Why do primary school students in China have to pay social security?

About 2,500 years ago, Confucius said in the Book of Rites: "A trip to the Avenue is also a business ..... An old friend is both a relative and an only child, so that he can be supported in his old age, be useful to him, be good at his young age, and be lonely."

This is probably the first statement to clarify the meaning of the word "social security" in the simplest terms. It covers the main aspects of modern social security system, such as pension, unemployment, helping the poor, medical care and so on. And accurately pointed out the core spirit of this system-"the world is public."

1935, the United States under Roosevelt passed the social security bill, which was a landmark event in the direction change of the United States. The United States has always advocated small government and big market, and advocated "private". It is generally believed that the economic crisis from 1923 to 1933 has changed Americans' ideas and made them realize the importance of combining the power of the state and society to provide personal protection. This incident opened the imitation legislation in Oceania and Latin America, and it was also the beginning of the popularization of the concept of "social security" all over the world.

Less than ten years later, the Beverly Report, which laid the core framework of modern social security system, was born. This framework has been used to this day, and now China, the most populous country in the world, is undertaking an unprecedented task: weaving a safety net covering 654.38+350 million people, which runs through pension, medical care, employment, social assistance and welfare, wrapping this fast-developing country in it and buffering the risks brought by various stalls and imbalances.

This net has been woven for thirty years. The first decade was a test of various economic reform measures; In the second decade, the system was woven into layers; In the third decade, many pilot projects and reforms that were originally carried out in small areas of cities and towns were pushed to the whole country on a large scale, covering 50% of the rural population. As a safety net with the meaning of "the last line of defense", it has begun to take shape.

A person's social security for ten years: self-knowledge.

For Deng Shiping, who is 40 years old this year, the past ten years have been the golden years of his life. At the same time, the vigorous promotion of social security reform and the hard feelings of grassroots social security workers have made him "born very early" in the Social Security Bureau of Nankang City, Jiangxi Province.

He still remembers that when he first entered the Social Security Bureau in 2002, it coincided with the bankruptcy and restructuring of state-owned and large-scale collective enterprises by the new leadership team, and a large number of employees dissolved their labor relations and flowed into the society. The number of people who actually paid the basic old-age insurance dropped sharply, and the basic pension could not make ends meet, forcing them to start a difficult process of collecting money from private enterprises and urban individual industrial and commercial households.

As soon as this situation is opened, new government documents come one after another, bringing one new task after another, each of which is not easy: standardizing institutions to participate in the basic old-age insurance of enterprises, reforming the calculation and payment methods of basic pensions, establishing an incentive and restraint mechanism for participating in insurance contributions, and solving the pension problem of uninsured people left over from history, and so on.

Documents are distributed like snowflakes, and social security workers need to read through them one by one, straighten out their meanings, publicize and implement them one by one, and constantly solve the difficulties in specific implementation, even the troubles caused by repeated policy adjustments. This makes Deng Shiping sigh, "How difficult do you think our social security work is!"

Ten years of social security in a country: the first five years of urban and rural planning

This is not just how he feels in the same place at the same time. China's social security system in the past ten years out of what kind of track, from the laws and regulations, policy documents can be carefully seen:

In 2002, the 16th National Congress of China Communist Party was held. In the political report at the meeting, "the social security system is relatively sound and the social employment is relatively sufficient" is an important content of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Generally speaking, the social security work is still carried out in accordance with the principle of "establishing a social security system, trying out the pension and medical insurance system combining social pooling with individual accounts, improving the unemployment insurance and social relief system, and providing the most basic social security".

The following year, the famous Sun Zhigang incident promoted the abolition of the detention and repatriation system, and the establishment of a rescue system for vagrants and beggars who had no need for urban life was an important measure to improve the urban security system. In this year, the old-age care began to be socialized, the central government promoted the pilot of the new rural cooperative medical system, and the promulgation of the Regulations on Work Injury Insurance marked that several important aspects of social security-old-age care, medical care, work injury and assistance-were being promoted in a multi-pronged manner.

In 2004, the enterprise annuity began to be tried out, and the Regulations on Pension and Preferential Treatment for Soldiers was promulgated and the Regulations on Labor Security Supervision was implemented. At that time, the social security system was clearly written into the articles in the revised Constitution for the first time, and at the same time, the government of China issued the White Paper on Social Security Situation and Policies in China for the first time.

Next year, we will focus on integrating the original basic security system for urban workers and the urban security system. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security issued several documents this year to promote the reform of the basic living security system for laid-off workers in state-owned enterprises, the pilot system of urban medical assistance, and the pilot system of individual accounts for basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees. At the same time, the urban medical assistance system has also begun to test the water. For investors, one thing is particularly important, that is, the social security fund has finally entered the market on a large scale this year.

In 2006, the 15 department jointly issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Relief Work for Orphans, and the promulgation of the Regulations on Rural Five Guarantees Support meant that a wider range of work was brought into the vision of social security system construction. The transformation of the rural five-guarantee system from farmers' own support to financial support is also a major change. The Opinions on Solving the Problems of Migrant Workers issued by the State Council in those years endorsed some issues related to agriculture and pointed out the idea of building a social security system related to rural areas. The basic pension reform for enterprise retirees is still going on.

