What about social insurance?

Social insurance refers to a security system in the form of national legislation, with workers as the protection object, special events such as old age, illness, disability, unemployment and death as the protection content, and characterized by government coercion.

Characteristics of social insurance

Social insurance and commercial insurance are two different forms of insurance. We divide insurance into social insurance and commercial insurance on the basis of profit. Whether it is profitable or not is the most important sign to distinguish these two kinds of insurance, but if we make a detailed analysis, there are still many differences between them. The characteristics of social insurance can be seen from the comparison between social insurance and commercial insurance.

1. Not for profit.

Social insurance is non-profit insurance, not for profit, but for the implementation of social policies. Although the operation of social insurance also needs the help of accurate measurement means, the selection and guarantee level of social insurance projects cannot be determined by the level of economic benefits. If the financial deficit of social insurance affects its operation. The state finance bears the ultimate responsibility. Commercial insurance is financially independent and self-financing, and the state finance should not bear its expenses in any form.

2. Mandatory.

Social insurance is compulsory. The so-called coercion means that the state enforces it through legislation, and both individual workers and their units must participate in it in accordance with the provisions of the law. The payment standard, treatment items and payment standard of social insurance shall be uniformly stipulated by the laws and regulations of the state or local government. As the insured, individual workers have no right to choose and change whether to participate in social insurance, the items they participate in and the standard of treatment. Compulsory is the guarantee of implementing social insurance. Only in this way can we ensure the reliable source of social insurance funds. Commercial insurance is voluntary, and whoever takes out the insurance shall take out the insurance; The principle of no insurance. Insurance design, premium payment, insurance period, insurance liability, rights and obligations, etc.

All are implemented in accordance with the provisions of the insurance contract. Once the contract is terminated, the insurance liability will be automatically eliminated.

3. Universal security.

Social insurance has a universal responsibility to protect members of society. Regardless of the age, years of employment, income level and health status of the insured, once the insured loses the ability to work or loses his job, the government will provide compensation for income loss according to law to ensure his basic living needs. In addition to cash payment, social insurance usually provides services for workers such as medical treatment, disability rehabilitation, vocational training and introduction, and activities for the elderly. Ensuring the basic needs of most workers and thus stabilizing social order can be said to be the fundamental purpose of implementing social insurance. Commercial insurance only provides equal economic compensation to the insured. It can only partially solve the temporary and urgent difficulties of the insured and make up for part of its losses. It does not have the function of universal protection, nor does it have the function of adjusting income level and maintaining social equity.

4. Basic equivalence of rights and obligations.

The payment of social insurance benefits is generally not directly related to individual labor contribution. Enjoy and contribute, but their enjoyment and contribution are not exactly the same. To make an image metaphor, this is called planting trees to enjoy the cool, but people who plant big trees do not necessarily occupy the cool of big trees. There is a problem of redistribution. The principle of social insurance distribution system is to benefit the low-income class. Because of the same risk accidents, the threat to low-income workers is usually higher than that to high-income workers. Commercial insurance strictly follows the principle of equality of rights and obligations. This principle determines that the enjoyment of the rights of the insured is based on the premise of "more investment and more insurance, less investment and less insurance, no investment and no insurance". In other words, the amount of insurance enjoyed by the insured depends on whether the insured pays the premiums stipulated in the contract on time and in quantity and the length of the insurance period. Once the insurance contract expires, the insurance liability will automatically terminate, and the relationship between rights and obligations will no longer exist.

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People's Republic of China (PRC) Labor Law Article 72 The sources of social insurance funds shall be determined according to the types of insurance, and social pooling shall be gradually implemented. Employers and workers must participate in social insurance and pay social insurance premiums according to law.

Article 73 Laborers shall enjoy social insurance benefits according to law under the following circumstances?

(1) Retirement;

(2) Being sick or injured;

(3) Being disabled at work or suffering from occupational diseases;

(4) unemployment;

(5) bearing.

After the death of an employee, his survivors shall enjoy the survivors' allowance according to law.

The conditions and standards for workers to enjoy social insurance benefits shall be stipulated by laws and regulations.

Social insurance premiums enjoyed by workers must be paid in full and on time.

It can be seen that social insurance is the basic social insurance system of the country, which is compulsory for employers and workers to pay according to law.

Social insurance is an important part of China's social security system, including pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance.

I industrial injury insurance

Industrial injury insurance is an important part of social insurance system. It refers to a social security system that the state and society provide medical care, living security, economic compensation, medical treatment and vocational rehabilitation for workers and their relatives who suffer from accidents and occupational diseases in production and work.

Second, endowment insurance.

Endowment insurance is an important part of social security system and one of the five most important social insurances. The so-called endowment insurance (or endowment insurance system) is a social insurance system established by the state and society according to certain laws and regulations to solve the basic life of workers who reach the working age limit stipulated by the state and terminate their labor obligations or quit their jobs because of old age. This concept mainly includes the following three meanings: (1) Old-age insurance will take effect automatically after the elderly within the legal scope completely or basically withdraw from social labor life. The "complete" here is characterized by the separation of workers from the means of production; The so-called "basic" means that participation in production activities has not become the main content of social life. It should be emphasized that the legal age limit (different countries have different standards) is a practical measure. (2) The purpose of endowment insurance is to ensure the basic needs of the elderly and provide them with a stable and reliable source of life. (3) Endowment insurance is based on social insurance to achieve the purpose of protection. Old-age insurance is a social security system widely implemented in all countries of the world. Generally speaking, it has the following characteristics: ① It is enforced by national legislation, and all enterprises and individuals must participate. Those who meet the conditions for receiving a pension can receive a pension from the social insurance department; (2) The source of endowment insurance expenses is generally shared by the state, units and individuals, or by units and individuals to achieve extensive social mutual assistance; (3) Endowment insurance is social, has great influence, enjoys a large number of people for a long time, and costs a lot. Therefore, it is necessary to set up specialized agencies to implement unified planning and management of modernization, specialization and socialization.

Third, medical insurance.

The publicly-funded medical care and labor insurance medical care established in the early 1950s in China are collectively referred to as employee medical insurance. It is an important part of the national social security system and one of the important items of social insurance. Medical insurance has the basic characteristics of social insurance, such as compulsion, mutual assistance and sociality. Therefore, the medical insurance system is usually enforced by national legislation and a fund system is established. The expenses are paid jointly by the employer and the individual, and the medical insurance premium is paid by the medical insurance institution to solve the medical risks caused by the illness or injury of the employees.

Medical insurance is a kind of material help given by the state or society when people are sick or injured, that is, a social security system that provides medical services or economic compensation.

Fourth, maternity insurance.

Maternity insurance is a social policy that the state provides living security and material assistance to pregnant and childbearing female workers through legislation. Its purpose is to help working women recover their working ability and return to work by providing them with maternity allowance, medical services and maternity leave. The living security and material assistance provided by maternity insurance usually include cash subsidies and in-kind supplies. Cash subsidy mainly refers to the maternity allowance given to pregnant women. Some countries also include a one-time cash grant or family allowance. Physical supply mainly refers to providing necessary medical care, medical services and daily necessities for pregnant women and babies. The scope, conditions and standards provided are mainly determined according to the economic strength of the country.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) unemployment insurance

Unemployment insurance refers to the system that the state enforces it through legislation and the society sets up a fund to provide material assistance to workers who have temporarily stopped their livelihood because of unemployment. It is an important part of the social security system and one of the main items of social insurance.

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