How to calculate the pension in America?

How to calculate the pension in America?

The retirement policy is divided into three levels.

Early retirement: you can start to receive a pension at the age of 62, but you have to get a 30% discount. For every month of delay in receipt, the discount will be less than one point.

Normal retirement: The Social Security Bureau of the United States has set different normal retirement ages according to different birth dates, such as 65 years for those born before 1937 and 1937, and 66 years for those born between 1943 and 1954. People who retire within the normal retirement age can receive a full pension.

Delayed retirement: if you choose to delay retirement, you can also get delayed retirement points on the basis of the original pension. If your normal retirement age is 66, and you choose to retire at 67, then you can get 108% pension every month. If you choose to retire at the age of 70 or later, you can get 132% pension every month.

This voluntary and gradual retirement system design allows people to make choices according to their own conditions. The proportion of pensions, especially the incentive benefits for delaying retirement, encourages Americans to delay retirement to some extent.

What do you know about American pensions?

Ordinary Americans' pensions are social security retirement benefits. Usually, people have to pay social security tax when they work. Individuals pay 6.20% of their income, and companies also pay the same proportion. If you are self-employed, you have to pay 12.40%.

The normal retirement age in the United States is now 66, but those born after 1960 are 67. To get a pension, you must accumulate 40 points, one point for every 1 130 income, but at most four points a year, so you must work for at least ten years. If the spouse does not work or does not meet the requirements of working years, he can also receive a small pension. If one spouse dies, the other spouse (who must reach retirement age) and minor children will also enjoy social security, which is not called pension.

How to calculate the pension?

The first step is to take the sum of the annual income of the highest 35 years (adjusted for inflation, earning 50,000 in 1980 is certainly much more than earning 50,000 in 20 10, and the Social Security Bureau has an annual inflation coefficient, which is finally converted into the present value). If you haven't worked for 35 years, you will get the income of all working years.

Step 2: Divide the total income by 35 and then by 12 to get the average monthly income.

The third step is to calculate the pension of normal retirement age (taking 20 12 as an example): the first 767 is converted into 90%, the range from 767 to 4624 is 32%, and then 15%. For example, someone's average monthly income is 4762, so his pension is: 767? 0.9 + (4624 ? 767) x 0.32 + (4762？ 4624) x 0. 15 = 1945。

So, at the normal retirement age, what is the pension for Americans of all income levels:

1) The basic salary is 8 to 10 yuan, if the average monthly income is 1400:

If you work 10 years, your pension is 360.

Work for 20 years, pension 70 1.

Working for more than 35 years, pension 892.

2) General income, such as clerks, with a monthly salary of 2,000 to 3,000. If the average monthly income is 2500:

If you work 10 years, your pension is 643.

If you work for 20 years, your pension is 902.

Working for more than 35 years, pension 1245.

3) The median income of full-time jobs, such as primary school teachers and journalists, has an annual salary of 40,000 to 50,000. If the average monthly income is 3500:

If you work 10 years, your pension is 765.

Working for 20 years, pension 1084.

Working for more than 35 years, pension 1565.

4) Professional white-collar workers and other high-paying jobs, the annual salary is 60,000 to 65,438+10,000, if the average monthly income is 6,000:

If you have worked for 10 years, your pension is 993.

Working for 20 years, pension 1542.

Working for more than 35 years, the pension is 2 13 1.

5) If the top-level salary is managed, it exceeds the social security ceiling 1 10000, that is, the average monthly income is 9166;

If you have worked for 10 years, your pension is 1283.

After working for 20 years, the pension is 20 17.

Working for more than 35 years, pension 2605.

So the pension ceiling is 2605 per month. At present, the average social security premium of Americans receiving social security (2065438+March 2004) is 1 185 (this includes all social security recipients, most of whom are retirees, and their average pension is 1298). If you retire early, you can get it at the earliest age of 62, but it is only 75% of the full amount, and it will drop to 70% in the future. Delayed retirement will be rewarded and pensions will go up, so I won't discuss it here.

The dual-track system in the United States

Federal employees and local government employees generally do not participate in social security and have their own pension plans, which generally accumulate 1% to 2% every year according to their working years. Pension is based on the average of the highest income for three or five years multiplied by the accumulated value. If you work for 35 years, accumulate 70%, and the average maximum income is 6000 yuan per month, then the pension is 4200 yuan, which is much larger than the social security pension. The total number of American government employees exceeds 20 million, accounting for 15% of the labor force. In addition, a large proportion of government employees have high wages, which leads to a huge pension gap and has been criticized by public opinion. In recent years, due to the increasing government pension expenditure, some departments such as the post office have abandoned the pension plan and joined the federal social security plan.

40 1K retirement plan

In addition to social security, there are 40 1K or similar plans in the United States. This supplementary pension plan mainly saves money by itself, and the state will not tax this part of income for the time being (social security tax and old-age medical tax cannot be exempted), and the company may also invest part of it. You can take it out after you are 60, but you have to pay income tax, but when you get older and your income is low, the tax rate will be reduced. Many small companies in America don't offer 40 1K at all. Even if only 60% of companies offering 40 1K plans give employees some money, the common company matching is to give employees 3% of their wages. However, few Americans can afford an investment of 401k. Generally, they invest 5% to 7% of their salary in 40 1K ... Of the more than 65,438+56 billion labor force in the United States, only 5 1 10,000 people have invested 401k. By the end of September, 2065.438+02, the total value of the 40 1K project was 3.5 trillion US dollars, equivalent to 60,000 US dollars per person (if all work is included, the average number of participants is about 22,000).

Statistics show that 36% of working and retired Americans have all their savings and investments (including 40 1K) less than 1000 yuan, while 56% of Americans who are about to retire have all their savings and investments less than 25,000 yuan, so most Americans only rely on government pensions for retirement. According to a recent Gallup poll, the biggest concern of Americans is that they can't afford to take a vacation, accounting for 59%.