Recent Hot Issues and Analysis

(Political Hotspots of Civil Servants' Current Affairs 20 10)

Seven "What do you think"-theoretical hotspots face to face. 20 10

1 Join hands with peers * * * to build * * * enjoyment-how to see the uneven development of China?

◎ Why does unbalanced development cause widespread concern?

◎ What are the reasons for China's unbalanced development?

◎ Why should we attach great importance to the problem of unbalanced development?

◎ How to solve the imbalance between urban and rural development?

◎ How to solve the imbalance of regional development?

2 "recruitment difficulties" caused by thinking about how to treat the employment difficulties.

◎ How is the recruitment difficulty formed?

◎ Why do you want to do everything possible to expand employment?

How to promote the employment of migrant workers?

◎ How to alleviate the employment pressure of college graduates?

◎ How to help people with difficulties find jobs?

3 the great influence of small prescription-how to see the difficulty of the disease

◎ Where is the difficulty in seeing a doctor?

◎ What is the reason for the difficulty in seeing a doctor?

◎ How to make it easier for ordinary people to see a doctor?

◎ How to effectively reduce the burden of medical expenses for the masses?

◎ What benefits will deepening medical reform bring to people?

4 under the blue sky-how to treat education equity

◎ Why is the issue of educational equity concerned by the society?

◎ What are the reasons that affect educational equity?

How to promote the balanced development of compulsory education?

◎ How to solve the problem of migrant workers' children's difficulty in going to school?

5 From "humble abode" to "living in peace"-how to look at high housing prices?

◎ How high is the housing price in China at present?

◎ What is the crux of high housing prices?

◎ Why should we attach great importance to the problem of high housing prices?

◎ How to effectively curb the excessive rise in housing prices?

◎ How to ensure that the masses "have a place to live"?

6 points "cake" promotes harmony-how to treat unfair distribution

◎ What unfair distribution phenomena exist in China at present?

◎ What are the reasons for unfair distribution at this stage?

◎ Why should we speed up the reform of the income distribution system?

How to effectively increase the income of ordinary workers?

◎ How to effectively adjust excessive income?

◎ How to increase the proportion of middle-income people?

7 The wind is just sailing-How to treat corruption?

◎ Why is anti-corruption not "much thunder and little rain"?

◎ Why is it a misunderstanding to say "more corruption"?

◎ How to weave a "skynet" to punish and prevent corruption?

◎ How to promote power to run in the sun?

◎ How to improve the execution of anti-corruption system?

Hand in hand * * * Go * * Build * * * Enjoy.

-What do you think of China's unbalanced development?

Zhejiang Hangzhou Bay Bridge, with a total length of 36 kilometers and a total investment of about1.1.800 million yuan, is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world. This is in China.

In Liuku Town, Lushui County, Yunnan Province, local villagers can only skim the Nujiang River to the other side by zip lines. It only costs 400,000 to 500,000 yuan to build a bridge over the river, but it is very difficult for poor areas. This is also in China.

Chongqing Jie Fangbei business district is full of high-rise buildings and businesses. Colorful neon lights and endless crowds at night reflect the prosperity and vitality here. This is in China.

Just in a poor village in the depths of the mountains in Wulong County, Chongqing, less than 200 kilometers away, for most villagers here, the monthly electricity bill of several yuan is already a big expense. This is still in China.

……

Maybe, who is the real China? Actually, they are all. Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable achievements. At the same time, the problem of unbalanced development has gradually become prominent. The resulting phenomena and problems, like a mystery, make people full of enthusiasm for exploration.

● Why does unbalanced development cause widespread concern?

Our party leads the people in revolution, construction and reform in order to make people all over the country live a rich and happy life. Development is the theme of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the key to solving all problems in China. Since the founding of New China, especially over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, our party has firmly grasped the top priority of development, vigorously promoted the dual exploration of theory and practice, successfully opened up the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and created a miracle on the land of China. -China's economic strength and comprehensive national strength have been greatly enhanced. In 2009, China's GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, nearly 12 times higher than 1978, with an average annual growth of nearly 10%. The proportion of China's total economic output to the world's total economic output rose from10.8% in 1978 to nearly 7% in 2009, making it the third largest economy in the world, ranking second in foreign trade and first in export. -People's living standards have been greatly improved. From 1978 to 2009, the annual per capita disposable income of urban residents in China increased from 343.4 yuan to 17 175 yuan, and the annual per capita net income of farmers increased from 133.6 yuan to 5 153 yuan, realizing a historic leap from food and clothing to a well-off society.

