What is the classical Chinese in Chinese studies?

1. What's the difference between Chinese studies and classical Chinese? "Chinese studies" is a higher-level concept, and "classical Chinese" is a sub-concept, which is included in the extension of Chinese studies.

Sinology, also known as Sinology, refers to the traditional culture and knowledge of China. Chinese studies include China's ancient philosophy, history, religion, literature, customs, textual research, ethics, traditional Chinese medicine, agriculture, martial arts, geography, politics, economy, painting and calligraphy, music, architecture and many other aspects. "Classical Chinese" is only one aspect of language and literature.

It can be said that classical Chinese reading is a course of Chinese studies, but the course of Chinese studies is far more than classical Chinese reading. At present, interest classes such as calligraphy, guzheng, traditional Chinese painting and Beijing opera are all Chinese studies.

2. What are the classical Chinese classics in junior high school? 1. There are five kinds of classics.

1. The Book of Songs (referred to as "Poetry")

When all the students are familiar with it, they will be able to recite it. You can specialize in national style and elegance. Cheng Junying translated and annotated this book, or refined Chen Huan's poems about Shi Mao.

2. Zuozhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period (also known as Chunqiu Zuozhuan), commonly known as Zuozhuan.

It is advisable to choose Ruorui's dry goods and read them as reciting. Yang Bojun's annotated version or Du Jin's pre-assembled version. (Laughing alone: Mr. Liang Qichao thinks it may be a book called Mandarin, which was separated from the Western Han people and should be read together. Patent collection or the settlement of the three kingdoms Wu. )

3. The Analects of Confucius

When you are familiar with it, you can't read it many times; It is advisable to read the text specially and read the notes only when there is confusion. Yang Bojun's annotation, Qing Jiao's exegesis or Song Zhuxi's annotation of four books.

4. Mencius

When you are familiar with it, you can't read it many times; It is advisable to read the text specially and read the notes only when there is confusion. Yang Bojun's translation, Dai Zhen's textual research on the meaning of the Qing Dynasty or Zhu's comments on the four books of the Song Dynasty. South's "Mencius Bypass" can be referenced.

5. Shuo Wen Jie Zi

Notes of Duan Yucai in Qing Dynasty. (Walking alone with a smile: I also recommend Zhonghua Book Company Edition without notes. )

2. Six subclasses

6. Xunzi (also known as Sun Qingshu)

Uncover the cover, correct the name, and you should read Heavenly Theory, Righteousness Theory, Evil Nature Theory, Rite Theory and Music Theory intensively, and the rest must swim. Zhang Jue's annotated edition, Liang Qixiong's simplified interpretation edition or Wang Qingxian's modest interpretation edition.

7. Sun Tzu's Art of War (commonly known as Sun Tzu's Art of War)

There are eleven explanatory books such as Binyangan or Cao Wei Cao.

8. Pipe

Jiang Tao's new annotation, Chang Yan's revised annotation or Tang Fang Ling Xuan's annotation.

9. Laozi (also known as Tao Te Ching)

When you are familiar with it; You might as well read the vernacular and find it yourself. , Zhu school note. Nan Lao said that you can refer to it.

10. Zhuangzi (also known as South China Classic)

In the internal and miscellaneous articles, the world is the most intensive reading. Liu Wendian revised edition, Chen Guying annotated edition or Wang Qing Qian Qian book collection edition. Ma Hengjun's authentic Zhuangzi is available.

1 1.

Notes and Ding Notes in Tanjing.

Three or five kinds of history

12. Historical Records (also known as Taishi Gongshu)

The following first four histories can be read according to your needs and interests, and their biographies should all be visited by everyone, and some articles should be read carefully. (Laughing and Walking Alone: In the next chapter, I choose Notes on Selected Works of Historical Records from Korea as the best reading. I hereby recommend the selected intensive reading articles, namely Biography of Xiang Yu, Biography of Gou Jian, Biography of Chen She, Biography of Liu Hou, Biography of Boyi, Biography of Sun Tzu Wuqi, Biography of Shang Jun and Biography of Ping Yuanjun. Of course, Mr. Han's perspective is literary, not historical. Pei Zhi and other three notes in Southern Song Dynasty. (Walking alone with a smile: We also recommend two volumes of Shanghai Ancient Books Edition and Quan Yi Volume of Zhejiang Ancient Books Edition to be arranged horizontally, without comments, saving money, good format and excellent printing. )

13. Hanshu

Supplementary notes on Wang Xianqian in Qing Dynasty. (Laugh and walk alone: It is also suggested that the three volumes of the Shanghai Ancient Books Edition and the Quan Yi Volume of the Zhejiang Ancient Books Edition should be arranged horizontally, without comments, to save money, with good format and excellent printing. )

14. Zi Zhi Tong Jian or Zi Zhi Tong Jian?

When you read it carefully. Notes on the three provincial sounds of Yuanhu. (Walking alone with a smile: I also recommend Yuelu Bookstore Edition. All four volumes are arranged horizontally without comments, which saves money, has a good version and excellent printing. )

15. The Warring States Policy (hereinafter referred to as the National Policy, also known as the Long and Short Book)

It is wise to choose some articles to read carefully. Miao Xin proofreads or quotes.

16. Notes on Water Classics

Yang Shoujing and Xiong made up a sparse book.

Four, set the class 8

17. Song of the South

Both Qu and Song are familiar with reading. They can recite the best, but the rest can be read. Song Hongxingzu's supplementary notes, his concentrated notes or Han's chapters and sentences.

