What conditions do individuals need to buy social security? How to deal with it? Is it necessary to have a career? Is it okay for people with chronic diseases?

What should we pay attention to in the face of social security? From 20 10 1, the basic old-age insurance can be transferred across provinces; From July 1 day, the basic medical insurance for "migrant workers" can also be transferred across provinces. However, when the New Deal came out, Dongguan, Foshan and other places in Guangdong set off a wave of surrender. The reason is that it is difficult for many migrant workers to pay at least 15 of the endowment insurance before they can retire, which has given birth to this "surrender tide". In fact, there are still many restrictions on the "five risks" of the social security system (pension, medical care, work injury, maternity and unemployment) and the housing provident fund system, which makes people unable to enjoy full protection.

Old-age insurance: you can't get a pension until you pay 15 years.

Payment standard: social security and old-age insurance contributions are paid jointly by units and individuals. At present, the general payment ratio is 20% of the total wages paid by the unit and 8% of the wages paid by the individual. All enterprises and employees in cities and towns must pay the basic old-age insurance premium. What can't be done: 1. Can I get a pension only by paying 14 of the old-age insurance? I can't. Before reaching the statutory retirement age, you need to pay at least 15 years to qualify for a pension. If the accumulated payment period at retirement is less than 15 years, the money in the personal account will be liquidated and returned to the individual at one time. This money is only a part paid by individuals, plus a small part paid by the unit. Or choose to pay the fees payable for less than one year in one lump sum to receive a pension. In 2007, Ms. Gao, a 50-year-old Guangzhou woman, worked in Guangzhou and Foshan. Guangzhou Social Security Bureau determined that there was a problem with the payment period of Ms. Gao Foshan, and the payment period was insufficient 15, so she could not apply for retirement. Ms. Hou Gao took the Social Security Bureau to court so that she could receive a pension. 2. Can individuals benefit from the endowment insurance premium paid by the company? The benefit range is small. The money paid by individuals is included in the personal account, and most of the money paid by the unit is included in the overall fund account. The amount of retirement pension is mainly directly related to the personal account. After the part paid by the unit is collected, it will be distributed to all pensioners relatively evenly. 3. Pay twice as much old-age insurance as others, with the same payment period. Can the pension be twice that of others? I can't. The monthly payment is not multiplied by the amount of the pension. Pension consists of basic pension and personal account transfer payment. The basic pension is linked to the individual contribution base and the local social average level through indexation, which is related to the payment period. Basic pensions generally have little difference. For example, two people earn 5,000 yuan and 2,500 yuan a month, and it will take 40 years according to this standard. After retirement, the money in their personal accounts will be about 200,000 yuan and 654.38+10,000 yuan respectively. In the year of retirement, their basic pension is calculated at 1 1,000 yuan. The former's pension is about 1, 000+ 1, 600 = 2,600 yuan, while the latter is 1, 000+800 = 1, 800 yuan, but the former is not. I still have 8 years to retire, and now I am allowed to transfer the old-age insurance across provinces. Can I retire after working in Beijing for 8 years and enjoy a higher pension base in Beijing?

I can't. Although the endowment insurance paid by multiple cities can be merged into one city now. However, due to the different basic pensions in different places, the new policy has restricted the transfer and continuation years of old-age insurance: men over 50 years old and women over 40 years old are employed across regions, and only temporary old-age insurance payment accounts are established in newly insured places. After retirement, the money in the temporary account will be transferred back to the original insured place. Therefore, you can only apply for retirement locally if you have paid 10 years in the newly insured place. 5. Leave a city and withdraw the money from the personal pension insurance account. Can the payment period be accumulated? I can't. If you take money out of your account when you leave a city, that is, liquidate it, your account will be cancelled, and the accumulated payment period during this period will also be cleared and not included in the accumulated payment period, so it is not cost-effective to take money out. The new pension insurance regulations will no longer allow surrender. The reason for the "surrender tide" in Dongguan and other places is that some policyholders feel that the accumulated payment period before the statutory retirement age will not reach 15 years.

Medical insurance: stop paying fees and no longer enjoy medical insurance benefits.