-the level of social civilization has improved significantly. The construction of democracy and legal system has been continuously strengthened, the rule of law has been further promoted, social undertakings such as education, science and health have developed in an all-round way, cultural undertakings and cultural industries have become increasingly prosperous, people's ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality have been significantly improved, national cohesion and centripetal force have been unprecedentedly enhanced, and the whole society is full of vigor and vitality.

However, while all aspects of China have undergone earth-shaking changes, the problem of unbalanced development has become more prominent and attracted people's attention.

For example, there is a big gap between urban and rural development. After the reform and opening-up, the income gap between urban and rural areas once narrowed. In 2009, the per capita income ratio of urban and rural residents was 1.82: 1. From the absolute difference, the difference between the per capita net income of farmers and the per capita disposable income of urban residents in 1978 was 209.8 yuan, and the difference in 1992 exceeded 1,000 yuan, reaching 1242.6 yuan, and reached 12022 yuan in 2009.

For example, the regional development gap is obvious. In the past 30 years, the income of residents in various places has increased substantially, but the income gap between different regions is widening. In 2009, the per capita annual income in the east was 38,587 yuan, while the per capita annual income in the west was 18090 yuan, with a difference of more than 20,000 yuan. From the perspective of inter-provincial differences, the highest per capita annual income in Shanghai is 76,976 yuan, and the lowest in Guizhou Province is 9 187 yuan, with a difference of 67,789 yuan. At present, among the 40.07 million poor people in China, the central and western regions account for 94. 1%.

For example, in addition to the economic gap, there is also a big gap in basic public services between urban and rural areas and between regions. At present, the per capita education expenditure in the western region is only 73.5% of that in the eastern region; Cities have about 70% of health resources, while the vast rural areas have only about 30%. The per capita health expenditure of rural residents is less than that of urban residents 1/4.

For another example, compared with economic development, social undertakings are relatively backward. There is a shortage of high-quality educational resources, and the problem of educational equity is more prominent; The total supply of medical services is relatively insufficient, and the people's response to the difficulty of seeing a doctor is still relatively strong; The social security system is not perfect, and some basic security systems need to be improved; Wait a minute.

It should be said that the current problem of unbalanced development in China is reflected in many aspects and different levels of economic and social development, and we should have a clear understanding of this.

● What are the reasons for China's unbalanced development?

At the end of June, 5438+February, 2009, a TV documentary called "Memorandum of National Conditions" aroused strong repercussions among the audience. This documentary deeply interprets the national conditions of China from a broad perspective and vivid methods, and vividly shows the unbalanced development of China, which makes people have a more comprehensive and objective understanding of the development gap between urban and rural areas and regions.

Unbalanced development simply refers to the uncoordinated, mismatched and unharmonious relationship in the process of development. This is a common phenomenon in the development of human society. No matter in the world or in a country, the imbalance of development process has always existed widely, but at different stages, it must be treated objectively and dialectically, and analyzed historically, comprehensively and concretely. So, what are the reasons for the current unbalanced development in China?

One is natural reasons. China has a vast territory and different natural conditions between regions, which determines that there are "innate" differences in the development of different regions. For example, the eastern region is dominated by plains, with pleasant climate, fertile soil and convenient transportation, occupying innate development advantages; The western region is mostly mountainous hills and Gobi desert, with dry climate, ecological deterioration, traffic congestion, restricted information exchange and trade with the outside world, and many unfavorable factors for economic and social development.