18. Hundreds of Miscellaneous Notes in History

Be familiar with reading, and recite it best.

19. Notes on Eighteen Poems

Be familiar with reading, and recite it best.

20. Shi Shuo Xin Yu (hereinafter referred to as Shi Shuo)

In the Southern Dynasties, Xu Zhen's School Secretary, Yu Jiaxi's School Secretary, or Liang Liuxiao's Notes. Zhang's dictionary Shi Shuo Xin Yu can be consulted.

3. What is Sinology Generally speaking, Sinology refers to China's traditional culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body. Since Sinology is a traditional culture and academic in China, it undoubtedly includes medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, mathematics, etc. It certainly belongs to the category of Sinology, but it can also be said to be an extension of Sinology.

Sinology originally refers to national universities, such as imperial academy and imperial academy. Sinology refers to the theory of learning, which originated from the historical period of western learning spreading to the east and cultural transformation. It rose in the early 20th century and flourished in1920s. In Chinese mainland, after the Cultural Revolution, the freedom of thought and learning gradually recovered, and the academic space of China traditional culture gradually expanded. Since 1980s, "Chinese studies" have been revived.

The theory of "Chinese studies" came into being in the historical period of western learning spreading to the east and cultural transformation. Strictly speaking, the academic circles have not given us a unified and clear definition of Chinese studies so far. Famous experts have different opinions, but they can't agree. Generally speaking, Deng Shi, the quintessence of Chinese culture, wrote in 1906: "What is a China scholar? A country's learning is also. Life with land is on it, because there is a country, and people with a country have their own knowledge. Learning to be excellent is an official, learning to be excellent is an official, and governing the country is safe. " Lecture on Chinese Studies, Chinese Cooking Magazine. 19) Mr. Deng's concept of Chinese studies is very broad, but he mainly emphasizes the practicality of Chinese studies.

Chinese studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, customs, textual research, ethics, edition and so on. , with Confucian philosophy as the mainstream; Ideologically, it should be divided into three schools: pre-Qin philosophers, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Confucianism runs through and dominates the history of China's thoughts, and everything else is subordinate. Sinology is divided into four parts: classics, history, philosophy and history, but the classics and philosophers are the main ones, especially the classics. It is divided into primary school, Confucian classics, history, philosopher and literature by Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies.

Zhang Taiyan said in Introduction to Chinese Studies: The noumenon of Chinese Studies is classic non-myth, classic non-religion and historical non-fiction; The method of governing the country is to distinguish the authenticity of secretaries, to know primary schools, to know geography, to know the changes of human feelings in ancient and modern times, and to use literary talents.

Deng Shi, the quintessence of Chinese culture, said, "What are the scholars in China? A country's learning is also. Life with land is on it, because there is a country, and people with a country have their own knowledge. Those who learn, learn from a country, think that the country is used, and rule a country. " ("Chinese Studies Seminar")

1. Studies on Chinese Studies, edited by Peking University China Traditional Culture Research Center, edited by Yuan Xingpei, published by beijing beijing University Press 1993- up to now.

2. The New Sinology Research, edited by the New Sinology Research Center of Shantou University, published by Beijing People's Literature Publishing House, from 2005 to now.

3. New Sinology, editor-in-chief of the Editorial Committee of New Sinology of Chinese Department of Sichuan University, published by Chengdu Bashu Bookstore 1999- up to now.

4. What is the word "Chinese studies" in Chinese studies? It has existed since ancient times. "Li Zhouguan is a pure musician" said: "The musicians are in charge of Chinese studies to teach China children small dances." "Book of Rites" also said: "The ancient teachers have learned, the party has a dilemma, the technique is orderly, and the state-owned learning." Sun Yirang (1848- 1908) pointed out in his book "Justice in Zhou Li": "The scholars in China also stayed in the Palace Primary School in Guocheng." Thus, in ancient China, "Sinology" refers to a national school, equivalent to imperial academy in the Han Dynasty. Since then, the nature and function of Sinology have changed with the change of dynasties.

During Zhenyuan period of Tang Dynasty, Li Bo studied in Bailudong, Lushan Mountain. In Nantang, he built a learning museum in the original site, named "Lushan Guo Xue" (also known as "Bailudong Guo Xue", "Lushan imperial academy" and "Lushan Bookstore"), and used the concept of "Guo Xue" for the first time. In the Song Dynasty, it was renamed "Bailudong Academy" as a place to collect books and give lectures. Academies flourished in the Song Dynasty, and four academies appeared: Bailu, Shigu (Songyang), Suiyang and Yuelu. From this point of view, "Lushan Guo Xue" is actually an "academic hall" that not only collects books but also gives lectures, which is the later "academy".

At that time, the collected books and professors' knowledge were naturally the traditional academic culture of China. Judging from the actual situation of the Fourth Academy of Song Dynasty, the concepts of "traditional Chinese studies" and "traditional Chinese medicine" are the same. "Chinese medicine" is Chinese medicine, and "Chinese studies" is naturally Chinese studies. Without the concepts of "western medicine", "western learning" and "western learning", this concept was originally well understood and accepted. Only when "western medicine", "western learning" and "western learning" appear, it is easy to produce ambiguity and cause controversy.

However, it was at the beginning of the 20th century, when western learning spread to the east, and China's society and academic culture were in an unprecedented transition period, that "Sinology" was really compared with many "Westernization", that is, it was put forward as a concept with China as a whole.