What is the general situation of Norway's oil industry?

Norway is a new oil-producing country. Norway, once known as a European fishing village and listed as one of the poor countries, used the wisdom of its people and absorbed the world's advanced technology, and discovered oil that changed its fate during Christmas 1969. After more than 30 years of development and innovation, Norway's oil and gas industry has become an important pillar of Norway's national economy and enjoys a world-renowned reputation. Norway is one of the top ten oil producers in the world and the largest oil producer in northwest Europe. It is also the second largest oil exporter in the world after Saudi Arabia. The export of Norwegian oil and gas, especially natural gas, is not only the most important factor for Norway's economic income and growth, but also one of its important diplomatic means. Norwegian offshore oil exploitation technology, especially offshore platform and underwater drilling technology, is leading in the world.

I. Resources and reserves

According to the latest statistics, as of June 65438+1 October12009, Norway has proven oil reserves of 6.7 billion barrels, making it the largest oil reserve country in Western Europe. In 2008, the average daily oil production in Norway was about 2.47 million barrels, while the daily consumption was only about 2 1.7 million barrels. In 2008, Norway was the sixth largest net oil exporter in the world, exporting about 2.25 million barrels of crude oil every day.

As of June 2009, 65438+ 10, the domestic refining capacity in Norway was 365438+500,000 barrels per day. There are two major refineries in Norway: Slagen refinery operated by ExxonMobil, with a refining capacity of 65,438+065,438+500,000 barrels per day; The Mongstad refinery operated by Statoil Norway has a refining capacity of 200,000 barrels per day. Norway is a major supplier of gasoline and diesel in the European Union, because these fuels produced by Monstad refinery meet strict European environmental protection standards. Statoil dominates the domestic oil retail market in Norway.

Second, oil and gas production.

In the past 40 years, Norway's offshore oil industry has been constantly innovating. In fact, it was in 1969 that offshore oil was discovered in Norway. Norwegians often say that Norway is very lucky. Before the discovery of offshore oil, Norway was one of the poorest countries in Europe. However, due to the small population, the current population is only 4.78 million. Due to the discovery of North Sea oil, Norway has become the richest country in the world in the past 40 years. In recent years, through continuous innovation, Norway's offshore oil industry has been constantly innovating, from the heavy platform of concrete to the diesel oil of the whole FPSO, and then to the development of the largest onshore LNG terminal in Europe, including the whole deep-water natural gas field with a depth of 800. It was an American company that first discovered offshore oil in Norway, which is now called ConocoPhillips. The project discovered at that time is still in operation, and there are new discoveries. The most important oil field in Norway's North Sea is expected to produce crude oil in 2050.

Norwegians are very smart. After discovering offshore oil, they did not put this wealth in a government department or an institution, but turned this industry into the wealth of the whole people. At the same time, they turned the traditional shipbuilding industry (because Norway is very leading in the traditional shipbuilding industry) into Norway's offshore oil industry, from shallow water to deep water, turning it into the locomotive of the whole national economy. In many aspects of government-led policies, Norway has much to learn from China. At the same time, Norway has established an admirable triangular partnership model. Because the industry has produced real demand, this demand is a real problem encountered in production. Through the research and development of universities and companies, this product will be industrialized to truly produce a mature product that can be sold in the market. The triangular relationship in this respect is the close cooperation among industry, research institutions and universities. After the country produced oil, Norway invested a lot of money in basic research and development, so that 40 years later, although it was not the Norwegians who discovered oil at that time, now the Norwegians have mastered all the core technologies of offshore oil, especially deep sea, and many of them are from Norwegian companies.

Relying on the advantages of technology and resources, Norway's crude oil output is slower than that of Britain, and the problem of oil and gas resources has become the pride of the oil and gas industry in Western Europe (Figure 2 1-2 and Figure 2 1-3).

Figure 2 1-2 Changes of crude oil production in Norway over the years

Figure 2 1-3 Changes of Natural Gas Production in Norway over the Years

Norway has 20 oil and gas pipelines and 7 onshore facilities to provide services for oil and gas transportation and concentration. Among them, in addition to the pipelines exported to Norway, there are 8 natural gas pipelines and 2 oil pipelines exported to Europe. There are five natural gas pipelines to the south, namely Norpipe (diameter 36 inches, total length 440 kilometers), Europipe 1 (diameter 40 inches, total length 650 kilometers) and Europipe 2 (diameter 42 inches, total length 650 kilometers). These three pipelines all pass through Emben and Zeepipe (with a diameter of 40 inches and a total length of 8 14km) to Zeebrugge and Norfra pipeline (with a diameter of 42 inches and a total length of 860km) to Dunkirk. There are three pipelines to transport natural gas westward to St. Fergus; The two pipelines transporting oil to the west are Norpipe (34 inches in diameter and 354 kilometers in length) in Tiside, England, and Cruden Bay in Scotland. The pipeline starts from the offshore oil field, is connected with the pipeline at sea, and is connected with the onshore facilities as required. On the coast of Norway, there are about 8000 kilometers of pipelines in total.