The second is historical reasons. There has been a development gap in China for thousands of years, and the country's economic center of gravity is constantly changing. The Central Plains has long been the economic center of the country. After the Tang Dynasty, especially after the Northern Song Dynasty, the economic center gradually shifted to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southeast coastal areas. In the early days of the founding of New China, more than 70% of the country's industrial and transportation facilities were mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, which accounted for less than 12% of the country's area. Although the state increased its investment and support in the central and western regions during the "First Five-Year Plan" and "Third Line" construction period, the overall imbalance has not fundamentally changed. Since the reform and opening up, great progress has been made vertically in various regions; Compared horizontally, the regional gap is widening.

The third is policy reasons. Some problems of unbalanced development in China are also related to the specific policies implemented in a certain period. For example, after the reform and opening up, according to China's national conditions and the needs of economic development, we implemented an unbalanced development strategy, adopted a policy of actively promoting the development and opening up of the eastern coast, and tilted toward the eastern region in terms of investment, taxation, finance and so on. These policies have injected great vitality into the economic development of the eastern coastal areas and promoted the development of the whole country, but objectively they have also widened the gap between the eastern and central and western regions.

The fourth is institutional reasons. Judging from the actual situation, there are also institutional factors in China's unbalanced development. For example, the unreasonable price system in the planned economy era has a great impact on the widening gap between urban and rural areas and regions. In order to accumulate the funds needed for industrialization, the state kept the low prices of energy, raw materials and agricultural products for a long time, which inhibited the development of the central and western regions and rural areas. For example, under the condition of socialist market economy, due to differences in ideas, funds and management, market competition will lead to the survival of the fittest of different market players, resulting in the "Matthew effect" in which the stronger the stronger and the weaker the weaker, and will also widen the gap between different players in different regions and the same region.

It can be seen that there are many reasons for the current unbalanced development in China, and it is the result of the interaction and influence of many factors.

● Why should we attach great importance to the problem of unbalanced development?

There is a "Kannikin's Law" in modern management, which says that the capacity of a barrel depends on the shortest board, not the longest board. It enlightens us that the overall development of a country depends not only on the parts with higher development level, but also on the parts with lower development level. If we don't pay attention to the coordination between different regions and different aspects, it will restrict the improvement of the overall development level.

Generally speaking, economic and social development is a spiral process, and the balance is relative and the imbalance is absolute. There is a certain degree of imbalance in the economic and social system, which is conducive to maintaining the pressure and vitality of competition, breaking egalitarianism, and promoting the rational flow and optimal allocation of production factors. However, if the imbalance problem persists for a long time, it will also bring harm that cannot be ignored.

From an economic point of view, it will make it difficult for the national economy to maintain steady and rapid development. The long-term gap between urban and rural areas will lead to the slow growth of rural residents' consumption, restrict the growth of total social consumption demand, affect the optimization and upgrading of consumption structure and hinder the transformation of economic development mode. The long-term gap between regions is too large, which will easily aggravate the competition of local interests, lead to local protection, market segmentation and trade barriers, increase economic friction and interest conflicts between regions, directly hinder the formation of a unified national market, and thus reduce the overall efficiency of the national economy.

Moreover, under the excessive development gap, resources, funds and talents from the central and western regions and the vast rural areas will continue to flow into the eastern regions and cities. This will have a serious impact on the development of backward areas and rural areas, which is not conducive to their self-development ability, thus hindering the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

From a social point of view, it is easy to create a psychological gap in the whole society and weaken the cohesion and centripetal force of society. The physical and mental harmony of social members is an important foundation of social stability. Excessive development gap will lead to communication and understanding obstacles, breed indifference, dissatisfaction, opposition and hatred, aggravate social contradictions and affect social harmony and stability. In recent years, in some places, the hatred of the rich is rising day by day, and mass incidents are increasing, which has a lot to do with the excessive development gap.

If the problem of unbalanced development is not handled properly, it may lead to more serious consequences. The historical experience of some countries shows that when the unbalanced development is intertwined with ethnic and religious issues, it often becomes the inducing factor of social unrest and ethnic division.

