"Why should we improve the social security system?" Please help me to answer it.

The perfection of social security system does not mean that individuals can enjoy happiness without paying money, but they need both social assistance and personal responsibility, and the proportion of individual contributions will rise. "Social security reform is not a good way to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. Don't think that after the social security system is perfect, individuals can enjoy happiness without paying, then you will be disappointed. " In the 30 years of social security reform in China, the famous economist Zhao Ceng predicted. After 30 years of crossing the river by feeling the stones, China has reached a lot of consensus on social security reform. The reason why the social security system is difficult to transform is that it is necessary to make major new adjustments not only to the interests of the state, enterprises and individuals, but also to the interests of different social groups or interest groups. Everyone's interests are different, so it is naturally difficult to coordinate. Social security reform is a good way to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. In the process of social security reform, farmers have never been the biggest beneficiaries, but the gap between urban and rural areas has widened for the following reasons: First, farmers have not benefited from the appreciation of land transfer, and most of the benefits of land transfer have been diverted by the government and developers; Second, the household registration system has given farmers a deep-rooted label, and it is too difficult to "turn over"; Third, the reverse distribution policy has caused farmers to become victims of the system transition, and they are far behind by the city people. The Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee proposed to stabilize the rural land contract period and allow rural land transfer, with the aim of hoping that farmers can benefit from land transfer and share a piece of the action. The central government has also proposed that the rural income will double by 2020, but I am afraid that the rural areas will still not catch up with the cities. By the end of 2006, only187.66 million people and157.32 million people participated in the basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance in China. In rural areas, the coverage of these two most important social security projects is less than 20%, and there are too many debts owed. Even the subsistence allowances implemented in rural areas in recent years have great differences between urban and rural areas. In 2020, farmers' income will double, and I calculated that it needs to increase by 6% every year. However, according to experience, the growth rate of urban residents must be higher than 6%, and the impact of rising CPI on rural consumption level, no matter how the social security reform is promoted, the gap between urban and rural areas is still difficult to narrow. Social security system is the standard of urban and rural unity. We have noticed that an important trend in the reform of western welfare countries in recent years is to change the single government welfare into mixed welfare, that is, employers and employees should be responsible for social security except the government, and encourage the private sector to participate in the allocation of welfare resources with occupational annuities, private pension plans and medical plans. World Bank officials also pointed out that the pension model of contemporary welfare countries can no longer solve the problems of pension and development. Therefore, they suggest to establish an old-age security system supported by three pillars: one is a public-managed, tax-based old-age security system, which becomes a mandatory public management pillar; The other is a privately managed pension system based on the complete accumulation system (individual account), which is called mandatory private pillar; There is also a pillar based on individual voluntariness, which can be used as a supplement to meet the needs of higher-level security, called voluntary pillar. This system is currently being tried out to varying degrees in many western countries. Because of its mixed characteristics, it is often called partial accumulation system. Starting with the overall planning of urban and rural social security system, China's social security reform has entered a new stage. Especially in today's aging society, we should learn from the experience and lessons of western developed countries. In a short period of time, the social security system of coordinating urban and rural areas can only be said to be "social security in both urban and rural areas" and cannot be simply understood as "unified standards for urban and rural areas". Of course, in the long run, the unified standard of urban and rural areas is the direction of welfare-oriented China in the future, and it will not be realized until the day when social security countries coordinate. Social security pays attention to fairness, but the realization of fairness needs a gradual process. Unified standards can only be from low to high, not from high to low. How to build the rural social security system depends on the level of economic development in China, while the economic growth rate in China is directly related to the expansion of domestic demand, and the premise of expanding domestic demand is to increase farmers' income. Perfecting the social security system depends entirely on state money. There is still an idea among the masses that to establish a perfect social security system in China, everything is covered by the state and only public welfare is needed. I think this view must be corrected. China's social security system is a combination of unified accounting. Although it was controversial at first, it seems right to set up a personal account now. The construction of social security system requires both social assistance and personal responsibility. We used to have a class called "Freshman and Sophomore". Facts have proved that eating the same pot can't last long. Lying on the body of the country to enjoy happiness is lying on the body of other taxpayers-even the high welfare in western countries is based on high taxes. In my opinion, the state can establish a basic social security system, so that ordinary people can get medical care and support for their old age. However, the social security system should not only show mutual assistance, but also show differences, and the existence of differences should be acknowledged. I suggest basic insurance plus supplementary insurance. Supplementary insurance refers to commercial insurance paid by individuals, which is also the recognition of personal value. This standard is also common internationally. It is not that with the deepening of social security reform, individuals will not have to pay fees. On the contrary, with the improvement of the social security system in the future, the proportion of individual contributions will rise. Just like housing provident fund, it is necessary to motivate individuals.

Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.