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Present situation, problems and suggestions of surplus labor transfer in Jiyuan city

The core of the "three rural issues" is the problem of farmers, and in the final analysis, it is the problem of rural overpopulation and rural surplus labor. With the wide application of agricultural machinery and technology, the improvement of agricultural basic conditions, the contradiction of people floating on the ground has become increasingly prominent, and a large number of surplus labor forces are hidden in the countryside. According to national estimates, by the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the rural surplus labor force will account for half of the total labor force, which directly leads to low agricultural production efficiency and underemployment of a large number of laborers, which not only affects the increase of farmers' income, but also causes social problems. Therefore, realizing the transfer of rural surplus labor force is not only the fundamental to finally solve the "three rural issues", but also the key to realize the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, building a well-off society in an all-round way and the strategic goal of socialist modernization. In recent years, the per capita arable land in rural areas of Jiyuan City has increased, the number of surplus labor force has increased, and the quality of labor force is low. How to effectively transfer the surplus labor force in Jiyuan City has become a new task for the municipal party committee and government to solve the "three rural issues". So how many rural surplus laborers are there in Jiyuan at present, and what measures does the municipal party committee and municipal government take to actively guide the effective transfer of rural surplus laborers? Jiyuan Municipal Bureau of Statistics conducted a special investigation on the current situation of rural surplus labor transfer, the confusion and demand in the process of rural surplus labor transfer by visiting relevant departments and using questionnaires and interviews.

I. Calculation of Rural Surplus Labor Force in Jiyuan City

1. Definition of rural surplus labor force

To talk about the transfer of rural surplus labor force, we must first understand what is rural surplus labor force. From the statistical point of view, the rural surplus labor force refers to the labor force that can be transferred from planting to engage in other social and economic activities.

2. Calculation method of rural surplus labor force

There are usually two methods to calculate rural surplus labor force. One is to calculate the labor amount of planting per unit area, then calculate the labor amount needed for planting, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and then subtract the total labor force of the above industries from the rural labor resources, that is, the number of rural surplus labor force. The second is calculated by the following formula:

Number of rural surplus labor force = number of rural labor resources ×(300- productive labor days in various industries) ÷300

3. The situation of rural surplus labor force in Jiyuan City

Jiyuan is located in the northwest of Henan Province, with mountainous areas in the west and north and hilly areas in the south. The per capita arable land in the city is only 0.8 mu, but the complicated topography limits the popularization of agricultural mechanization, which leads to the rural labor force being mainly tied to the land. According to the calculation of the agricultural transfer team, in 2004, the working days of rural labor in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industries in the city were 165 days, and the number of rural labor resources in the city was 3270 15. From this calculation, by the end of 2004, Jiyuan had a total of rural labor force 147 155.

Second, the characteristics of rural surplus labor transfer in Jiyuan City

1. Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the transfer speed of rural surplus labor in Jiyuan City has obviously accelerated. Since the reform and opening up, the rural labor force in Jiyuan City has grown rapidly, from 65,438+0,765,438+0,264. By the end of 2004, it had reached 327,065,438+00 with an average annual growth rate of 2.4%. Before the reform and opening up, the city's rural labor force mainly stayed in the agricultural field. From 65438 to 0978, only 2.4% of the rural labor force was employed in non-agricultural fields. Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, with the rise of township enterprises, the development of small towns and the guidance of farmers to work in cities, a large number of rural laborers have come out of agriculture and rural areas. By the end of 2004, the city's labor force engaged in non-agricultural industries reached 130872, accounting for 40.0% of the total rural labor force, with an average of 5000 people transferred every year. Especially during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the average growth rate of non-agricultural labor force was 4.4%.

Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor Force in Jiyuan City during the Tenth Five-Year Plan Period

Number of agricultural and rural labor resources over the years

Labor force Non-agricultural labor force Non-agricultural labor force accounted for% of the total labor force, and the non-agricultural labor force increased by% over the previous year.