Payment standard: the on-the-job employees pay 2% of their salary income; Employers pay 8% to 10% of the total wages of their employees, and the proportion varies from place to place; Individual contributions of employees shall be withheld and remitted by the employer on a unified monthly basis. What can't be done: 1. I paid medical insurance for many years before, and I was laid off 1 month ago. Can I still enjoy medical insurance if I am sick now? I can't. Different from the old-age insurance accumulation system, China's basic medical insurance implements the "pay-as-you-go" system, that is, "look at the current illness with the current money". No matter how many years the insured person has paid continuously, once he stops paying, he will no longer enjoy medical insurance benefits. If the unemployed will not enjoy the basic medical insurance benefits, if the personal medical account has a balance, it can be used for outpatient and emergency treatment and designated medical insurance pharmacies to buy medicines until the money is used up. 2. I stopped paying medical insurance for 4 months because I changed my job. Just changed to a new unit and has re-entered the medical insurance. Can I enjoy medical insurance when I am sick? Not in most areas. At present, regulations vary from place to place. For example, in Beijing, regardless of whether the medical insurance payment is interrupted or not, as long as the payment is re-paid, the monthly payment will take effect next month. In most areas, if medical insurance payment is interrupted, there will be a six-month observation period for re-enrollment, during which major diseases cannot be reimbursed. The new regulations on inter-provincial transfer of medical insurance, which will be implemented in July 10, 1 2065438, require that inter-provincial employment must be renewed in the new employment place within three months. After reapplying for medical insurance, it must be implemented according to local regulations, and a six-month "observation period" has been set up in most areas. 3. Can individuals directly benefit from the medical insurance expenses paid by the unit? I can't. The basic medical insurance premiums paid by individual employees are included in my personal account, and most of the insurance premiums paid by the unit enter the overall fund. The medical insurance system, for enterprises with younger employees, is mostly because the expenditure is greater than the income, while some old enterprises, because of the large number of retired employees and old employees, reimburse more medical expenses. In other words, young enterprises suffer more, while aging enterprises are more cost-effective.

Unemployment insurance: you can't get benefits for more than two years.

Payment standard: At present, units in Beijing pay 65,438+0% of the total salary, and individuals pay 0.2% of the average monthly salary, which is different in other regions. The unemployment insurance premiums raised, regardless of the source and channel, regardless of the nature of the payer, are all included in the unemployment insurance fund and are uniformly dispatched and used in the overall planning area. Individual migrant workers do not pay unemployment insurance premiums. What can't be done: 1. I just resigned recently and my company has been paying unemployment insurance for me. Can I get unemployment insurance if I don't work recently? I can't. Receiving unemployment benefits requires "involuntary" unemployment, that is, not voluntary resignation. Individuals who decide to resign subjectively do not meet the conditions for receiving pensions. If they are laid off by the company and their registered permanent residence is not in this city, most provinces do not undertake unemployment insurance for foreign registered permanent residence, and they need to transfer the formalities back to the place where their registered permanent residence is located to receive unemployment benefits. 2. Can you continue to receive benefits after unemployment? I can't. The total number of months of receiving unemployment benefits is related to the number of years of continuous payment. If the continuous payment 1 or above is less than 2 years, unemployment benefits will be received for 3 months. Continuous payment for more than 2 years and less than 3 years, receive unemployment benefits for 6 months; Continuous payment for more than 3 years and less than 4 years, receive unemployment benefits for 9 months; Pay for more than 4 years and less than 5 years, and receive 12 months unemployment benefits; If the payment has been made continuously for more than 5 years, the unemployment benefit will be paid to 1 month every full year, but the longest period will not exceed 24 months. In addition, if the unemployed are unemployed again after re-employment, the payment time will be recalculated. 3. If you have never received unemployment insurance benefits, can you refund the unemployment insurance benefits paid after retirement? I can't. The premiums of unemployment insurance are all included in the overall fund, which is used to pay unemployment benefits and is not refunded to the payer. This nature is the same as consumer insurance in commercial insurance.

Maternity insurance: Non-local residents cannot enjoy maternity insurance.

Payment standard: maternity insurance is paid by the unit, and the amount is generally 0.8% of the individual's monthly income. Maternity insurance includes maternity leave, maternity allowance and medical services. Maternity leave is generally 90 days, 30 days later, dystocia 15 days and multiple births 15 days. Maternity allowance includes birth check-up fee and delivery fee. The salary during maternity leave is also allocated by the overall fund, and there is no burden on the enterprise.

What can't be done: 1. Can employees with foreign hukou enjoy maternity insurance? I can't. At present, people who are employed across provinces cannot enjoy maternity insurance, and only those who have local hukou or apply for "green card" or residence permit have the right to enjoy it. 2. I have paid maternity insurance for many years in a row, and now I resign and have children. Can I enjoy maternity insurance? I can't. To enjoy maternity insurance, two conditions must be met at the same time. First, the time to pay maternity insurance has accumulated for one year (slightly different in some areas); Second, you must be on the job during childbirth and continue to pay maternity insurance premiums. If you have resigned, you can't enjoy maternity insurance, even if you have paid maternity insurance for many years. 3. Can male workers not pay maternity insurance? If the man has maternity insurance and the woman doesn't, can the related expenses be reimbursed? I can't. Maternity insurance is also compulsory insurance. As long as it meets the conditions, it must be insured until retirement. Male employees also need to pay maternity insurance. If the woman doesn't have maternity insurance, she can't reimburse the birth check-up fee and delivery fee. The man can only enjoy one month's maternity allowance, which is equivalent to one month's full salary.

