How to raise chickens in the orchard

Raising chickens in orchards is a common way. So what? Do you know technology? Let's take a look at the methods of raising chickens in orchards that I carefully recommend for everyone, hoping to help you.

Orchard chicken raising technology

I. Infrastructure construction

1. Construction of living room and brooding room. Brick and wood structure, 3.5 meters high, smooth cement on the ground and wall, convenient for cleaning and disinfection. The roof is covered with insulation sand, and the ceiling is used for insulation. The area is determined according to the size of the orchard and the employment situation. The area of the brooding room is calculated according to the standard planning of 40-50 brooding birds/m2 and 25-35 brooding birds/m2, and a feed workshop can be provided when conditions permit. Bamboo and wood greenhouses can be built in the habitat of adult chickens or laying hens, or in places facing south to avoid the wind. The ceiling can be made of FRP tiles or linoleum with straw, which can be flexibly mastered according to the resource advantages of various places. The shed is high in the middle and low on both sides, with a width of 4-6 meters, a height of 2.5-3 meters in the middle and a height of 1.2- 1.5 meters on both sides, and drains are dug around.

2. Prepare lighting, drinking water devices and heat preservation facilities. If the electricity is guaranteed, you can use a thermal umbrella to raise chicks. If there is no guarantee or far away from the village forest orchard, you can use sawdust stove or coal cake stove to keep warm and raise young, use battery lamp, pay attention to smoke exhaust to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning; According to the location of the orchard, the drinking device can directly introduce mountain spring water into the high place or take water from the underground. Plastic drinking fountains can be used for drinking water for brooding in houses: in orchards, bamboo with a length of 2 meters and a big head diameter larger than 12 cm is used for drinking water, and the bamboo trough with a section removed in the middle is fixed with three 20 cm long crosspieces to prevent overturning, and the bamboo trough needs to be cleaned and disinfected regularly.

Second, feeding management technology

1. How to choose a variety If the dual-purpose chicken can lay 130 ~ 200 eggs a year, it can bear roughage, has a wide range of activities, has strong foraging ability, has good disease resistance, is small in size, and has tender and delicious meat, such as Xianju chicken, Jiangshan Pingmao silky fowl, Taoyuan chicken, Zhuanghe chicken and Gushi chicken. If it is mainly used for meat.

2. Stocking scale and hatching month According to the orchard area, 40-50 chickens are released per mu, and 80- 100 chickens are hatched per mu, regardless of gender. Generally, after 4-5 months of stocking in March-May, roosters and hens ready to be eliminated can be listed one after another, because this time is just a good time for orchard grass to grow vigorously, insect feed to be rich and orchard by-products to remain.

3. When and how to feed chicks, full-price pellet feed should be used and gravel should be fed regularly. After stocking, no feed is needed during the day, and chickens returning to the shed at night are fed with corn, wheat, soybean meal or fish meal. Shell powder should be added when laying eggs, and appropriate trace elements and vitamins should be added throughout the whole process, and the feeding amount should be supplemented according to 60% of the feeding amount in the house. Laying hens should not be fed with whole laying materials, otherwise it will not only increase the feeding cost and reduce the quality of eggs, but also affect the foraging ability of chickens in the wild, lose the purpose of stocking native chickens and reduce the market competitiveness of products.

4. Disease prevention: 5-7-day-old Newcastle disease Lasota strain, infectious bronchitis H 120 vaccine, 8-day-old infectious bursal disease attenuated vaccine, 2 1 day-old Newcastle disease Lasota strain and infectious bursal disease attenuated vaccine, infectious bronchitis H52 vaccine and 60-day-old Newcastle disease Lasota strain.

Third, matters needing attention

1. It is a common disease for local chickens to break their beaks, peck their feathers and peck their anus in time. The most effective prevention method is to break their beaks at the age of 6-7 days, with the upper beaks broken at 1/2 and the lower beaks broken at 1/3. Vitamin K3 should be added to drinking water three days before beak rupture to prevent bleeding and stress reaction.

2. Correct the regularity in time, weigh regularly, group in time, and delimit the rotation area. According to different weight and male-female ratio, determine the amount of supplementary feeding at night; Secondly, hens that lay weak eggs are picked out with cocks and listed directly, not for laying eggs.

