Ask all the records about Xu in the history books.

In the summer, Boyi made great contributions to water control, and his son Ruomu was sealed in Xu (now Tancheng, Shandong Province) to build Xu State. In the later Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Xu Guodu was one of the vassal states. Never seen, the war between the Western Zhou Dynasty and Xu was the most frequent in the two generations. Xu participated in the rebellion of Shang and Yin nobles headed by Wu Geng and resisted the crusade of the Duke of Zhou. Xu's colt king directly attacked Zhou until he reached the edge of the Yellow River. Xu's descendants were proud of "the first colt king asked for help from the west". Lu (the son of Lu) often has friction with Xu Rong. According to Shangshu Feishi, there was a fierce war between Lu and Xu Rong, and Lu was too threatened to open the East Gate. When he arrived, the ruler of the state of Xu ascended the throne, being virtuous and honest, and winning the support of the people. Around him, 36 countries sent people to pay tribute to him. Later, he led an army to attack the capital of the Zhou Dynasty. After being defeated by Zhou Muwang, he lived in seclusion in the deep mountains near Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). No longer named his descendants, continue to manage Xu. It lasted for hundreds of years, until the summer of 5 12 BC, Wu sent an envoy to order (now Sixian County, Anhui Province) and Zhong Wuguo to hand over their sons Yan Yu and Zhu Yong who led the troops abroad. Relying on the strong support of Chu, the two countries refused to accept it and sent their second son to Chu without authorization. King Zhao and Chu were very proud, and immediately sent officials to greet Er Gongzi grandly, and let Er Gongzi temporarily live in a nursery (now shenqiu county, Henan). Then, he ordered Yan and Sajima to guard the cultivated city, and sealed the city father in the northeast and the lake field in the southeast to the second son, in an attempt to use the second son to harm the State of Wu. This gave the prince an excuse to send troops. In the winter of the same year, the prince of Wu sent Sun Wu and Wu Zixu to attack. Xu Guocai was destroyed by the State of Wu. In the history of China, Xu existed 1649, and * * had 44 generations of kings. Its area was near Pizhou first, and then moved to Sixian and Sihong. Xu Yanwang is the most powerful, and its territory extends to the whole of Jiangsu, central Anhui, southern Shandong and other Jianghuai areas. Pengcheng was renamed Xuzhou, one of Kyushu.

Xu was the largest country in the Dongyi Group in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Han Feizi claimed that its territory was 500 miles. The book of songs Daya Changwu says "lead him to Huaipu to save this place". At present, in the vast historical documents, it is rare to see Xu's specific business situation, such as economy and production words. But we can get some indirect things from unearthed cultural relics, especially inscriptions on bronze.

The unearthed cultural relics of ancient bronzes mainly began in the middle and late Shang Dynasty and reached its peak in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The production of bronzes marks the production and economic development of ancient society. The unearthed bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty have a large number of inscriptions, which prove and make up for the accuracy and deficiency of traditional historical documents. The record of "Fu" cutting was mentioned many times in the inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Fu" means acquisition and plunder, "Ji Jin" is an excellent bronze ware, and Xu Rong is the largest and most representative country among the Huaiyi tribe. Zeng Bosu's inscription reads: "At that time, the Huaiyi area south of Fanyang (Anhui) was rich in copper and tin. The inscription "Xijiapan" records the expropriation of Guanshi in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the corresponding regulations on Huaiyi and the vassal people in the south. The inscription says: "Huaiyi once bribed me, so I dare not give up my silk, its products and its entrance." "If you dare not make an order, you will be punished." In other words, Huaiyi had to pay Ji Jin and property to the Zhou Dynasty and provide labor, otherwise he would have to make an expedition to the East. Only in Zhou Muwang's time, the inscription of the war record related to Huai Yi was found at 15. (The Book of Songs Truffle Dishui) Write about Lu Xigong's conquest of Huaiyi and the establishment of a palace to celebrate the recent situation, in order to "observe Huaiyi and present his experience (treasure)". Yuan (big) turtle is like a tooth, and Dali (sacrifice) Nanjin (high-quality bronze ware) is the ending sentence.

Xu's economy is developed, and it is also the main tax-paying area in the Western Zhou Dynasty, so "conquering the east" and "conquering the east" became the main war after the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was recorded in many inscriptions in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.

There are many bronze unearthed cultural relics in many countries. Before 1950s, there were as many as 24 pieces of materials, mainly focusing on daily life, family and weapons, such as Xu, Bell Sucking, Xu Yi Drinking utensils, Yi Chu Zhong, Xu Wang Yi Chu Dian, Wang Sun's Bell, Xu Wang Geng's Clock and so on. Others include Yin Xu, Zhou Deming, your pot, Beads and Beasts, Xu Baoyun, the big one, Xu Guanbei, and the ring-headed broadsword. Most of these Xu vessels belong to the late period of Xu Guo (Spring and Autumn Period), and the heyday of Xu Guo was in the Western Zhou Dynasty. At that time, Xu was plundered, presented or lost in the war, and has not been unearthed, recognized or discovered in batches so far.

