The life of Maudslay's characters

From the middle of18th century to the middle of19th century, the British machinery industry made rapid progress. The roller invented by White Bauer changed the textile from manual movement to mechanical movement. At first, it replaced manual work and used various machine tools in mechanical processing. The development of industries such as industry and agriculture is inseparable from machines. To make a machine, the lathe plays the role of the mainstay, or it can be said that the lathe is the "mother of the machine". It can be seen that the invention of lathe has almost the same effect and influence on the development of the whole industry as the invention of steam engine.

When it comes to steam engines, people immediately think of Watt. In fact, it was not Watt who first invented the steam engine. The steam engine really played its due role because of Watt's fundamental improvement on the steam engine.

Similarly, when it comes to lathes, people immediately think of Henry Maudslay. In fact, Maudslay was not the first person to invent the lathe, and it was only after he creatively improved the lathe that the lathe was really born. Therefore, it is completely correct for people to call Maudslay "the father of lathes".

/kloc-in the 0/8th century, the improvement and invention of British machinery industry were continuous and changing with each passing day. As a result, it even affected the social structure, which is the famous British industrial revolution in world history. I had no formal education when I was a child. When I was twelve years old, I worked in a weapons factory, making shells in Modsley, and worked for about two years.

When I was fourteen years old, I went as an apprentice with a joiner. However, Maudslay has always been deeply interested in machinery, but he has never played with machinery directly.

/kloc-When he was 0/5 years old, he persuaded his parents to be apprentices in a blacksmith shop near his home, processing iron products. He worked very hard and became an effective assistant in a short time, so he learned the good craft of working metal with one hand. He has mastered several manual skills as the basic skills of a mechanic, among which the ability to use a file is the highest, reaching the point where no one can surpass it.

At that time, there was a habit in England that apprentices had to work for seven years in a row before they could eat enough. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, families and factories need to be locked to prevent theft, and individuals need to protect their personal safety. In addition, due to the continuous improvement of people's living standards, many people have items such as clocks and watches that were only owned by upper-class people in the past. Therefore, it is necessary to mass-produce small civilian department stores such as locks, watches and clocks as soon as possible. /kloc-after the 0/8th century, many locksmiths and clockmakers appeared all over Europe. Moreover, these people have played an extremely important role in promoting the development of mechanical technology.

In Britain, locksmiths and clockmakers are also excellent mechanics. At that time, Joseph Brama, a famous British manufacturer of safety locks, was an authority on mechanical manufacturing technology, and his factory became a place that everyone who wanted to be a real mechanic yearned for.

When mauds lay 18 years old, his seven-year apprenticeship had not yet expired. Just when Brama wanted to hire a helper, Modsley wanted to enter the factory in Brama one day in advance to study and improve his skills. Brama is very demanding. After being introduced, Brama gave him a strict inspection. Maudslay is convinced of his skills. Brama saw that Maudslay had successfully completed various technical evaluation projects proposed by himself and decided to hire him. Maudslay is regarded as a highly skilled engineer, and he became a disciple of Brama, as he wished. Due to Brama's superb technology, strict requirements and role models, Modsley soon became an excellent technician. Machining metal requires a lathe. Lathe existed before Maudslay, but it was not perfect. It was invented according to this principle-when people eat apples, pears and other fruits, they should peel them first: one hand turns the apple, and the other hand inserts the fruit knife into the peel and slowly turns it round and round, so that the skin is peeled evenly, and an apple can peel off a whole long skin.

Today, it is a matter of course that lathes have feed boxes. However, there was no such feed box on the lathe a long time ago. In order to make small mechanical parts, locksmiths and clockmakers need to assemble their own small lathes and use them for processing.

At that time, lathes could only be used to process wood. The carpenter stepped on the pedal with his foot to turn the lathe, and the hand-held cutting knife touched the stick, and the sawdust was cut off. This makes the stick smoother. Later, some people improved the lathe, but the improved lathe still depends on the intuition and experience of the carpenter's opponent's tools. So the parts cut in this way are not accurate. Maudslay worked in Brama for eight years. Because he likes to engage in machinery, he is very active in his work, and soon all kinds of skills have reached a higher level. He is regarded as the most talented mechanic in Brama factory. He soon became the chief engineer. Maudslay's technology has been rapidly improved here. Not only that, he also has a very correct and keen eye for new things in mechanical technology. In addition, he also has an accurate judgment on the development trend of mechanical technology.

Maudslay noticed such a problem when making locks, that is, in order to meet the demand, if the lock is made by hand, its output will not meet the demand. At the same time, he also considered the need to use machinery for mass production. Therefore, he thinks it is necessary to improve the existing machine tools in the past.

