How to solve the financing problem of technology-based small and micro enterprises?

1. How to solve the financing problems of technology-based small and micro enterprises? (1) Adjust the bank structure system. At this stage, my country’s commercial bank structure system still occupies a high degree of monopoly. Some of the original positioning Urban credit cooperatives serving small, medium and micro enterprises have merged into cooperative banks and local commercial banks, and their service targets have accordingly become large enterprises, resulting in the decline of small and medium-sized financial institutions instead of increasing. This financial service structure not only seriously reduces the financing efficiency of small, medium and micro enterprises and affects the development of small, medium and micro enterprises, but also increases the financial risks of the state-owned commercial banking system. The financial community service model should be reformed and innovated to facilitate the entry of local small and medium-sized financial institutions into numerous local private enterprises, forming a good "win-win" situation for financial institutions and enterprises. Create a policy bank specifically for small, medium and micro enterprises, specialize in credit financing for small, medium and micro enterprises, and specifically solve the financing problems of small, medium and micro enterprises [5]. Such as the Korean Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises Bank, the French Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises Equipment Credit Bank, etc. On the premise of good standardization and standardization, we should build enough small and medium-sized banks to meet the needs of private capital financing, build a financing platform for small, medium and micro enterprises, and at the same time solve the problems of large banks' high service costs for small and micro enterprises and the proliferation of underground credit. (2) Reshaping the risk control system The financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises are mainly due to the lack of credit of financial institutions. The use of emerging technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain can help banks and other financial institutions achieve risk ratings and credit for small and micro enterprises. Management assessment and evaluation. Big data technology can mine and perform correlation analysis on structured and unstructured data such as corporate industrial and commercial data, operating data, recruitment data, financing data, website behavior data, social data, and financial data, and provide corresponding credit scores to provide financial services. Institutions provide credit references. At the same time, small and micro enterprises must also strengthen their own management, gradually improve their credit, and cultivate good credit awareness. Rely on your integrity to strive for financing support from banks and other financial institutions, and consciously accept the management and supervision of industry and commerce, taxation, finance and other relevant departments. Establish account books in accordance with the law to ensure the authenticity and completeness of financial statements, eliminate fraud, self-deception, and impose strict requirements on the enterprise itself. Gradually improving the self-development of private enterprises is of great significance to solving the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises. (3) Innovative Financing Methods In terms of financing channels, debt-for-equity swaps, equity-debt combination and other methods can become the financing directions of small and micro enterprises. In terms of financing, supply chain finance, accounts receivable finance, asset securitization and other methods can be used to improve the financing difficulties of small, medium and micro enterprises. situation. Establish industrial investment funds and high-tech venture capital funds to focus on the long-term development of enterprises, reduce investor risks, and provide financing guarantee for enterprises, especially high-tech small, medium and micro enterprises. Expand corporate equity financing channels, create conditions, improve the capital market, build a platform for qualified small, medium and micro enterprises to issue stock financing, and alleviate the difficulty of stock financing for small, medium and micro enterprises as soon as possible. Vigorously develop the GEM market, gradually streamline the bond issuance review system, relax scale restrictions, expand issuance quotas, improve the credit evaluation system for bond guarantees, and support small and micro enterprises with good operating results and strong repayment capabilities to raise funds through the issuance of bonds. At the same time, banks have built a "green channel" for loans to small and micro enterprises, integrating advantageous resources such as the government, banks, and guarantee institutions to provide concentrated support and support, and promote the priority and accelerated development of small and micro enterprises with the most growth potential. (4) Strengthen policy support. Government departments should provide financial help and support to small and micro enterprises through financial subsidies, tax incentives, loan assistance, etc. Fiscal subsidies are financial aid provided to encourage small and micro enterprises to promote employment, encourage small and micro enterprises to earn foreign exchange through exports, and promote the scientific and technological progress of small and micro enterprises; tax incentives are preferential policies such as tax exemptions, reductions in tax rates, and increases in the depreciation rate of fixed assets. In order to reduce the tax burden of small and micro enterprises; the government's main ways to help small and micro enterprises obtain loans include loan discounts, loan guarantees, direct government loan concessions, etc. [5]. 2. Analysis of the causes of financing difficulties for small and micro enterprises in my country (1) Problems existing in small and micro enterprises in my country: 1. The financial system is not perfect.