1965, Xu Zipan Ding was unearthed in Taizigou Village, Shangye Town, Feixian County, Shandong Province, with a height of 2 1.5 cm, a caliber of 22 cm and a weight of 3.2 kg. Inscription: "Xu Zipan was used for a hundred years", buried with Xu Zi and unearthed at the same time. 1In April, 979, three bronzes unearthed in Jing 'an County, Jiangxi Province were all relics of Xu State, and one of them had the inscription 18: "Xu Lingyin, the grandson of Yan Jun, is a purposeful person, so he chose his auspicious gold and made his own stove plate." The stove basin is like a fire plate now. Goose and swallow are homophonic, so you can borrow ancient Chinese characters. 1982, Shaoxing excavated a tomb in the Spring and Autumn Period. Among the six bronzes unearthed, three were cast with inscriptions. These three bronzes with inscriptions are ding, furnace and ladle respectively. There's something on the shoulder-Zhou's can't see clearly because of the injury. There are three lines of inscriptions on the bottom of the furnace, including the word "Xu". The tripod cover and the tripod shoulder have the same 44-character inscription, which shows that Xu Yaoyin made the soup tripod himself. According to archaeological research, Yao Yin may be the official in charge of sacrifice.

As for bronzes, there is a legend that Chiyou was a soldier in ancient times. Dongyi tribe is a descendant of Chiyou and others, and the production of Xu ware was once in a leading position. Xu inherited the tradition of Shang. For example, there is no clock on the merchant ship, but only a Tudor, which is the same shape as the clock, but smaller than the clock, with an upward mouth and a handle, and rings when held. If there is an inscription, it is usually engraved on the handle. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, there has been a bell with a downward mouth. Xu Qi "Xu Yi Andrew" named himself Cheng Zheng, which is a famous saying in archaeology. The word "Rong" is a multi-tone change. There is a Qi Yue in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, which is influenced by Xu Qi. Xu Qi was also good at learning and imitating the bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and advocated the etiquette and civilization of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The bronzes unearthed in Tunxi, Anhui Province and Dantu, Jiangsu Province during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were different from the southern bronzes at that time. They all have dense patterns of deformed animals, including spines, fine patterns, geometric patterns and pottery patterns. The intermediate transition of Xu Ship is undeniable.

Xu's economic development can also get some impressions from Xu's inscriptions, Xu's genealogy and miscellaneous history. For example, the "Xu Yao Tang Yinding" unearthed in Shaoxing and the "Medicine Introduction" of Shang Dynasty, Xu State and Chu State. (Yi Wang Huijie) contains: "I wish the Huai family and rong family" (note): "Huai and Rong wish the family." Among them, Wyeth was actually a witch of the Zhou Dynasty. It can be seen that Huaiyi's economic development brought cultural progress, otherwise, the Zhou Dynasty could not easily grant the sacred status of sacrifice to a Yi people. Xu is a representative country of Huai and Yi, and management officials have a very clear division of labor in this respect.

The Book of Songs Truffles is a chapter praising Lu Qianli Ma. Relatively speaking, Huaiyi is located in the criss-crossing river network of Jianghuai, and the shipping industry has advantages. Xu Chang, the ancestor of the thirty-eighth generation, said: "The dream of a scholar is mainly shipping. In order to deal with the ship smoothly, the ship sank. Zhao Haoqi died and fled to Nanchang to avenge his father. " "Priests" are officials in charge of shipping and ships. In connection with the article "Xu Yanwang" in the Chinese Dictionary published earlier, he made a bet: "When he was in power, he was famous for his benevolence and righteousness, but he wanted to sail to serve the country, but he was between Chen and Cai ..." Xu actually wanted to dig a canal with the help of shipping advantages, and his national strength could be imagined.