According to this idea, Maudslay began the development of lathes. One of the first problems he encountered was that after the machine started, the speed was high and the strength was great, so the bed was easy to move. He made a bed out of cast iron, and the problem of easy movement of the bed was solved. Then, he installed a sliding tool rest on the lathe bed to mesh with a thick lead screw, so that the sliding seat can move left and right, and the tool can be fixed on the sliding tool rest. The tool rest is also equipped with a handle, which can make the tool move back and forth by shaking the handle, so as to control the dosage of gear tool during machining. Therefore, this kind of tool holder can solve the contradiction between before and after, without dead ends, and achieve flexibility. On this lathe, parts of any size can be machined as required. 1794, he made the automatic feeding device of the cutting machine-the feeding box. At this time, he also designed the sealing device of the hydraulic press pump. When Maudslay was 26 years old, it was his eighth year in the factory in Brama. Due to the difficulties of life, he asked Brama to increase his salary, but he was rejected. So he started a new factory at 1797. Maudslay's factory accepted the first order, and he carefully produced high-quality products with the right size. And gained credibility, and then the order came. Because of his high technology, the small factory prospered quickly, and later hired 80 employees, and the factory grew bigger and bigger.

The first big order of Maudslay factory was pulley ordered by Admiralty. 180 1 year to complete the drawing, 1802 to complete all the mechanical equipment for making pulleys. To this end, Maudslay produced 44 machine tools. And the navy's order was successfully completed.

Maudslay is determined to make new inventions in his factory. Of course, this also includes that he improved all kinds of machinery in the past and made new tools at the same time. In a word, he racked his brains to study new technologies.

The pulley manufactured by Maudslay is a facility of Portsmouth Port and has been used for a long time. Therefore, Maudslay's reputation is growing day by day. Maudslay became a real mechanic. At that time, many mechanical technicians in Britain were very active, but among them, Maudslay was recognized as the highest authority. In addition, it also guides the British machinery industry.

18 10, the factory in Maudslay was moved to lampson and expanded. At the same time, it absorbed a * * * investor and established the Maudslay Layfield Chamber of Commerce, which suddenly developed into a machine tool manufacturer.

Moreover, Maudslay attached great importance to invention, and he newly designed the boiler steel plate engraving machine, which changed the manual engraving process into machinery.

In order to improve the production efficiency, Maudslay especially wants to improve the machining quality, so he wants to improve the lathe. According to his rich machining experience, he thinks that two problems must be solved first in developing a new lathe: first, the pedal should be changed into a motor, that is, the start should be replaced by a steam engine instead of two feet; The second is to change manual cutting into automatic cutting, and try to make a very flexible tool holder and fix the knife on the tool holder.

Because Maudslay has further improved the lathe, this kind of machine tool can automatically feed by meshing the feed box mentioned above with the lead screw installed on the lathe. Compared with the previous thread processing machine, it can process very accurate threads. Several gears are used to connect the spindle and the screw. After the machine is started, the rotation of the gear drives the screw to rotate. Only by changing gears with different sizes can the rotation speed of the screw be changed, so that screws with different pitches can be automatically processed.

Because of the combination of gears, this thread processing machine can change the speed of the lead screw in multiple stages, so it can easily process threads with different pitches. Maudslay's invention was made and assembled by his disciples Clemet and Whitney.

Machine tools produced by Maudslay factory shall be stamped with Maudslay's seal. When making machine tools, Maudslay tries to simplify its structure and has a beautiful and exquisite appearance. In addition, try not to use parts with acute angles.

Lathe with feed box and disciples

The lathe with feed box invented by Mozley is characterized by not only the feed box, but also the whole lathe is made of metal. With the metal bed, the machine tool is more durable. At the same time, the machining accuracy is greatly improved.

We should not forget Maudslay's great contribution to improving the accuracy of machine tools. In this way, Maudslay created a real machine tool for machining manual workpieces.

Maudslay is not only an excellent mechanical technician, but also an excellent educator. Among the many technicians who have worked in Maudslay factory, there are several excellent mechanical technicians. In the years after Modsley's death, these people shouldered the heavy responsibility of developing the British machinery industry. Therefore, Maudslay has also made outstanding contributions to the training of mechanical technicians, and is worthy of being a generation of famous teachers. Great teachers make great teachers, and james naismith, joseph whitworth, Joseph Klaemt and others are his excellent disciples. Maudslay, height 185 cm, normal physique, plump face and good sense of humor. He is a highly respected man.

1797, mozley invented a successful lathe. This invention is of epoch-making significance, which marks the beginning of a brand-new machine manufacturing era.

After the invention of this lathe, it was not made public immediately, but was secretly used in Maudslay factory for a long time before it spread. The genius of Maudslay is that he invented the tool rest. Tool rest is the core of machine tools, and various machine tools, such as planer, drilling machine and boring machine, which appeared one after another, can not be separated from the operating frame. Therefore, people call Maudslay "the father of lathe". 1830, he went to visit a seriously ill French friend. On his way home, he caught a bad cold and went back to rampas for a short rest. However, perhaps related to this cold, he died on February 183 1 at the age of 59.