Basic knowledge of sawing machine working principle of sawing machine

Sawing machine is a relatively simple machine tool, and users will not require their own sawing machine to have the function of machining center. So what do you know about sawing machines? The following is my knowledge about sawing machine, I hope you like it!

Sawing machine classification circular saw

The circular saw blade performs rotary cutting motion and simultaneously performs feeding motion together with the saw box (see figure). Circular saw machine can be divided into horizontal (horizontal feed), vertical (vertical feed) and pendulum (swinging feed around a point) according to the feed direction of saw blade. In addition, there are all kinds of special circular saws, such as shaking table sawing machine for cutting large casting risers; Combined sawing and drilling machine tool.

electric/power saw

The circular saw belt is tensioned on two saw wheels, and the saw wheels drive the saw belt to cut. Band saws are mainly vertical and horizontal. The saw frame of the vertical band saw machine is vertically arranged, and the workpiece moves when cutting, which is used to cut the curve outline of the sheet metal and the molded parts. Saw belts can also be replaced by file chains or abrasive belts for file dressing or polishing. The saw frame of the horizontal band sawing machine is horizontally or obliquely arranged, and it is fed in the vertical direction or in the direction of swinging around a fulcrum, and the band is generally twisted by 40? To keep the serrations perpendicular to the workpiece. Horizontal band sawing machine is divided into scissors type, double column type and single column type. According to the use situation, it can be divided into manual (economical manual feeding and manual cutting) and automatic; According to the automation program using the controller, it can be divided into manual (semi-automatic manual feeding) and full automatic (automatic feeding and automatic cutting); According to the requirements of cutting angle, it can be divided into angle saw (which can cut 90 degrees and 45 degrees) and vertical cutting without angle, that is, 90 degrees.

bow saw

The saw bow with the saw blade moves back and forth, and the saw frame swings around a little. The machine tool has simple structure and small volume, but its efficiency is low. There are two kinds of motion trajectories of the saw blade of the bow saw: straight line and circular arc. When the circular arc moves, the saw bow swings around a small angle, so that each saw tooth has a large cutting amount, easy chip removal and high efficiency. This method is adopted by most new bow sawing machines.

The working principle of hydraulic transmission system of sawing machine is a hydraulic circuit composed of auxiliary components such as pump, valve, oil cylinder, oil tank and pipeline, which completes the lifting of sawing beam and the clamping of workpiece under electrical control. The stepless speed regulation of feed speed can be realized through the speed regulating valve to meet the sawing needs of workpieces with different materials. The electrical control system consists of a control loop, which consists of an electrical box, a control box, a junction box, a travel switch, an electromagnet, etc. It is used to control the rotation of saw blade, the lifting of saw beam and the clamping of workpiece. , so as to realize the normal cutting cycle according to a certain working procedure.

Before the lubrication system is started, oil must be added according to the lubrication parts of the machine tool (wire brush shaft, worm gear box, movable bearing seat, worm bearing, upper and lower shafts of lifting cylinder, and clamping screw on sliding surface of movable vice). The worm gear in the worm gear box is lubricated by 30 # engine oil bath and injected from the oil plug hole at the upper part of the worm gear box. There are oil marks on the surface of the box. When the saw beam is in the lowest position, the oil level should be between the upper and lower limits of the oil level mark. Change the oil after a month's trial, and then every 3-6 months 1 time. The lower part of the worm gear box is provided with an oil drain plug.

The saw blade is driven by a motor installed on the worm gear box, and the motor drives the worm and worm wheel in the worm gear box to drive the driving wheel to rotate through a pulley and a triangular adhesive tape, so as to drive the saw blade wound on the rim of the driving/driven wheel to perform cutting rotation. The feed motion of the saw blade is a hydraulic circulation system consisting of a lifting cylinder and a speed regulating valve, which controls the descending speed of the saw beam, thus controlling the feed motion (stepless speed regulation) of the saw blade. The saw brush rotates at the place where the saw blade produces chips, and rotates with the direction of the saw blade, and is cleaned by the cooling pump with cooling liquid to remove the chips on the sawtooth. The cooling liquid is in the cooling cutting fluid box on the right side of the base, and is directly driven by the water pump to supply the cooling liquid.

Press the stop button, rotate clockwise, the oil pump motor works, the gear pump works, the oil enters the pipeline through the filter screen, and the overflow valve is adjusted to make the working pressure of the system meet the requirements. Otherwise, press the button inward and all motors will stop working. When the clamping button is pressed to clamp the workpiece, the solenoid valve works, the hydraulic oil enters the left side of the clamping cylinder, the right hydraulic oil returns to the oil tank, and the left clamp clamps the workpiece.

When the saw beam descends, the work fixture is pressed down, and the hydraulic oil enters the rod cavity of the lifting oil cylinder through the electromagnetic valve; The rodless hydraulic oil returns to the oil tank through the solenoid valve and the one-way speed regulating valve. When the saw beam descends rapidly, press the descending button, and the hydraulic pressure works through the solenoid valve, so that the oil enters the rod cavity of the lifting oil cylinder, and the oil without the rod cavity returns to the oil tank through the solenoid valve. When the saw beam rises, press the rising button, and the hydraulic oil enters the rodless cavity of the lifting cylinder through the electromagnetic valve; Rod cavity oil flows back to the oil tank through the solenoid valve. When the workpiece is released, press the clamping release button, and the hydraulic oil enters the right side of the clamping cylinder through the solenoid valve; The left hydraulic oil can return to the oil tank through the solenoid valve, and the left jaw moves to the left to loosen the workpiece.

The analog I/O module of the system makes the monitoring of sawing process have extensive significance. For example, as long as the feedback of saw blade deformation is added to the sawing machine, the sawing speed can be adjusted adaptively. Adding servo valve can optimize the speed and position control in sawing process. The management function of the system makes the management of materials and workpieces more convenient. The Chinese interface and real-time graphical status display of the system make the operation more friendly and intuitive. Because the system adopts standard PC, the network management of sawing is more convenient.

Installation and debugging of sawing machine 1. The hydraulic oil on the sawing machine should be filled up, and the sliding and rotating parts should be coated with a layer of oil.

2. Install the saw band on the band saw, adjust the tensioning device (turn the handle on the left side of the saw frame) to make the saw band tensioned to a proper degree, and at the same time adjust the contact of the travel switch so that it just touches the stop and is in an open state.

Third, add enough coolant to the cooling water tank.

Four, after the above preparations, connect the power supply, grounding must be standard and reliable, turn on the power switch (on the electrical control box), start the chainsaw trial operation, according to the direction indicated on the sign, and listen to whether it is normal. During operation, the saw bow automatically descends, so that the saw belt descends to 0.5~ 1mm below the workbench, and the limit switch head automatically rises when it touches the bump. When the height reaches the limit position, whether to automatically stop the continuous experiment for three times. During operation, the tensioner is adjusted to a relaxed state, so that the contact of the travel switch leaves the bump and is powered off, and the experiment is carried out for three times continuously.

Five, check the lifting cylinder device, check whether the saw bow is lifting, reliable and flexible.

Six, check the clamping and loosening cylinder device, check whether the clamping is reliable and whether the loosening is flexible.

Seven, adjust the speed knob to 1 gear (low speed), then adjust the speed to 2 gear (high speed), and repeat the experiment for three times.

Eight, after turning on the main motor power switch, the water pump starts at the same time, and the cooling system works normally. Debug the valve and check whether the coolant is unblocked.

Nine, do a good job in the above preparations, loading clamping and locking, trial sawing.