2000 3 1925520023 1 10537433.0

200 1 year 32017198038109438+009438+0045.13665

2002 322634 1880 70 1 1456835.54.4

2003 323477 1838 89 1 1895736.83.8

2004 3270 10 1749 20 135438+000.0.

2. Rural surplus labor transfer industries are mainly distributed in industry, construction and transportation. According to statistics, the proportion of rural labor force engaged in primary, secondary and tertiary industries in the city has been adjusted from 62.7: 17.8: 15.2 in 2000 to 56.2:18.9: 210.2 in 2004, which shows that a large number of rural labor force has changed from agriculture to agriculture. The transferred labor force is mainly distributed in industry, construction and transportation. In 2004, the proportion of employees in industries such as industry, construction and transportation reached 62.4%, mainly because in recent years, under the concept of "strengthening the city by industry and prospering the city by industry", towns and villages have increased their efforts to attract investment and transferred a large number of surplus labor. In the questionnaire survey of 60 farmers and 109 laborers in 6 townships, 48 laborers were engaged in non-agricultural industries, of which 2 1 changed industries and 12 were engaged in construction.

3. The transfer of rural surplus labor force is mainly based on local transfer. In recent years, the development of industrial economy and tertiary industry in Jiyuan city has absorbed a large number of rural surplus labor, promoted the development of rural secondary and tertiary industries, and transferred a large number of rural surplus labor in this city. In 2004, the results of a survey of 150 households in the whole city by the rural transfer team showed that the income of migrant workers was 159.4 1 yuan, of which the income of counties outside the countryside was 1 14.87 yuan, accounting for 72./kloc-0. The income from working in this county and other provinces was 2.69 yuan, accounting for 1.7%, down 57.57% from the previous year; The domestic employment income outside the province was 4 1.84 yuan, accounting for 26.2%, an increase of 69.5438+0% over the previous year. Although Jiyuan city has intensified its efforts to organize migrant workers outside the province in recent years, the income of farmers going out to work mainly comes from local cities.

4. The transfer population of rural surplus labor force is mainly young adults with junior high school education or above. According to a sample survey of rural families, among migrant workers in 2004, more than 60% were under 30, 38% were 30-50, and less than 2% were over 50. Primary school education or below accounts for 7%, junior high school education accounts for 30%, senior high school education or technical secondary school education accounts for 49%, and junior college education or above accounts for 14%. This shows that most of the objects of rural labor force transfer are people with relatively high education level. The higher the education level, the more opportunities to realize the transfer of employment.

5. The transfer of rural surplus labor force is obvious. The labor force engaged in non-agricultural industries in this city has to go home to engage in agricultural production during the busy farming season, which belongs to seasonal transfer. The length of part-time work varies with the amount of family labor and the level of labor income. Under normal circumstances, there are more family laborers, so working outside for a long time leads to higher labor income, and vice versa. The survey shows that in 2004, 1-3 months accounted for 17% of the total labor force, 3-6 months accounted for 64%, and more than 6 months accounted for 19%.

6. The transfer of rural surplus labor force is mainly spontaneous. At present, the transfer of rural labor force in Jiyuan mainly depends on the spontaneous transfer of relatives or friends. According to the survey, in 2004, only 16.7% of the rural labor force was transferred through the government and relevant departments, 3.6% were intermediary organizations, and 79.7% were introduced by relatives and friends.

Thirdly, what are the factors that affect the transfer of rural surplus labor force in Jiyuan city? Br> 1, the quality of rural surplus labor force is low.

The transfer of rural surplus labor force is first restricted by the quality of labor force itself. In the process of realizing employment transfer, the quality of labor force is restricted by three factors. First, the labor force has a low level of education. According to the survey of 100 rural farmers' education level, the education level below junior high school accounts for more than 86%, which can not meet the requirements of employment transformation; Second, due to the limitation of professional and technical level, in the survey, most farmers at home have no other specialties except agriculture, and can only engage in simple manual labor such as manual handling, cleaning and construction, or engage in simple processing after simple pre-job training. Third, there are differences in ideas. It is found in the survey that a considerable number of surplus laborers are still bound by some old ideas and lack confidence in the service industry and small enterprises, which restricts their transfer to non-agricultural industries. This year's "shortage of migrant workers" coexists with a large number of rural surplus labor, precisely because of the low quality of rural surplus labor and the unbalanced employment structure, which also exists in Jiyuan City.

