An in-depth analysis of the Battle of Civil Fort is a battle doomed to failure from the beginning.

After reading Ming Fenghua, you will know that the early Ming Dynasty is brilliant. Unfortunately, here in Zhu Qizhen, Ming Yingzong, such a great failure happened. We can't help asking, why is this the result?

Let's talk about the general process of this battle first: In July of the 14th year of Ming Dynasty, Mongolian ministries sent troops to invade China, and Guru Wala led 90,000 troops to invade Datong, the border of Ming Dynasty. Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen and his minion Wang Zhen led 200,000 troops to the war. The original plan was to go north in Datong and play Walla at the border. As a result, I didn't know until Datong that the Walla army was ready for the war, and the defenders of Datong were defeated many times. When the morale of the army was shaken, the emperor was afraid and returned immediately. On the way, he fought and retreated, and was finally caught up by Valla at Mutu Castle. There is an ambush in front and a pursuer behind. As a result, the whole army was wiped out and the emperor was captured.

This process is very dramatic, and we might as well analyze the reasons for this dramatic result from a military perspective.

Sun Tzu said: to understand the real situation of the enemy and ourselves and predict the possibility of winning or losing the war, we need to analyze it from five points: one is Tao, the other is heaven, the third is earth, the fourth is general, and the fifth is law. We use these five points to compare the Ming army and the Vara rebels at that time, and things are very clear.

At that time, regardless of dissuasion, Ming Yingzong and Zhu Qizhen decided to make personal expedition and made eunuch Wang Zhen as the supervisor. Although nominally personal expedition, but in fact all the military affairs to Wang Zhen, generals everywhere by Wang Zhen, banned. Therefore, the suggestions and difficulties of the bottom generals and soldiers could not be passed on to the emperor, and the emperor's will could not be fully implemented. The army was in chaos, and some generals later tried to kill Wang Zhen. Let alone agree with the monarch's ideas.

On the other hand, the Walla army and its foot soldiers have been fighting all the year round, and they have long shared weal and woe.

The Ming army set out from Beijing on July 16th, which was the rainy season, and arrived in Datong on August 1st. It was stormy on the road, and it rained even harder the next day in Datong. In the past, when Judy, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, marched in Mongolia, she basically chose to go out in early spring, so as not to drag on into autumn and winter, and it would be rainy and freezing. First, the trench is difficult to supply, and second, the firearms of Ji Shen camp can't play a role. So the weather is not good for the Ming army. Of course, it also has an impact on the Walla army, but the impact is relatively small.

Before invading the border, we made a plan with the tribe to divide our forces and fight on four fronts. Take off the flowers and attack Liaodong with five grains, and Ala Zhiyuan will attack Fu Xuan. Don't ride to attack Ganzhou, attack Datong yourself first.

As early as July 1 1 day, Ala Zhiyuan invaded Fu Xuan, and Yang Jun, the son of Yang Hong, commander-in-chief of the Ming army, was defeated and fled to the south. As a result, Dushikou, Longjiang Gate and Huailaiwei, east of Fu Xuan and north of Juyongguan, all fell. At this time, this vast area has no strong defense.

On August 2nd, Ming Yingzong met Yang Hong who was guarding Fu Xuan in Datong, but Yang Hong never mentioned the loss of Dushikou and Maying.

Before that, we will attack Datong first. Datong defenders defended several times before and after, and failed one after another, losing troops and losing troops.

That is to say, at this time, the Ming army went on an expedition all the way, and at the same time, the Walla army had gained a foothold and occupied a superior geographical position, and the route that the Ming army returned later had also been blocked by the Mongolian army. The Ming army has no geographical advantage.

The first is the commander-in-chief. Ming Yingzong pretends to be a eunuch. The army uses the personal expedition to send eunuch Wang Zhen to supervise the army, and all military affairs are handed over to him. Wang Zhen becomes the actual commander-in-chief. In fact, Wang Zhen doesn't know the art of war, but he is determined by his own preferences. When returning from Datong, many people advised the army to return from Zijingguan. But I just walked dozens of miles. Wang Zhen suddenly ordered the army to return from the old road. The reason was that his luggage was taken captive, and then the Ming army's civil fort was attacked.

Secondly, generals on the battlefield can be roughly divided into two categories: one category, such as Zhang Fu, a famous British public servant, is an old man who has never touched a bow or a horse for many years.

There are also soldiers who have been retired for many years, such as Chen Huai, Wang Gui and Gu Xingzu, but they are also greedy and incompetent soldiers who annex land, perform military service privately. When they started fighting, they were mediocre and ignorant.

The other is those who have never been to the battlefield, mostly "second generation honor" and "third generation honor", such as Li Bozhen of Xiangcheng, Shen Rong of Xiuwubo and others, who only attacked for a few years.

Then the Ming army is rotten from commander-in-chief to senior generals and intermediate generals. How can it fight against wolves, tigers and leopards in Wallachia?

This failure, the management failure of the army accounted for a large part of the reason.

The first is the intelligence agency. After the implementation of the Ming Xuanzong policy, it was unable to obtain data from foreign intelligence agencies. What's more, when Ming Yingzong returned from Datong, Jin Yiwei and Yebu Shou (the border intelligence organization of the Ming Dynasty) didn't find the 30,000 Walla troops waiting in front for half a month.

Secondly, the military discipline is lax, although the expedition to the Ming army is huge, claiming to be 200 thousand. However, these non-commissioned officers usually live a corrupt life and their military advisers are of low quality. However, Yingzong ordered a personal expedition. Without any training, he quickly assembled and set off within two days, and there was no fighting capacity at all.

The most important thing is that the logistics supply is not timely, or the logistics support is not planned in advance at all. Before the army arrived in Datong, the army actually began to lack food, and the soldiers were hungry and tired. How could they have the spirit to fight?

In addition to the above five points, the mistakes of the Ming army are far more than these, and Vala bribed Daming officials and knew the deployment of the Ming army like the back of his hand.

The Ming army was not only clueless, but even unprepared for the battle. When the army set out, it was doomed to failure.

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