Since the vast majority of small and micro enterprises failed to form a scientific and institutionalized management system at the beginning of their establishment, small and micro enterprises generally face a series of problems in financial management, including the lack of sound financial management systems and systems. Have the ability to dispatch internal funds; lack a strict fund use plan, and the capital turnover efficiency is low; lack necessary internal controls in inventory management and creditor's rights and debts, and are highly arbitrary; focus on profits but ignore cash flow management, and consume too much Resulting in insufficient accumulation. These problems have led to weak corporate financial management and chaotic financial account settings, which in turn has exacerbated corporate financing difficulties. 2. Capital is relatively scarce. The main loan method of banks is mortgage guarantee. During the economic downturn, the possibility of obtaining loans through credit guarantee is greatly reduced. However, due to constraints on funds, equipment and other factors, small and micro enterprises have relatively few fixed assets and liquid assets. They also lack real estate and other resources favored by banks and other financial institutions, and cannot cater to banks' loan preferences [2]. Once the capital chain is broken or fragile, the production and operation activities of enterprises will be severely hit. 3. The technical level needs to be improved. At present, small and micro enterprises in my country generally have low technical levels, little support for scientific and technological activities, and uneven regional distribution. In addition, most senior talents work in large and medium-sized enterprises. As a result, small and micro enterprises generally have backward management concepts and weak risk resistance. Moreover, corporate scientific and technological activities are mainly concentrated in first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Financing and financing of small and micro enterprises in other provinces and cities are Development has certain constraints. (2) Problems existing in banks in my country: 1. Banks are not very enthusiastic in providing financing support to small and micro enterprises. Affected by policy uncertainty, banks' loans to various types of enterprises tend to be "polarized." Due to considerations of asset quality and risk returns, the effect must be that most of the credit business of existing banks is directed to large, powerful companies. Medium-sized enterprises and infrastructure construction projects are concentrated, while small and micro enterprises are ignored. 2. There is a lack of small and medium-sized financial institutions that specialize in serving small and micro enterprises. Since the state has not paid attention to the development of small and medium-sized financial institutions for a long time, and most of the time does not allow their existence, it is difficult to form a sound supervision mechanism for small and medium-sized financial institutions [3]. At the same time, small and medium-sized financial institutions have not yet realized the transformation of their operating mechanisms, and the loan market is highly monopolized by large banks. Therefore, small and micro enterprises lack a stable and open financial service ecological environment. 3. The cost for commercial banks to carry out credit activities for small and micro enterprises is high. For a long time in our country, commercial banks have been the main channel for financing small and micro enterprises. The loan business of small and micro enterprises has the characteristics of small single amount and high frequency, which greatly increases the management cost of loan banks. In addition, many commercial banks do not have strict market positioning, and they are very poor in financial support for enterprises. cautious. (3) Problems existing in our country’s government 1. The government’s laws and policies related to the financing of small and micro enterprises have not yet been perfected. First of all, except for the "General Principles of Civil Law", "Contract Law", "Guarantee Law", "Criminal Law" and other credit-related laws and regulations, there are no special regulations regulating credit activities. Secondly, the Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion Law, which aims to solve the financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises in my country, only provides general provisions and does not issue relevant implementation measures and methods [4]. 2. The capital market is imperfect and the entry threshold is too high. In order to maintain the stability of the financial market, the state has policy restrictions on the equity financing thresholds of small, medium and micro enterprises such as the Small and Medium Enterprise Board and the Growth Enterprise Market. Small, medium and micro high-tech enterprises have advantages such as strong technological innovation capabilities, rapid technological upgrading, and short industrialization time for scientific research results. However, they are generally in the entrepreneurial stage, have small production scales, and cannot meet IPO conditions. Excessive financial costs, transaction costs and time costs have become unavoidable practical problems in the financing process of small, medium and micro enterprises. (4) Problems existing in my country’s society 1. The development of my country’s capital market is slow. Compared with European and American countries, my country's capital market is in a stable initial stage. Due to information asymmetry and lack of information exchange platforms, many small and micro enterprises have made investors worried, thus losing the opportunity to use the "wings of capital" to achieve take-off [2]. 2. Financing activities have also experienced “polarization”. High-quality small and micro enterprises with obvious business models, perfect product designs, and good credit standing often become the competition targets of major investment institutions and listed companies. Since these enterprises have relatively abundant funds, their financing needs are not large.

Some small and micro enterprises with development potential but poor current performance are often left out in the market because they cannot find suitable investment institutions or the institutions lack identification capabilities. 3. my country’s credit guarantee system is imperfect. At present, my country's guarantee companies are mainly divided into three types: credit guarantee institutions, mutual guarantee institutions and commercial guarantee institutions. However, some backward places only have policy-based credit guarantee institutions for small and micro enterprises, but there are no mutual guarantee institutions for small and micro enterprises and commercial credit guarantee institutions for small and micro enterprises that are endogenous to the market. At the same time, there are few guarantee institutions, the types of guarantees are single, and it is difficult to find guarantees. There is no mechanism for business cooperation and risk diversification among guarantee institutions in various places, and the degree of organization of the guarantee industry is still very low. The financing problem of my country's technology-based small and micro enterprises has always troubled everyone, but in order to solve this problem, it is completely insufficient to rely on the efforts of one party alone. This systematic and complex project requires the cooperation of multiple parties from all walks of life.* Only by working hard to compete and cooperate and assuming the responsibilities of each department can this problem be fundamentally solved.