What is the difference between social assistance, social insurance, social welfare and social preferential treatment?

There are three differences among social assistance, social insurance, social welfare and social special care:

First, the essence of the four is different:

1, the essence of social assistance: refers to the system that the state and society provide economic assistance and life assistance to citizens who are trapped in survival difficulties for various reasons to ensure their minimum living needs.

2. The essence of social insurance: it is a social and economic system that provides income or compensation for people who have lost their ability to work, are temporarily unemployed or suffer losses due to health reasons.

3. The essence of social welfare: Social welfare is a concept widely used in modern society. People give different explanations to this concept according to their respective positions and purposes. According to a Japanese scholar's explanation, social welfare "refers to various social methods and policies to solve the problem of' welfare'".

However, just making such an explanation is not enough to help us grasp the significance and value of social welfare. Because welfare also involves people's subjective feelings and actual living conditions, and is related to various social problems.

4. The essence of social special care: refers to the system that the state and society provide praise and preferential material help to people who have made special contributions and their families to ensure that their lives are not lower than the local average living standard.

Second, four different characteristics:

1, the characteristics of social assistance:

(1) The social assistance law is based on the realization of social equity, and the social assistance law aims at safeguarding the public interest and takes the realization of social equity as its value basis. Social assistance is based on the basic living needs of special social groups provided by state finance, which neither emphasizes the intervention of state public rights on citizens' rights nor regulates citizens' autonomy.

The legal system of social assistance is that the state regulates the distribution and redistribution of national income, undertakes the responsibility and obligation to help the disadvantaged groups in society, guarantees the basic livelihood of the disadvantaged groups, seeks a moderate balance between fairness and efficiency, and realizes social fairness to a certain extent.

(2) Social assistance law is the unity of substantive law and procedural law. In modern society, getting assistance is a basic right of citizens, and the government has strict responsibilities in it. The implementation of the right to social assistance and the realization of the right and its relief are not only administrative and judicial acts, but also strict procedures and processes.

Therefore, the social assistance law should not only regulate the rights and obligations of the subject in the legal relationship of social assistance, but also stipulate the qualification of the subject, the assistance procedure and the way to realize the rights and obligations.

2, the characteristics of social insurance:

(1) The objective basis of social insurance is the risks existing in the labor field, and the object of insurance is the workers themselves.

(2) The subject of social insurance is specific. Including workers (including their relatives) and employers.

(3) Social insurance is compulsory.

(4) The purpose of social insurance is to maintain the reproduction of labor force.

(5) The insurance fund comes from contributions and financial support from employers and workers. Insurance coverage is limited to employees, excluding other social members. The insurance coverage is limited to all kinds of risks in labor risks, excluding other risks such as property and economy.

3, the characteristics of social welfare:

(1) Social welfare is the regulator of social contradictions; The introduction of every social welfare plan always has obvious utilitarian purpose, and always takes alleviating some prominent social contradictions as the ultimate goal.

(2) the universality of social welfare provided to all citizens.

(3) Interest investment is one-dimensional, that is, customers do not need to pay fees. As long as citizens are within the scope defined by legislation and policies, they can get subsidized services that they should enjoy according to regulations.

(4) Social welfare is a higher social security system than social insurance. It tries its best to improve the quality of life of its clients within the scope of national financial resources and on the basis of established living standards.

4, the characteristics of social preferential treatment:

(1) Special care recipients are special social groups that have made sacrifices and contributions to the revolutionary cause and national security, and their sacrifices and contributions have been compensated and commended by the state.

(2) The standard of special care is high. Because special care has the nature of compensation and praise, special care is higher than the general social security standard, and special care recipients can enjoy preferential treatment, pensions, services and policy support provided by the state and society.

(3) Preferential treatment funds are mainly paid by the state finance, and preferential treatment is an important behavior of the government. The preferential treatment funds are mainly invested by the state finance and partly borne by the society. Only in medical insurance and cooperative medical care, individuals pay part of the cost.

(4) The content of special care has comprehensive characteristics. Social special care is different from social insurance, social assistance and social welfare. It is specially set up for people with special status, involving social insurance, social assistance and social welfare, including pension, preferential treatment, pension and job placement. This is a comprehensive project.

Third, these four customers are different:

1. Clients of social assistance: Social assistance mainly provides minimum living security for members of society, with the goal of helping the poor and vulnerable groups, targeting low-income people and people in need. Social assistance embodies a strong humanitarian thought and is the last protection and safety net of social security.

2. Social insurance service targets: state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, private enterprises and other urban enterprises and their employees. Institutions and their employees who implement enterprise management must participate in the basic old-age insurance. All kinds of enterprises and their employees, institutions and their employees, social organizations and their employees, private non-enterprise units and their employees, and employees with whom state organs have established labor contracts shall apply for unemployment insurance.

3. Social welfare service object: public welfare provided for all members of society; Professional benefits provided for the unit, employees in this industry and their families; Pensions for the elderly; Infant and child welfare; Women's welfare; Welfare for the disabled.

4. Social special care service targets: active servicemen of the China People's Liberation Army and officers and men of the Armed Police; Revolutionary disabled soldiers; Demobilized veterans; Family members of revolutionary martyrs; Sacrificing the families of soldiers in the line of duty; Families of fallen soldiers; Family members of active servicemen, etc.

Baidu encyclopedia-social assistance

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