Special topic: new energy tortures the development of after-sales skills talents

When the elephant turns around in the running, its huge body is still pacing forward inertia.

At present, the "elephant" in the automobile industry is dragging its huge "body" to complete the turn in the direction of electrification. Electrification reorganizes the automobile industry from top to bottom, but the automobile industry is a long and narrow industrial chain with multi-job combination and multi-discipline. After redefining the internal structure, talent system, technical ability and product structure of upstream OEMs and component suppliers in the industrial chain, the ripple effect of electrification on downstream distributors and service providers may gradually emerge.

The same is true in the field of talent reserve. Although electrification has a far-reaching impact on the transformation of the automobile industry, the service industry at the end is still facing a huge talent gap when the automobile enterprises are "removing the rotten muscles" and recruiting talents to cope with the wave of transformation. The "Guide to the Development Planning of Manufacturing Talents" jointly issued by the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shows that in 20 17 years, there will be only 170,000 talents in energy-saving and new energy vehicles nationwide. The demand forecast data shows that the demand for talents in this field will reach 850,000 in 2020 and 6,543,800+200,000 in 2025. Among them, the talent pool of new energy vehicle maintenance technicians is obviously insufficient.

Industrial transformation poses new challenges to after-sales maintenance

Because there are some differences between the internal structure of electric vehicles and traditional fuel vehicles, the "three electricity" core components of new energy vehicles such as motors, electric drives and batteries have replaced the power components such as engines and gearboxes, and the number of body parts has dropped sharply from tens of thousands of traditional fuel vehicles to thousands, resulting in no need to replace engine oil, filters, water tanks and transmission belts for vehicle maintenance, which has greatly changed the maintenance of new energy vehicles and traditional fuel vehicles.

"Because the driving mode is different from traditional fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles do not need to maintain the engine like gasoline vehicles, and regularly change the' three filters' such as engine oil and machine filter. The maintenance of new energy vehicles is mainly aimed at battery and vehicle function inspection. In addition, the maintenance cycle of new energy vehicles is relatively short. Traditional fuel vehicles need maintenance 1 time from 5000 km to 1 km, while the maintenance cycle of new energy vehicles is generally 1 km. " As a new force emerging in the electrification transformation of the automobile industry, the relevant person in charge of Weimar Automobile told reporters that the maintenance of new energy vehicles is relatively easy, which also greatly reduces its daily maintenance costs.

Klaus Aberhart, vice president of after-sales service of BMW, said in an interview with Automotive News that although the after-sales service of electric vehicles has been greatly reduced, dealers will need technicians who are proficient in advanced electronic equipment, automotive computer systems and advanced sensing and communication systems in the future. "In the future, with the improvement of intelligence, after-sales technicians need to have the ability to handle and master the latest iterative driver assistance technology, over-the-air download communication system (OTA), infotainment hardware, software programming and engine mechanics." Aberhart said.

Due to the special dependence of electric vehicles on the electrical system, especially the use of high voltage, higher standards and stricter operating procedures have been formulated for the knowledge and skills of high voltage in after-sales maintenance, and the qualifications of employees have also been standardized. "In view of the differences in professional knowledge and job responsibilities of different groups of people, the qualifications of electrician technicians are divided into three grades from low to high, namely, non-electric operation, system power outage operation and high-voltage live operation. When a new energy vehicle with a voltage value within a certain range enters maintenance, it must be provided with the corresponding level of service by a certified technician. " When talking about the requirements for electrician technicians to maintain new energy vehicles, BMW Brilliance explained.

"In addition to the brand-new power system, electric vehicles also have lightweight materials such as carbon fiber and aluminum. After-sales technicians must master and learn to maintain them." Aberhart said, "At present, the automobile industry needs a new level of technology and skills." ?

The gap of maintenance technicians in the "new era" is still huge

Although the sales of new energy vehicles in China declined for five consecutive months in the second half of this year due to factors such as the sharp drop in subsidies this year, the gradual withdrawal of subsidies next year, and safety concerns caused by spontaneous combustion, industry experts believe that the signs of the current slowdown in sales of new energy vehicles are only short-term pains, and the market prospects determined by the core technology and economy of electric vehicles are already very clear. At the recently held China Electric Vehicle committee of 100 Ventilation Meeting, Gao, Vice Chairman of China Electric Vehicle committee of 100, pointed out that plug-in hybrid vehicles will continue to grow in the next five years, and it is expected to reach its peak in 2025, and the whole prosperity period will last until 2030. By then, the performance-to-price ratio of pure electric vehicles will also exceed the critical point of fuel vehicles and become the "mainstream" of the automobile industry in 2035.

The large-scale popularization of the new energy automobile industry in the future has attracted unprecedented attention, especially in the field of after-sales maintenance, and the relevant talents in the new energy industry are still in the "vacuum period" of development. "At present, there is an urgent need to cultivate practical market service talents who are familiar with the structure and working principle of new energy vehicles, familiar with maintenance methods and skills, and master the relevant knowledge of after-sales service." A chief engineer of the dealer group who did not want to be named said that the professionals currently engaged in the maintenance of new energy vehicles mainly come from the retraining of traditional automobile technicians. At present, the industry urgently needs to recruit students majoring in new energy vehicle maintenance to obtain professionals.

At present, there is still a big talent gap in the after-sales maintenance of new energy vehicles in the world. Statistics show that the gap between automobile sales and after-sales talents in China is 700,000. According to the National Automobile Dealers Association, as the second largest automobile market in the world, the retail automobile industry in the American automobile market needs about 76,000 new technicians every year to fill the expected job vacancies. The data shows that there is a gap of 39,000 automobile technicians trained every year. ?

The gap in talent transformation needs the joint efforts of schools and enterprises.

"At present, the training of skilled talents for new energy vehicles in China's vocational colleges has just started, and it can't meet the needs of the development of China's new energy vehicle industry. Accelerating the training of skilled talents in new energy vehicles has become a very urgent topic for the training of skilled talents in vocational colleges. " Huo Weidong, president of Beijing geely university, said.

At present, new energy vehicles are in the ascendant, which is also an important driving force for China's automobile manufacturing industry to achieve "overtaking in corners", and talent training has become an important driving force for industrial development. At present, vocational schools, as the main export places of auto repair talents, need to set up special new energy majors to train and export new energy auto repair talents in the way of school-enterprise cooperation to make up for the market vacancy.

In addition, our country is also improving the practical ability of college students by increasing new energy maintenance related skills competitions. According to Yan Jianlai, Deputy Secretary-General of China Automotive Engineering Society, in the national new energy vehicle training, China Automotive Engineering Society set up the China University Student Electric Formula Car Competition as early as 20 15, and started the maintenance competition last year, with new energy vehicles as the core and vocational education as the goal, to train maintenance-side marketers and maintenance technicians.

This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.