3. Lighting management The lighting management of meat laying hens can be carried out according to conventional methods. Daily lighting management was adopted before 15 weeks old, and the lighting time was gradually increased from 15 weeks old. Pay attention to the intensity, color and time of light. After spawning, the daily light time is 15.5— 16.5 hours, and the intensity is 10 lux. The color of light should not be changed at will.

4. Locked-nest layers are the easiest to hold nests, which is related to breed heredity. The prevention and control methods include changing the environment, increasing green feed and strengthening exercise. At the early stage of brooding, each animal took nearly 0.5 grams of anemone orally, twice a day for 3 days.

5. Prevent the damage of rats and animals. It is easy to be attacked by mice, weasels and other animals when it is first stocked. When laying eggs, pay attention to animals such as snakes entering the spawning nest.

6. Chickens and fruits protect native chickens from foraging and have a wide range of activities. They like to perch high and peck at peels and leaves, which seriously affects the growth and quality of fruit trees. Therefore, bamboo fences or fishing nets should be used around the trunk of fruit trees during the growth and harvest of fruits, and bagging technology should be adopted for fruits. At the same time, when spraying pesticides on fruit trees, we should try to use bactericidal pesticides with low toxicity, high efficiency or low concentration and low toxicity, or put them in the restricted area or ban them 1 week to avoid pesticide poisoning in chickens.

Technical points of raising chickens in orchard

First, variety selection

Raising chickens in orchards is mainly based on grazing, supplemented by house feeding. Because of its extensive production environment, native chickens with strong adaptability, strong disease resistance, rough feeding resistance and diligent foraging should be selected for feeding. Traditional local breeds such as Xiaoshan Chicken, Pudong Chicken, Xianju Chicken and Shouguang Chicken are suitable for orchard cultivation.

Second, the choice of gardens

The selected orchard requires a certain distance from the village, convenient transportation, high and dry terrain and good ventilation and lighting. The ground is sandy loam or loam, which has not been polluted by infectious diseases or parasitic pathogens in the past, and has good air permeability and water permeability. This kind of soil has good drainage and low thermal conductivity, and microorganisms are not easy to reproduce, which meets the sanitary requirements. There should be enough water in the orchard for broilers to drink. It is required that the water contains no germs and food, no peculiar smell and clear water quality.

Third, the chicken house construction

In the middle part of the orchard where broilers are raised, a simple henhouse with a slope of about 2 meters, a span of 5-6 meters and a length of 10-30 meters is built with earth walls or bricks and felt. The ground should be paved with sand or cement, and the density of henhouses is about 20 per square meter, and it is appropriate to raise 1000-3000 hens per house. The henhouse seats face south or northwest and southeast.

Fourth, stocking methods.

1. Grazing: chickens have just been released in the orchard. In the first five days, the trough and water dispenser should be placed about 1 m near the chicken house to familiarize them with the environment. During these five days, we will still feed according to the original brooding times, and we can gradually reduce the feeding times in the future. When the weather is fine, the chickens will be released from the henhouse in the morning and rushed back to the henhouse at night when it is dark. If it rains, there is a big fruit tree in the orchard to shelter from the rain and chicken feathers are all over the ground, you can still open the door of the henhouse and let it in and out freely. If the fruit trees are too small to shelter from the rain, it is not appropriate to release chickens. If the climate changes suddenly, call the chicken back in time.

2. Supplementary feeding: Chickens can be fed a proper amount of compound feed before grazing every morning, and supplemented 1 times after recalling chickens at night. The amount of complementary food should change with the season. For example, the amount of weeds and insects in the orchard is small in autumn and winter, and the amount of supplementary feeding can be appropriately increased, and it can be appropriately reduced in spring and summer.

