Brief introduction of emperor Xianfeng

Emperor Xianfeng (1831July17-1861August 22nd) was the ninth emperor of the Qing dynasty, the seventh emperor after the Qing soldiers entered Beijing, and the last emperor in the history of the Qing dynasty and China. Xianfeng died at 3 1 year. Xianfeng was the last emperor in history of qing dynasty to inherit the throne through a secret collection. Later generations called him the "four noes" emperor with no vision, talent, inaction and courage. Shortly after he ascended the throne, the Taiping Rebellion took place, and then the British and French allied forces attacked Beijing and burned the Yuanmingyuan. Most of him are indecisive and helpless in the face of major events, obsessed with debauchery, neglecting state affairs, loving Ye Henara (the future Cixi), losing his country and people, leaving eternal regrets.

Early experience

Aisingiorro Yi, a literate scholar in Qing Dynasty, was born in the 11th year of Daoguang (183 1 July 17), the fourth son of Daoguang Emperor, and his mother was Niu Zhilu, the empress of Xiaoquan City.

In the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang, Daoguang used the method of establishing a family, and the title of the book was sealed. At the end of the 30th year of Daoguang, Daoguang was unprepared, so he summoned the minister to show his calligraphy and made him the Crown Prince. After Xuanzong's death, Xianfeng acceded to the throne and gave Qin En a letter, taking the second year as the first year of Xianfeng.

ascend the throne

After he ascended the throne, Hou Yi faced the ruling crisis of internal and external troubles. At that time, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement broke out in Guangxi. Soon after, he marched into Hunan, Hubei and Xianfeng, and in March of three years (1853), he conquered Nanjing as the capital and renamed it Tianjing, competing with the Qing Dynasty. Western powers planned to launch a war of aggression against China in the name of "amending the treaty". Russia mobilized troops in the northeast of China and forcibly occupied a large territory north of Heilongjiang in China.

In order to save the crisis, Emperor Xianfeng wanted to eliminate disadvantages and seek treatment. He went to Renxian to exorcise evil spirits in an attempt to revive the Dharma. Zeng Guofan, a Han bureaucrat, was widely used, relying on the armed forces of Han landlords trained and commanded by him to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Nian Army Uprising. Dare to do Su Shun got promoted, Su Shun and others got the support of getting rid of graft. At the same time, he dismissed A, who had been the military affairs minister for more than 20 years in Daoguang dynasty, coveted position and hindered the country's illness, and executed the notorious capitulator official and the predecessor who presided over the lottery in the first Opium War.

In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), the British and French allied forces launched the second opium war against China and captured Guangzhou. In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), the British and French fleets captured Dagu Fort, which was almost equal to Tianjin. Xianfeng sent Gui Liang and Hua Shanna to Tianjin to make peace, and signed the Sino-British Tianjin Treaty, the Sino-American Tianjin Treaty, the Sino-French Tianjin Treaty and the Sino-Russian Tianjin Treaty with Britain, the United States, France and Russia respectively. Dissatisfied with the rights stipulated in the Tianjin Treaty, the powers deliberately went to war again. Emperor Xianfeng ordered the Qing army to strengthen the defense of Dagukou. In the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), the British and French invaders were defeated in the Dagukou conflict deliberately provoked by Britain. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Britain and France jointly invaded China again. British and French forces attacked Beitang. When the Qing army fought fiercely with the British and French allied forces, Emperor Xianfeng actually let the commander-in-chief of the Qing army retreat, and Dagu fell again.

1860, the British and French allied forces captured Tianjin and then invaded Beijing. Emperor Xianfeng sent Zai Yuan, Prince Yi and Minister of War Yin Mu as imperial envoys to Tongzhou to make peace with Britain and France. Under the cover of peace talks, the British and French allied forces continued to organize attacks on Beijing. After defeating the Qing army at Baliqiao in Tongzhou, they attacked Beijing, and the Yuanmingyuan and Qingyi Gardens were burned and robbed. Emperor Xianfeng fled from Yuanmingyuan to Jehol (now Chengde City) and ordered Prince Gong to stay in Beijing for peace talks. On behalf of the Qing Dynasty, Yixin signed the Sino-British Beijing Treaty, the Sino-French Beijing Treaty and the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty with Britain, France and Russia, and ratified the Sino-British Tianjin Treaty and the Sino-French Tianjin Treaty. In the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty, Yi Shan, a general of Heilongjiang Province in the Qing Dynasty, was admitted to be forced by Russia to sign the Love Faint Treaty in the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858).

Die and entrust an orphan

In the 11th year of Xianfeng (186 1), Emperor Xianfeng was seriously ill in Jehol Palace on July 15th. 16, Xianfeng summoned Zai Yuan, Taiziyi, Duanhua, Jing Shou, Minister of Command, Su Shun, Yin Mu, Kuangyuan, Du Han, Jiao Youying, etc. Xian Fengyu: "Li Zai Chun, the eldest son of the emperor, the crown prince." He also said: "Zai Chun, the eldest son of the emperor, is now the Crown Prince. He has sent Zai Yuan, Duanhua, Jing Shou, Su Shun, Yin Mu, Kuangyuan, Du Han and Jiao Youying to assist and praise all government affairs." This is the famous "Eight Ministers of Gu Ming" or "Eight Ministers of Zanxiang Government Affairs" in history. Zai Yuan, etc. Please ask Zhu Biqin, Emperor Xianfeng, to write as a sign of solemnity. Emperor Xianfeng was seriously ill at this time, and he couldn't control it. He ordered the courtiers to write to Zhu Yu. Before his death, Xianfeng awarded the seal of "Imperial Reward" to Queen Jing Yun and the seal of "Hometown" to the Prince (Yi Guifei Ye La was in charge). /kloc-on the morning of 0/7, Emperor Xianfeng died at the age of 3 1.

Temple number Wenzong, posthumous title Xie Tianzhi Zhong Chui Mo Mao De Zhenwu Duan Ren Kuan Jian Xian profile, buried in Dingling, succeeded by his son Aisingiorro Zai Chun after his death, namely Tongzhi Emperor.