Whether it can solve the problem of unbalanced development is a great challenge to our party's ruling ability. Unbalanced development, in the final analysis, is the performance of unscientific development; Solving the problem of unbalanced development depends on scientific development. Scientific Outlook on Development was put forward by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as the general secretary, based on the current basic national conditions, summing up China's development practice, learning from foreign development experience and adapting to the new development requirements. It profoundly answers the important questions of what kind of development and how to achieve it, embodies the Marxist world outlook and methodology on development, is an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development, and is a major strategic thought that must be adhered to and implemented in developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Scientific Outlook on Development not only hit the key point of unbalanced development, but also pointed out the direction to solve the problem, which is the fundamental ideological weapon to solve the unbalanced development. Only by unswervingly following the path of scientific development can we gradually promote the balanced development of urban and rural areas and regions and promote the coordinated development of economy and society.

● How to solve the imbalance between urban and rural development?

Chengdu is a typical big city, big suburb and big countryside, and the contradiction between urban and rural dual structure is prominent. In 2007, together with Chongqing, it was designated as the national pilot zone for the comprehensive reform of urban and rural areas, and Chengdu began to promote the reform of urban and rural development. In the past three years, Chengdu has implemented a series of policies and measures, narrowed the gap between urban and rural development, and made positive progress in urban-rural integration.

The exploration and practice of Rongcheng real estate can be said to be a microcosm of China's overall urban and rural development. In recent years, in order to solve the problem of unbalanced development between urban and rural areas, the party and the government have taken a series of important measures to promote the development of agriculture and rural areas. For seven years in a row, the "No.1 Document" for building a new socialist countryside was issued, the agricultural tax was completely abolished, tuition and miscellaneous fees for compulsory education in rural areas were exempted, and a new rural cooperative medical system, a rural minimum living security system and a new rural social endowment insurance system were established. The coordinated development of urban and rural areas in China has reached a new level.

At the same time, we should also see that China's agricultural foundation is still weak and the task of narrowing the gap between urban and rural development is still very heavy. We must persist in coordinating urban and rural development, accelerate the establishment of a long-term mechanism to promote agriculture through industry and bring rural areas through cities, make efforts to make breakthroughs in promoting urban and rural planning, industrial layout, infrastructure construction and public service integration, and promote the formation of a good situation of benign interaction and coordinated development between urban and rural areas. -take strengthening agriculture, rural areas and farmers as the fundamental foothold. "Good wind depends on strength and benefits farmers at the right time." At present, China has generally entered the development stage of promoting agriculture with industry and bringing rural areas with cities, and we have the conditions to provide more financial resources to support the development of agriculture and rural areas. Therefore, when adjusting the national income distribution pattern and making major decisions, we must give priority to "agriculture, countryside and farmers". Continue to strengthen the basic position of agriculture, improve the policy system of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers, take the road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics, and solidly promote the construction of new socialist countryside. Accelerate the construction of rural infrastructure such as drinking water, roads and biogas, start a new round of rural power grid transformation, and improve farmers' production and living conditions. In accordance with the requirements of equalization of basic public services, we will promote social undertakings such as education, health, culture and social security in urban and rural areas as a whole.

-Efforts will be made to promote the allocation of resource elements to rural areas. Accelerate the establishment of an incentive mechanism conducive to the allocation of resource elements to rural areas, and guide elements such as funds, technology, talents and management to gather in rural areas. In 20 10, the central government will allocate 8 183 billion yuan for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, an increase of 93 billion yuan over 2009, and local governments at all levels will also increase their investment accordingly. Actively play the role of rural finance, comprehensively use fiscal and taxation levers and monetary policy tools, and guide more credit funds and social funds to invest in agriculture and rural areas. Encourage college graduates to work in rural areas, and mobilize talents in science, technology, education, health and culture to go to the countryside and enter the village to directly serve the "three rural issues".

-Taking the coordinated promotion of urbanization and new rural construction as the strategic focus. Urbanization and new rural construction are like "two wheels of a car", and only two-wheel drive can advance harmoniously. Adhere to the road of urbanization with China characteristics, promote the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns, focus on improving the comprehensive carrying capacity of cities and towns, and give full play to the role of cities in radiating and driving rural areas. We will continue to take active measures to promote the transfer of rural labor and employment, so that farmers who have the conditions to enter the city can become citizens in an orderly manner and gradually integrate into urban society.

