What is the difference between rural social security and urban social security?

China is a big agricultural country, with 800 million people living in rural areas. Rural social security is an extremely important part of China's social security system. Influenced by the traditional urban-rural dual structure model, the urban-rural development in China is extremely unbalanced at present. While the urban social security system is basically established, there are many problems in rural social security, such as low level of security, low degree of socialization, less government support, narrow coverage and lack of legal system. Establishing and perfecting the rural social security system in a timely manner is conducive to achieving social equity, maintaining social stability, promoting urban-rural integration and common development, and is an inevitable requirement and an important embodiment of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, building a harmonious socialist society and fully realizing the goal of a well-off society.

Current rural social security model in China

The specific types and relief methods of China's current rural social security model can be summarized as follows:

1. Five guarantees system. Five guarantees in rural areas refers to the life care and material assistance given to villagers in terms of food, clothing, housing, medical care and burial in accordance with the provisions of the National Regulations on Five Guarantees in Rural Areas. The five-guarantee system in China was established in 1950s. According to the latest Regulations on Rural Five Guarantees issued by the State Council on June 5438+ 10, 2006, 16-year-old people, disabled people or villagers who have no ability to work, have no source of income, can't make their maintenance, support and support obligations, or the legal maintenance, support and support obligors have no ability to support, support and support, enjoy rural areas. For dependents under 16 years old or over 16 years old who are still receiving compulsory education, the expenses required for them to receive compulsory education according to law shall be guaranteed. Five-guarantee mainly includes centralized support in local rural five-guarantee service institutions and decentralized support at home, and the support objects can choose their own support forms. The funds needed for five guarantees are arranged in the financial budget of the local people's government, and the central government gives appropriate subsidies to the rural five-guarantee recipients with financial difficulties.

2. Family support for the elderly "raising children to prevent old age" is a family security idea passed down by Chinese farmers for thousands of years, and family support for the elderly has always been the main form of rural old-age security in China. The most important form of family support is child support.

3. Land security. For farmers in China, especially those in the backward areas in the central and western regions, land is their "lifeblood". In recent years, with the implementation of the national rural tax and fee reform policy, agricultural taxes and specialty taxes have been gradually abolished, and farmers' land income has increased.

4. Preferential treatment and old-age security. This is a special kind of security, and its security targets are the old Red Army, demobilized soldiers, families of martyrs, disabled soldiers and so on.

5. Rural social endowment insurance. 1992 1 The Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the Basic Plan for Rural Social Endowment Insurance at County Level (for Trial Implementation). According to the fund-raising principle of "individual contributions are the mainstay, collective subsidies are supplemented, and the state gives policy support", rural old-age insurance with individual account accumulation as the main way has been popularized in various places. From 1995 to 1998, rural old-age insurance was the hottest in recent years, and farmers were very enthusiastic about participating in the insurance, but by 2000, the number of participants had dropped sharply. In addition to the poor management of agricultural insurance funds and insufficient attention paid by governments at all levels to rural social security, this is mainly due to the fact that the relevant departments in the State Council have issued a document on the conditions for popularizing rural old-age insurance, which has led to a sharp decline in rural social security. The main reason lies in the neglect and contempt for farmers and their interests. In June 2002, the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to explore the establishment of rural old-age insurance system where conditions permit, and this work has been gradually carried out. According to the White Paper on Social Security Situation and Policies in China issued in 2004, by the end of 2003, rural social endowment insurance had been carried out in 1870 counties (cities, districts) in China to varying degrees, with a total of * * * 54.28 million people participating in the insurance, with accumulated funds of 25.9 billion yuan, and1980,000 farmers receiving pensions.

6. New rural cooperative medical system. Cooperative medical care was once the basic medical system in rural areas of China. In the people's commune era, due to the support of the collective economy, it once covered 90% of the rural production brigade and 95% of the rural population at the peak of development. In the early 1980s, with the disintegration of the traditional rural collective economy, this system also disintegrated. In order to solve the problem of "poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness" and ensure the basic medical needs of farmers, in 2002, China began to implement a new rural cooperative medical system, that is, the government organized, guided and supported farmers to participate voluntarily, and the government, collectives and individuals raised funds from various sources, and the farmers' medical mutual assistance system focused on serious illness. Since 2003, the central government has arranged per capita subsidy funds for farmers participating in the new cooperative medical system in the central and western regions except cities and towns through special transfer payments 10 yuan. The annual per capita subsidy of local finance for farmers participating in the cooperative medical system is not less than 10 yuan. As of June 2004, the new rural cooperative medical system covered 95.04 million agricultural population, and the actual number of participants was 68.99 million. * * * raised 3.02 billion yuan, of which local governments11.10.00 billion yuan, and the central government invested 390 million yuan in the central and western regions, which alleviated the problem of farmers' difficulty in seeing a doctor to some extent.

7. Minimum living security system. In recent years, some qualified rural areas have begun to explore the establishment of this system. According to statistics, by the end of 2004, 4.964 million people had enjoyed the rural minimum living security. The national rural subsistence allowance expenditure is 65.438+73.6 billion yuan, and the monthly per capita subsidy is 29. 1 yuan.

Difficulties and challenges faced by rural social security at present

At present, in addition to continuing the traditional five-guarantee system and disaster relief system, with the development and gradual promotion of rural minimum living security and new cooperative medical system, rural social security has initially formed a trend of docking with urban social security system.