Why is Shenzhen's social security base so low?

The low payment base is mainly the pay-as-you-go pension system, and the pressure on the elderly in Shenzhen is not great.

In addition, I personally think it may also be related to reducing the payment cost of enterprises and creating a good business environment, which also provides more employment opportunities, which can not be said to be a bad thing at the macro level.

However, I wonder if friends in Shenzhen have ever cared about their social security payment base.

The biggest influence on the social security contribution base is the pension. I have calculated the employee pensions in Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei and Shenzhen.

Among them, Shenzhen's pension calculation results are the most worrying. Why?

Because Shenzhen's social security payment base is too low.

Shenzhen is one of the few cities in China that can use the local minimum wage as the payment requirement of endowment insurance, and the lower limit is extremely low.

Shenzhen social security base table Shenzhen enterprise endowment insurance payment base requirements:

1. Total salary of employees last month; (In other words, the payment base needs to be consistent with your actual salary)

2. The upper limit is 3 times of the average monthly salary of full-caliber employees in the province last year (the latest data is 8310 * 3 = 24,930 yuan);

3. The lower limit is the minimum wage in this city (the latest data is only 2360 yuan).

In most parts of the country, the social security payment base is 60% guaranteed and 300% capped, that is, the minimum base is 60% of the local average wage, and the maximum base is 300% of the local average wage. For example, in Beijing, even if your salary is less than 5000, you have to pay social security according to the minimum amount of 5869.

On the other hand, Shenzhen is the only city in China that can only pursue two years of legislative social security payment.

Article 20 of the Regulations on Supervision of Labor Security stipulates: "If the violation of labor security laws, regulations or rules has not been discovered by the administrative department of labor security within two years, nor has it been reported or complained, the administrative department of labor security will no longer investigate and deal with it. The time limit specified in the preceding paragraph shall be counted from the date of violation of labor security laws, regulations or rules; Violation of labor security laws, regulations or rules is continuous or continuous, counting from the date of termination. "

Article 40 of the Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone on Social Endowment Insurance stipulates that employees who think that the employer fails to pay the endowment insurance premium for them in accordance with the regulations shall complain and report to the municipal social security agency within two years from the date when they know or should know that their rights have been infringed. Complaints and reports of more than two years, the municipal social security institutions will not be accepted. In other words, for an employer in Shenzhen, even if the employee's monthly salary is 30,000 yuan, the employer can still use 2,360 yuan as the payment base for pension insurance, maternity insurance and unemployment insurance. Therefore, the monthly salary is 30 thousand, and the employer is only social security, which can save 4270.38 yuan a month. Although it is illegal for employers to do so, the illegal cost is extremely low. On the one hand, employees dare not complain about rights protection during their work; On the other hand, if you leave your job after five years of work and complain after leaving your job, you can only pay social security for two years.

1. What impact will a low pension payment base have on individuals? The impact is: take a little more now, and take less and less later.

If the actual monthly salary of employees of an Internet company has reached 20,000 yuan, according to the actual salary payment base of 20,000 yuan, the social security pension part:

Individuals need to bear 20000*8%= 1600 yuan every month, and enterprises need to bear 20000* 14%=2800 yuan.

However, if the actual monthly salary is 20,000 yuan, the payment is only based on 5,000 yuan per month. Individuals need to pay 5,000 * 8% = 400 yuan, enterprises need to pay 5,000 *14% = 700 yuan, individuals pay less 1200 yuan, and enterprises pay less 2 100 yuan.

For workers, the final performance is that the monthly salary may be around 1 thousand. But in the future, compared with those who pay enough every month, the pension may be thousands less.

Let's take this Internet worker with an actual monthly income of 20,000 as an example.

Suppose a 30-year-old woman worked for six years and retired at the age of 55.

Regardless of inflation, social wage growth rate, real wage growth rate and other factors,

Calculate the pension replacement rate obtained from different payment bases (the final data shall be subject to the social security institution):

1. If the actual wage income is 20,000 yuan, social security shall be paid in full according to 20,000 yuan. The monthly pension is 76 19 yuan, and the pension replacement rate is 38%.

20000 basic test results II. The actual wage income is 20,000 yuan, and the social security is paid according to the base of 5,000 yuan (not full). The pension is only 2938 yuan, 468 1 yuan/month less than the full payment, and the pension replacement rate is only 15%.

The salary of 20,000 yuan is only paid at the base of 5,000 yuan. Many job seekers mainly expect to get paid when they join the company, and rarely ask about the payment of social security base.