-Taking the linkage of urban and rural reform as the key entry point. To coordinate urban and rural development, we must further promote the reform of urban and rural supporting systems. On the one hand, it is necessary to deepen the reform of agricultural land management, collective forest right, rural finance and land reclamation system, further mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, tap the potential of agriculture itself, and stimulate the vitality of rural development; On the other hand, it is necessary to establish and improve the system and mechanism to promote communication, openness and integration between urban and rural areas, and promote the integration of urban and rural areas and the existing system in public services such as social undertakings, social security, infrastructure and human settlements.

How to solve the problem of unbalanced regional development?

On may 28th, 20 10, China * * * held a meeting in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee to study the general ideas and policies and measures for further implementing the strategy of developing the western region, and put forward the objectives, tasks and key tasks to be done in the next 10 year. On the occasion of the 10 anniversary of the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region, the overall deployment of the next step will not only help promote the new round of development in the western region, but also play a more active role in promoting the coordinated development of China's regions.

10 years ago, in view of the unbalanced regional development, the party and the state made a major decision to implement the strategy of developing the western region. Later, according to the needs of the overall development of the country, the strategy of revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China and the strategy of promoting the rise of the central region were successively implemented, forming a relatively complete overall regional development strategy. In recent years, a series of regional planning and policy documents have been issued. Driven by these regional development strategies and policies, the development speed of the central, western and northeastern regions has obviously accelerated. In 2008, the GDP growth rate in the central, western and northeastern regions exceeded that in the east. In 2009, the GDP growth rate of the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions increased by 10.7%,1.7%, 13.4% and 12.5% respectively, and the growth rate of the western region continued to be in the leading position, while that of the central and northeastern regions. At present, China's four major economic sectors have gradually formed, and regional coordinated development has achieved remarkable results.

Of course, it should also be noted that solving the problem of unbalanced regional development is a long-term process and requires unremitting efforts. Based on the long-term and rational planning, we should further increase the overall planning of regional development, promote the rational flow and optimal allocation of production factors among regions, and gradually form a regional coordinated development pattern with benign interaction between the east and the west, clear positioning of main functions, and narrowing the gap between public services and people's living standards.

First, continue to implement the overall strategy of regional development. Further promote the development of the western region, improve policies, increase investment, strengthen support, and enhance the self-development ability of the western region. Make every effort to revitalize the old industrial bases in Northeast China, improve the long-term mechanism of sustainable development of resource-based cities, and enhance the vitality of economic and social development. Vigorously promote the rise of the central region, making it an important grain production base, energy and raw materials base, modern equipment manufacturing and high-tech industrial base and comprehensive transportation hub in China. Actively support the eastern region to take the lead in development, strive to promote the transformation of economic development mode and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and enhance the ability of independent innovation and international competitiveness.

The second is to actively promote the construction of main functional areas. According to the different requirements of optimized development, key development, restricted development and forbidden development, the spatial scale of land development pattern will be refined, the functional orientation of different regions will be defined, and the regional development pattern with its own characteristics will be gradually formed. Establish and improve the paid use system and compensation system for resource development, and increase financial transfer payments to areas where development is restricted or prohibited. Improve and implement relevant plans and policies, follow the laws of market economy, break the boundaries of administrative divisions, accelerate the formation of new regional economic growth poles, and promote regional economic and social development.

The third is to increase support for underdeveloped areas. Actively support the old revolutionary base areas, ethnic areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas to accelerate development and improve their independent development capabilities. This year, the central government will continue to invest 33 billion yuan to vigorously support the economic and social development of ethnic minority areas such as Tibet and Xinjiang. Further improve the comprehensive development planning of underdeveloped areas, increase investment through multiple channels, strengthen infrastructure construction, and improve the production and living conditions of people in backward areas. Intensify poverty alleviation and development, encourage developed regions to support underdeveloped regions, and form a mutually beneficial mechanism with the government as the leading factor, the market as the link, enterprises as the main body and projects as the carrier, so as to mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties involved in poverty alleviation.

