrived at the camp of bootleggers in Albania-Upapur. However, long before the Mounted Police arrived, these fugitives fled without a trace, with their tails between their legs. The first battle was closed on empty air, and the Mounted Police looked very depressed, but they were prepared to wait for it for a long time, and there were many opportunities for competition in the future!

Mounted police built Fort mcleod as their base camp in a meadow. Subsequently, the residential buildings in Fiona Fang, Fiona Fang were swept aside, and many bandits, road bullies and wine merchants were arrested and sent to court for serious treatment.

The next task is how to introduce Ottawa's law and order into this vast land, including today's Manetho, Saskatchewan and Alberta. At that time, there were only 300 officers from the Northwest Mounted Police, and the task was very arduous. In order to successfully complete the task, the mounted police had to act alone and enforce the law on the vast grassland alone. Fortunately, the mounted police have established a good reputation in the local area, and with the assistance of local residents, patrolling has become easier.

With the gradual expansion of Mounted Police's law enforcement scope, a number of relatively large outposts have been built, such as Fort Worth (today's Cipres Hill inter-provincial park), Fort Saskatchewan (25km northeast of Edmonton), Fort Bater (located at the intersection of saskatchewan river and Bater River) and Fort Calgary, which are all strategic locations. From these large outposts to the surrounding areas, more small outposts were built, usually consisting of simple barracks, stables and corrals. Each post is guarded by several mounted policemen.

Since its establishment, the Northwest Mounted Police has been deliberately safeguarding the fairness of law enforcement and ensuring that Indians and whites are treated fairly. Therefore, they were trusted by Indians and called them white brothers. Later, the federal government negotiated a land purchase treaty with the Indians to mediate the conflict with the white pioneers, and the Northwest Mounted Police played an active role in it.

1883, the Northwest Mounted Police was expanded to 500, and was given many new responsibilities, including maintaining public order during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. 1885 After the Medici Rebellion (Northwest Rebellion) led by Louis Rael, this police force increased again, reaching 1000.

1888, Lawrence W.Herchmer, commander-in-chief of Northwest Mounted Police, established the patrol network system of Mounted Police. One or two mounted police patrol for several days at a time. Mounted police had to visit settlers and patrol carriage roads and narrow paths. Mounted police will help residents along the way whenever possible. They will deliver messages and collect information from Regina's headquarters. Only 1888, the northwest mounted police patrol more than one million miles.

As a Northwest Mounted Police, you must be enthusiastic about your work, otherwise you can't persist in that boring environment. There was once a trumpeter who joined the Northwest Mounted Police at the age of 15 and never returned to his hometown for 14 years. This is unthinkable today.

Northwest Mounted Police also promoted the development of the western region. Since the completion of outposts of different sizes, Mounted Police also welcomed many other colleagues, including doctors, surgeons, chefs and blacksmiths. Some outposts also have carpenters, armorers and saddle builders. These people help mounted police build houses, repair carriages and polish guns. Later, many people run their own businesses in communities near the post office.

With the establishment of the Northwest Mounted Police Post, the area around the post quickly developed into the seat of the town. Sharp-eyed businessmen know that these mounted policemen have plenty of money and need tobacco, soap, razors, stationery, favorite food and some luxuries. They also come here to set up shops. Nowadays, many western towns, such as Calgary, the economic center of Albania and the hometown of Prime Minister Harper, have been established in this way.