Work-related injury insurance: the identification of occupational diseases can not be based only on the inspection results.

Payment standard: the basic rate is about 0.5% of the monthly income of employees. The employer who has an industrial accident shall, on the basis of the basic rate, implement a floating rate, the maximum of which shall not exceed 3% of the monthly income of employees. Industrial injury insurance is not paid by individuals, but by employers. What can't be done: 1. Can I apply for work-related injury insurance if I suffer from cervical spondylosis after working in front of a computer for a long time and have the examination results of the hospital? I can't. Occupational diseases belong to work-related injuries, but it is not enough to rely solely on the inspection results of ordinary hospitals. Need to be identified by a medical institution designated by the social security institution. Work-related injuries are classified as 10, and subsidies are paid according to the work-related injuries. In 2009, Zhang Haichao, a migrant worker, suspected that he had an occupational disease-pneumoconiosis, which was identified by the appraisal agency as not an occupational disease. Finally, he had to take the way of "opening his chest and examining his lungs" to protect his rights. 2. Can being hit by a car on the way to and from work be regarded as a work-related injury? At present, it still belongs to the scope of work-related injuries, but there is a new draft to delete the injuries caused by cars on the way back and forth in work-related injury insurance. There are also many controversies in this regard. Supporters of deletion believe that all motor vehicles have third-party liability insurance, which is duplicated with industrial injury insurance, and the implementation policies in different regions are different. In some areas, double compensation is implemented, that is, if you are injured on your way to and from work, you can enjoy third-party liability insurance and work-related injury insurance, while in Beijing and other areas, differential compensation is implemented, and the overlapping part of the two types of insurance is only reimbursed once.

Provident fund: the loan can only be made at least 1 year.

Payment standard: enterprises choose the proportion of housing provident fund payment according to the actual situation. At present, it is uniformly stipulated in Beijing that all employers should pay the housing accumulation fund at 12% of their salary. What can't be done: 1. Can the money in the provident fund account be taken out to pay the down payment and rent? I can't. According to the regulations on the withdrawal of provident fund, the depositor can only withdraw the account balance after buying a house, and this part of the funds should be used to repay the provident fund loan first. Li Zhiying, spokesman of Beijing Housing Provident Fund Management Center, explained that the provident fund is earmarked for special purposes. If you want to use it as a down payment, you need to do a good job in withdrawing funds before signing a house purchase contract. At this time, the provident fund will lose the protection of a series of legal materials such as purchase contracts, invoices, real estate licenses and deed tax tickets. And the probability that the provident fund will be withdrawn by fraudulent use of other withdrawal certificates will greatly increase. From April 2009, Beijing provident fund depositors who purchase affordable housing and price-limited housing can enjoy the policy of withdrawing provident fund to pay down payment. However, since the implementation of this policy for five months, few citizens have been able to enjoy this policy and successfully withdraw the provident fund before buying a house. At present, some cities have also carried out reforms, allowing the withdrawal of provident fund to pay rent. However, due to strict procedures for paying rent with provident fund, such as rental contract and rental records, this involves the problem of landlords paying income tax, resulting in few people withdrawing provident fund to pay rent. 2. It is difficult to withdraw the provident fund without buying a house. Can my boyfriend withdraw my provident fund when he buys a house? I can't. Only one spouse can withdraw the other spouse's provident fund when buying a house (in some areas, immediate family members' provident fund is allowed), while the girlfriend is not an immediate family member and cannot withdraw it. If you don't buy a house all the time, you can only wait until you retire and take out all the provident fund together. At present, due to the inflexible policies, a large number of housing accumulation funds have been accumulated. By the end of 2008, the total housing accumulation fund in China exceeded 2 trillion yuan, with a balance of 1.2 trillion yuan, and the utilization rate was only 40%. 3. The provident fund has been interrupted or has stopped paying now. Can I apply for provident fund loans? I can't. Once you stop paying the provident fund, you cannot apply for a provident fund loan. Provident fund loans must be continuously deposited in the provident fund 1 year or more. In the "five risks" of social security system and housing accumulation fund system, there are still various imprisonments that prevent people from fully enjoying equal treatment. Among them, geographical barriers and household registration system are the main reasons. Frequent news events such as "Surrender Surrender Tide" and "Open Chest Examination" highlight that China's social security system still needs to be improved.

Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.