The fourth is to promote the equalization of basic public services. To promote regional coordinated development, it is necessary to narrow the gap in economic development level and realize the equalization of basic public services. Accelerate the improvement of the public finance system aimed at promoting the equalization of basic public services, increase the transfer payment to the central and western regions, and enhance the ability of local governments to provide public services. This year, the central government plans to arrange a balanced transfer payment of 4 168 billion yuan, an increase of 25 billion yuan over the previous year. It is necessary to further clarify government responsibilities, establish and improve the assessment system, and promote the central and western governments to play a greater role in providing basic public services.

"When nine veins penetrate China, there must be a pen of Lingyun." It is the essential requirement of socialist society and the unswerving goal of our party to make all regions and all people rich together. Under the leadership of the Party and through the unremitting efforts of hundreds of millions of people, a China with coordinated and harmonious development will surely be presented to the world.

Viewpoint voice

China needs not only vigorous development, but also coordinated development. One of the basic characteristics of China's national conditions is that the conditions in different regions are significantly different and the development is extremely unbalanced, which can be said to be "one China, four worlds". Regional coordinated development is not only a local problem, but also a global problem; It is not only an urgent economic issue, but also a major political issue. The strategy of "two overall situations" is far-sighted and far-sighted. Without the "first overall situation", there would be no economic glory in China today; Without the "second overall situation", there will be no China with sustained economic development and national unity and harmony. Urban and rural areas "March in haste" and the whole country "play a game of chess".

Ask questions from netizens

Netizen: How to understand the relationship between the reality of unbalanced development and the goal of achieving prosperity?

A: * * * Common prosperity is the greatest manifestation of the superiority of socialism and the unswerving goal of our party. However, it is a long-term historical process to achieve * * * prosperity, rather than equal and simultaneous prosperity. Under the special national conditions of our country, only by getting rich first and then getting rich can we gradually realize common prosperity. Therefore, we cannot deny the goal of * * * getting rich just because of the current unbalanced development; But we can't let the imbalance develop further, otherwise it will eventually deviate from the goal of common prosperity.

Learning point

Seven central "No.1 documents" since the new century

2004: Opinions on Several Policies for Increasing Farmers' Income

2005: Opinions on some policies to further strengthen rural work and improve comprehensive agricultural production capacity.

2006: Some Opinions on Promoting the Construction of New Socialist Countryside

2007: Some opinions on actively developing modern agriculture and solidly promoting the construction of new socialist countryside

2008: Some opinions on strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure to further promote agricultural development and increase farmers' income

2009: Some Opinions on Promoting the Stable Development of Agriculture and Increasing Farmers' Income

20 10: opinions on strengthening the overall planning of urban and rural development and further consolidating the foundation of agricultural and rural development.

Learning point

Regional planning and policy documents issued by the state since 2009

-Regional planning

1. Outline of Reform and Development Plan for the Pearl River Delta Region (2008-2020).

2. Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone Development Plan

3. Jiangsu coastal development planning

4. Overall development plan of Hengqin

5. Liaoning coastal economic belt development planning

6. Outline of China Tumen River Regional Cooperation and Development Plan

7. Plans to promote the rise of Central China

8. Development Planning of Efficient Ecological Economic Zone in the Yellow River Delta

9. Planning of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone

10. Planning of Wanjiang City Belt to Undertake Industrial Transfer Demonstration Zone

1 1. Regional Planning of the Yangtze River Delta

-Regional policy documents

1. the State Council's opinion on promoting Chongqing's overall urban and rural reform and development.

2. the State Council's opinion on promoting Shanghai to accelerate the development of modern service industry and advanced manufacturing industry and build an international financial center and an international shipping center.

3. the State Council's opinion on supporting Fujian to speed up the construction of the economic zone on the west side of the Taiwan Strait.

4. the State Council's opinion on further implementing the strategy of revitalizing the old industrial bases in Northeast China.

5. Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on coping with the international financial crisis and maintaining steady and rapid economic development in the western region

6. the State Council's opinion on further promoting Guangxi's economic and social development.

7. the State Council's Opinions on Promoting the Construction and Development of Hainan International Tourism Island.

8. Opinions of General Office of the State Council on Further Supporting Gansu's Economic and Social Development