This year, in the communiqué issued by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee of China Producers' Party, the goal of social security work in the next stage was put forward: "By 2020, a social security system covering urban and rural residents will be basically established, and everyone will enjoy basic living security". By 20 12, the framework of social security system with China characteristics will be initially established, and a perfect social security system with China characteristics will be established in 2020.

A country's ten-year social security: the latter five years will be fully rolled out.

Since 2007, the construction of social security has shown an obvious acceleration trend. In just a few months, the Guiding Opinions on Launching the Pilot Project of Basic Medical Insurance for Urban Residents, the Notice on Establishing the Rural Minimum Living Security System in China, the Measures for Low-rent Housing Security, and the Notice on Adjusting the Basic Pension for Enterprise Retirees in 2008 have been issued intensively, in which it is announced that the new social security system with the basic medical insurance system for urban residents and the rural minimum living security system as the core has entered the construction stage, and the new trend of housing security and pension for enterprise retirees is also the most concerned issue.

In 2008, the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons was implemented, and a number of policies on the protection of disabled people's lives were introduced one after another. This year, the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security merged, further establishing the status of the general headquarters of social security, and the reform of the internal organs of the Ministry of Civil Affairs showed a tendency to strengthen social assistance and welfare charity. The pilot work of the new rural cooperative medical system is advancing rapidly, and the formulation of the "National Unified Social Security Card" has begun to take shape.

In 2009, following the "Several Opinions on Solving the Problems of Migrant Workers", the Interim Measures for the Transfer and Continuation of the Basic Endowment Insurance Relationship for Employees in Urban Enterprises was promulgated, which completely realized the trans-regional transfer of the basic endowment insurance relationship between migrant workers and other floating employment groups.

The truly landmark event this year is the pilot launch of the new rural social endowment insurance system, which has been merged with the basic endowment insurance system for urban workers. Farmers receive pensions from the government for the first time in history-this is called the biggest policy of benefiting farmers after the abolition of agricultural tax.

Besides agriculture, the publication of "2009-201KLOC-0/Low-rent Housing Security Scheme", the adoption of "Opinions on the Trial Budget of Social Insurance Fund" and the start of the national industrial injury prevention pilot are also highlights in the development of social security.

In 20 10, after years of brewing, the social insurance law was finally promulgated, which became the most important event in the social security field that year. In this year, the government subsidy standard of the new rural cooperative medical system was raised to 120 yuan/person, and the participation rate exceeded 90%. The implementation of the Interim Measures for the Transfer and Continuation of the Basic Medical Insurance for Migrant Workers means the promotion of the trans-regional transfer and continuity of social security relations; The Regulations on Industrial Injury Insurance was also revised this year.

On July 20 1 1 year, the pilot project of urban residents' social endowment insurance was launched, and it is planned to basically realize the full coverage of urban residents' endowment insurance system by 20 1 2. The state has also begun to make plans for the next step: release the Planning for the Construction of Social Pension Service System (20 1 1-20 15) and the Guiding Outline for the Development of Philanthropy in China (201-20/kloc-0).

The achievements are hard-won and of great significance.

10 years ago, there was no basic medical insurance for urban residents, "urban housing insurance", "new rural cooperative medical system" and "new rural endowment insurance", no national rural minimum living security system, no enterprise annuity, and no charitable and voluntary organizations that performed the duties of social support system all over the country. Everything from social assistance to social welfare was barely in its infancy. And ten years later, it's all here.

Professor Zheng Gongcheng from the Social Security Research Center of China Renmin University commented that the social security reform process in China, like the whole reform cause, is equally magnificent and unusual, with the old and new systems changing in twists and turns and developing in changes. Despite the omissions and mistakes, despite the corresponding costs, and despite the need to continue to deepen the reform, the reform of this system has undoubtedly established its special position in the history of world social security system reform with its complexity, gradualism, comprehensiveness and profundity.

Hu Xiaoyi, vice minister of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, also holds a similar view: "In just ten years, hundreds of millions of people have been included in the social security coverage and the world's largest social security plan has been established, which is an amazing achievement."

Deng Shiping, who has been a grass-roots social security worker for ten years, said, "Only our social security workers know the hardships", but he still believes that the number of participants and pensioners who have tripled in ten years, as well as the endowment insurance fund with a balance of several hundred million, "is enough to prove that my white hair has not been wasted".

But as we all know, the inventory results do not mean that the footsteps stop there. The great achievements that have been made only mean that there are still greater challenges to overcome:

-institutional cracks caused by urban-rural division and regional imbalance need to be made up by in-depth and meticulous laws and regulations;

-aging and accelerated population movement are likely to focus on detonating people's demand for social security in advance;

-The global economic slowdown and the change of domestic development mode mean that the power provided by wealth will gradually slow down;

-China, which stands at the fork in the road of deepening economic and political system reform, will face more complicated and profound contradictions in the future.

Zheng Gongcheng believes that all this just shows the indispensability of social security construction: "Without a perfect social security system covering urban and rural residents, people's worries can't be effectively relieved, and people can gain certain safety expectations and confidence in the future. It is impossible to really implement the internally driven economic development strategy, coordinate various complicated social relations, and realize the goal of letting all people enjoy the fruits of development. It is impossible to continuously improve and maintain the competitiveness of the country, and it is impossible to achieve health and health preservation. Therefore, establishing a sound social security system is not only a very necessary social investment, economic investment, political investment and security investment, but also an indispensable maintenance mechanism and promotion mechanism for embarking on a healthy and sustainable modernization road. "

Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.