Although the unit gave you the expected salary, the actual money in your social security may be very small, which is equivalent to a disguised salary reduction.

Moreover, for wage earners, personal income tax is deducted from social security personal contributions before paying taxes. Social security pays less, and natural tax deduction is more. If you want to understand this, you must give this money to your social security, not pay more taxes.

Second, the replacement rate of old-age care determines whether the quality of life will decline after retirement. What is the replacement rate of old-age care? Simply put, it is the ratio of retirement salary to on-the-job salary. For example, if the on-the-job salary is 20,000 yuan and the retirement salary is 1 10,000 yuan, then the pension replacement rate is 50%.

At the beginning of the design of China's endowment insurance system, the average replacement rate was 60%-70% (calculated by 15 endowment insurance, the longer the payment period, the higher the replacement rate).

However, the current average replacement rate for the aged is only about 40%, and this 40% is usually estimated based on the full payment of social security.

According to internationally accepted standards, if the pension replacement rate (referring to the ratio of workers' retirement pension level to pre-retirement wage income level) reaches 70%, the living standard can be basically maintained without obvious decline.

With such a low payment base in Shenzhen, the replacement rate of social security pension may even be less than 20%.

Even if high-paying people pay social security in full, there is also a problem of low replacement rate of social security pension.

At present, Shenzhen's payment base is in line with Guangdong's social wage of 83 10. If a person's salary reaches 30,000, the full payment cannot exceed 300% of the social salary in Guangdong Province, and the payment can only be made according to the base number of 8310 * 300% = 24,930. Then the pension replacement rate may be only 33%.

Third, how to crack it?

1. Try to pay in full or try to raise the base during the working period. After all, 8% paid by individuals in enterprises is actually much lower than 20%+ paid by flexible employees.

You can ask relevant questions during the interview. After all, social security is also your job treatment. When entering a job, some enterprises may write down their wages very low and pay the overall wages in the form of allowances and commissions. , thus reducing the payment base and avoiding the recovery of subsequent employees. So you should also read the contract carefully, raise objections in time, and don't sign it easily. If you are employed in an important position, such as management, there is still some room for manoeuvre. The personnel department may ask you about the social security payment amount of your last company to determine your acceptable social security payment base. It is suggested to talk to personnel according to the proportion of 22% in normal units, that is, 8% for individuals and 0/4% for units/kloc. Don't honestly tell him the real data of your social security through screenshots, unless your family really pays it in full. Leaving your job is a slap in the face. If your social security is not paid in full, then you also have the right to report to the social security bureau and other departments and ask for the payment of the social security difference. In fact, during work, if you find problems, you can actually defend your rights. I don't recommend all older babies to work in their own companies. After all, you still have to eat. What should we do if we are just unemployed? ! The operation of these rights protection is a matter of opinion. After all, the economic environment is not good, and it is not easy to have a job. 2. During the period of flexible employment, do what you can, but try not to pay wages for a long time.

Although the social security benefits for flexible employment are the same as those for employees' social security, flexible employees need to bear all social security contributions (currently 20%). Compared with 8% who work in enterprises, the pressure of payment is greater. It is recommended to do what you can.

Social security has a pot effect. Although people who pay less will not get much in the end, the return on investment is high. After the payment reaches the base of 100%, the return on social security investment will gradually decline. At this time, if there is still spare capacity, it may be more cost-effective to consider using commercial pension insurance to increase pensions.

3. Extend the payment period as much as possible. Judging from the social security calculation formula, the payment period has a greater impact than the payment base.

4. Social security follows the principle of paying more and getting more. If your social security is not paid in full for a period of time, your average base and personal account balance will affect your final social security pension. It is suggested to plan and supplement pension, medical insurance and critical illness insurance as soon as possible, which are buffers to avoid the rapid loss of family cash in the old age. If you have the ability, you can use commercial insurance as soon as possible, and prepare multiple pillars at the same time to ensure a high-quality retirement life.

5. People with personal income tax above 3% can consider using the tax deferred policy of personal pension system to avoid taxes reasonably. However, personal pension is more like compulsory savings of pension money, which will be spent when it is taken out, rather than lifelong cash flow. Pensions still need to give priority to building sustainable and stable passive cash flow. The money sent to you every month can better cope with the risk of longevity. The cash flow pattern and rigid redemption commitment of social endowment insurance and commercial endowment insurance are more suitable for the needs of the elderly.