3. Epidemic prevention and disease eradication: A set of scientific immunization procedures must be established and vaccination should be carried out regularly. Vaccination of chickens is generally carried out after the chickens return to their nests at night.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) matters needing attention

When spraying pesticides on fruit trees to control pests and diseases, chickens should be driven to a safe place to hide. If it rains heavily, you can take shelter for 2-3 days. If it is sunny, it is necessary to appropriately extend 1-2 days to prevent chickens from being poisoned by leaves and grass sprayed with pesticides. After the chickens are slaughtered, the orchard should be cleaned, and the ground of the orchard can be sprayed with quicklime or lime milk for disinfection. Every batch of chickens in the orchard should be kept at intervals. After raising a batch in one orchard, it is necessary to leave it idle for a period of time and then find another orchard to raise it. This is called "rotational grazing"

Knowledge of raising chickens in orchard

Raising chickens in orchard can not only reduce the cost of pest control and weeding, but also save feed and improve the quality and flavor of eggs and chicken. Chicken manure is a kind of high-quality organic fertilizer, which can be directly excreted in orchard to improve garden soil, enrich soil fertility and increase fruit tree yield. The technical points of raising chickens in orchards are as follows:

Garden and variety selection. It is best to raise chickens in mountain orchards far away from livestock and poultry trading places, slaughterhouses, processing plants, chemical plants and garbage disposal plants, and the shade of orchards should be above 70% to prevent chickens from heatstroke caused by direct sunlight in summer. A protective net should be set around the orchard to prevent chickens from fleeing and natural enemies from invading. Chickens should choose high-quality local native chicken varieties with rough feeding tolerance, wide range of activities, strong foraging ability and good disease resistance.

Build a shed. According to the orchard area and the number of chickens raised, some simple sheds should be built appropriately to provide places for chickens to live, lay eggs, shelter from rain and summer, and avoid interference from rain, sun and accidents. Sheds are mostly made of bamboo and wood, and are built in places where the wind is sheltered from the sun and the terrain is high and dry. The size varies from place to place. The ceiling can be made of FRP tiles or linoleum with straw. The shed is high in the middle and low on both sides, and there are drains around it.

According to the orchard area, the stocking density should be 150 ~ 250 per mu. If the density is too high, the amount of concentrated feed will increase due to the shortage of insects, grass and other feeds, which will affect the flavor of chickens and eggs; The density is too small, the resources are wasted and the breeding efficiency is low.

Reasonable rotation of grazing. The orchard is divided into several plots with screens, and when there is insufficient grass and insects in one plot, it is moved to another plot for grazing. In this way, it is not only beneficial to management, but also can prevent rats, weasels and so on. Avoid invading chickens, bring infectious germs, and help to establish food chain.

Disease prevention and control. The activities of raising chickens in orchards are wide, and it is difficult to prevent and control diseases. In addition to routine immunization, breeders are also required to enhance their sense of responsibility, pay attention to observing and recording the feeding, drinking water, spirit, feces and sleep of chickens every day, and immediately isolate and treat sick chickens when they are found, and take preventive drugs for threatened chickens. Chicken coops and gardens should be kept clean and hygienic, and disinfected with lime milk regularly.

Three Benefits of Raising Chicken in Orchard

First, chickens can weed and kill insects. Chickens have the habit of feeding on grass and grass seeds, which has a certain control and inhibition effect on weeds. According to the experiment, there are 20 chickens per mu of orchard, and the weeds are only about 20% of the control orchard. The number of chickens increases and the weeds decrease. Chickens foraging in orchards can eat most pests on the ground and grass, thus reducing the harm of pests to fruit trees.

The second is to improve the soil fertility of orchard and reduce fertilizer input. Chicken manure contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements needed for the growth of fruit trees. According to analysis, the chicken manure pulled by a chicken in one year contains 900g of nitrogen fertilizer, 850g of phosphorus fertilizer and 450g of potassium fertilizer. If 20 chickens are raised per mu of orchard, it is equivalent to applying nitrogen fertilizer18kg, phosphorus fertilizer17kg and potassium fertilizer 9 kg, which not only improves soil fertility, promotes the growth of fruit trees, but also saves fertilizer and reduces investment.

The third is to enhance the physique of chickens and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The environment of raising chickens in orchard is comfortable, which is beneficial to the growth and development of chickens and reduces the occurrence of diseases. In addition, keeping chickens in orchards away from village huts can avoid and reduce the mutual infection of chicken diseases. Raising chickens in orchards must pay attention to immunity in order to be effective.

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