Attached:

First, Guo Xu's lineage (won surname)

1 Ruomu 2 3 Chen 4 Shuo 5 Hongxian 6 Liang 7 8 Jiang 9 Dun 10 scene12 Rui 13 scene 14 scene 15 cloud 16 Yan 6544 27 Fan Chang 28 Guang 29 Tong 30ò3 1ò32 Birthday 33 Bao Zong (Zong) 34 Mai 35 Xiu 36 Mou 37 Track 38 Jing 39 Hun 40 Shu 4 1 Heng 42 Jian 43 Yi 44 Zhang Yu

Second, the change of Xu Zhou

1, Dayu inherited his father's ambition to control water and succeeded to the throne of Shun. In the process of Dayu's successful water control, he was supported by Boyi, the leader of Dongyi nationality. Dayu planned to preach in Boyi in his later years, but Boyi, who was weak, took the initiative to give way to Yu's son Qi and lived in seclusion in the north of Jishan. In the sixth year of Xia Qi, Boyi was killed. In order to win the hearts of the people, Boyi was buried with a generous gift, and at the same time, the second son of Boyi was named Ruomu, that is, south-central Shandong and Tancheng areas. This is the founding of Guo Xu. Since then, Xu people have taken the country as their surname, and the main branches of Xu have also multiplied, developed and expanded. If it is wood, it will become the Xu's blood ancestor basically recognized by later generations.

2. At the end of Shang Dynasty, especially in Zhou Dynasty, Xu's national strength was relatively strong. Zhou has always considered Zhou's opponent, so he is not at ease with Xu and often goes out to war. On this point, there are many records in the Book of Songs. Xu retreated to Sihong and moved south, where he continued to grow and develop. At this time, Xu led the army to the western expedition to Zhou Dynasty as the head of the vassal. Zhou Muwang was afraid and recognized Xu Jun as the leader of the vassal.

3. In the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty, Guo Xu was introduced into Xu Yanwang and revived in Huaisi area. According to historical records, "Xu Yanwang is located in the east of the Yangtze River, 500 miles away, with benevolent people and benevolent government, and there are six out of 30 countries." Xu's revival aroused the concern of the Western Zhou Dynasty, so he ordered to send troops to the State of Chu to carry out a crusade. Xu Yanwang is merciful and can't bear to kill his people. In 963 BC, he abandoned his country and went to the foot of Dongshan Mountain in Wuyuan County, Pengcheng. Tens of thousands of people followed him. The so-called Dongshan in Wuyuan County is in the northwest of Pizhou today, and Dongshan was later called Xushan.

4. After Xu's defeat, he led some Xu people south to Ningbo, Zhejiang by sea. So today, Xu is also a famous family in Zhejiang. Xu Yanwang was finally hunted down, and she jumped into the sea with her jewels and died. After the defeat, Zhou was forced to make his second son Baozong a knight, making Pengcheng his capital and continuing to rule Xu. This is the origin of today's Liangwangcheng. It was during the Zhou Wang period (922- 900 BC).

5. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Seven Chivalrous Men were autonomous, and Xu once again moved south to the Huaisi area at the junction of Huainan and Jiangbei Jiangsu and Anhui. At that time, Xu's national strength was weak, people were distracted and there was no strong resistance. He was sandwiched between great powers and lived cautiously. In 5 12 BC, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, crossed the Huaihe River to cut Xu and flooded Xu with Surabaya. Zhang Yu, the king of Xu, tied himself up and led his wife to beg Fu Cha to leave the land, but Fu Cha refused. Zhang Yu fled to Chu with the royal family, and Xu lost his title.

If Mufeng Xu, Xu experienced Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and * * * had 44 generations of kings, whose life span exceeded 1500 years.

Third, the change of Xu Capital.

Xu's capital has also moved several times. During the migration of 1500 years, there are mainly textual researches:

The first is Tancheng, Shandong. According to the research results of historians, Xu was first sealed in Tancheng, south of the northeast of Mount Tai in Shandong Province. Hanshu Village in Sishui, Shandong Province has the tomb of Bao Xu, the fifth monarch of Xu State. 200 1, 10, Tancheng county government designated Bao Xu Tomb as a county-level cultural relics protection unit.

The second is the procedure in Hongze Lake area. There is a Xiangcheng village in Taiping Township, Sihong County. "City" refers to the city built in Xu Yanwang. Xiangcheng is named after a powder building of Xu Yanwang's concubines in the city.

The third is Liangwangcheng (Liangwangcheng) in Pizhou. At present, Liangwangcheng in Pizhou (including Jiunvdun, Goose Duck Town and other sites) can be determined as the largest and longest-lasting capital of the late ancient Syrian state. After three consecutive excavations, * * * found 122 ash pits, 22 tombs and 1 1 houses, and unearthed more than a thousand cultural relics. There used to be a place name of "Golden Temple" in the local area, and nine bronze bells 19 pieces of court instrumental music were unearthed, and the inscription "For Prince Xu and Sun Yongbao" was engraved. Zhang Zhihan, an expert, said in "On Ancient Xuzhou": "The capital of Xu is in Xiapi. This refers to the established Xuzhou. Of course, Xu Yanwang should return to the motherland in Xiapi and build its capital in Xiapi. " The political activities of "Liangwangcheng" are recorded in Historical Records, which can prove that Liangwangcheng is a political center city and a promised land-closed city.