2. The transfer of rural surplus labor force is poorly organized. In recent years, although the Jiyuan municipal government has made remarkable achievements in organizing migrant workers, as mentioned above, about 80% of the rural surplus labor in Jiyuan city was introduced by relatives and friends, and only 20% was introduced by the government and intermediary organizations, which shows that the organization of labor transfer in Jiyuan city is still poor, that is, the labor resource market is underdeveloped and employment intermediary organizations are lacking. Because of the lack of organizational guarantee, first, employment information can not be transmitted to the broad masses of workers in time; Second, there are more opportunities for migrant workers to be treated unfairly, such as wage arrears, difficulties in handling documents, and lack of personal safety protection, which leads to the failure to protect their legitimate rights and interests. It has affected the external transfer of rural surplus labor force.

3. The jobs created by economic development cannot meet the needs of the transfer of rural surplus labor. The transfer of rural surplus labor force is mainly on the spot. In recent years, Jiyuan's economy has developed rapidly. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Jiyuan transferred more than 33,000 rural surplus laborers, and the proportion of non-agricultural employment increased by 9.2 percentage points. However, there are still1470,000 rural surplus labor forces in Jiyuan city that need to be transferred, and the transfer pressure is great. The reason is that, on the one hand, with the popularization of agricultural mechanization, a large number of rural laborers are released from agriculture, resulting in employment pressure. On the other hand, Jiyuan's industrial structure is dominated by energy, coal, building materials, chemicals and other heavy industries, mostly capital-intensive industries. Although the economy is developing rapidly, its ability to absorb labor is limited, and the population is slowly concentrated in cities, which is not strong enough to promote the tertiary industry, which is the industry that absorbs the most labor, which is not conducive to the transfer of rural surplus labor.

Four, some suggestions to promote the transfer of rural surplus labor force in Jiyuan City

1. Intensify the adjustment of industrial structure and enhance the labor absorption capacity within agriculture.

The transfer of rural surplus labor force to secondary and tertiary industries is an inevitable trend of economic development, but it is a gradual process and cannot be achieved overnight. Therefore, it is still an optional way to vigorously develop labor-intensive agriculture and intensive agriculture and improve the output efficiency of land by increasing live labor per unit area.

2. Vigorously support the development of labor-intensive industries, accelerate the process of urbanization and transformation of villages in cities, and enhance the absorption capacity of secondary and tertiary industries for labor.

According to the basic law of the progressive development of three industries and the reality of Jiyuan's economic development, labor-intensive industries should be the first choice for Jiyuan's industrial economic development. Labor-intensive industries are the fundamental way to realize the transfer of rural surplus labor to central cities. On the one hand, such industries need a lot of labor. On the other hand, with the population gathering in central cities, it will inevitably drive the development of the tertiary industry, which can absorb a large number of surplus labor and quickly realize the transfer of rural surplus labor. At present, with the economic development of China, after more than 20 years of economic development in the eastern region, a large number of labor-intensive enterprises are moving to the central and western regions. Jiyuan should introduce more preferential policies to promote the development of labor-intensive industries.

3, strengthen training and education, and strive to improve the quality of rural surplus labor.

Educating and training farmers is the responsibility and obligation of the party and the government, and it is also an important way to realize the transfer of rural surplus labor. First, actively implement the rural compulsory education policy, increase investment in rural basic education, and fundamentally improve farmers' educational level and cultural quality; Second, vigorously implement the "sunshine project", strengthen the existing labor training resources, including the cooperation between various social training institutions and the labor market, increase the skills training of rural surplus labor, and improve their ability to transfer to secondary and tertiary industries; Third, we should strengthen the education and training of rural surplus labor laws and regulations and urban civilized lifestyle, help them update their concepts and improve their ability to adapt to urban life.

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