What is a special teacher?

The special teacher system was established in 1978 based on the opinions of Comrade Deng Xiaoping. On April 22, 1978, Deng Xiaoping clearly stated at the National Education Work Conference when he spoke about respecting the labor of teachers that “appropriate measures must be taken. Encourage people to engage in education throughout their lives. Especially outstanding teachers can be designated as special teachers." Before the meeting, Comrade Xiaoping had already used Jingshan School as a pilot and personally designated the three teachers selected by the school as special teachers. The first and earliest special teacher appointed in the country. According to Comrade Deng Xiaoping's speech, in October 1978, the Ministry of Education and the State Planning Commission formulated and issued the "Interim Regulations on the Selection of Special-grade Teachers", and issued a notice on December 7 to start the selection of special-grade teachers nationwide. The document stipulates: "The selection of special teachers should adhere to the principles of strict control and seeking truth from facts, and the selection should be carried out carefully and carefully in strict accordance with the selection conditions. If there are teachers in various places and schools who meet the selection conditions, they will be selected, otherwise, they will not be selected. The first selection , the selection ratio in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin is tentatively controlled within 50%, and other places should be lower than this ratio. "For the selected special-grade teachers, until the national salary reform is implemented, a temporary subsidy method will be adopted. : The monthly subsidy for primary school special teachers is 20 yuan, and the monthly subsidy for middle school special teachers is 30 yuan. ”

In June 1993, the former State Education Commission, Ministry of Personnel, and Ministry of Finance issued a monthly subsidy of 20 yuan based on the quality of primary and secondary school teachers. To meet the needs of improving and building a backbone teacher team, in accordance with the spirit of Comrade Xiaoping's series of speeches on the construction of primary and secondary school teachers, the interim regulations for the selection of special-grade teachers were revised to the "Special-grade Teacher Selection Regulations", which further clarified the conditions for special-grade teachers and increased the number of selections. , the special teacher allowance was increased to 80 yuan per person per month, and will continue to be enjoyed after retirement without reducing the amount.

In the past 13 years, great changes have taken place in the wages of the whole society and of teachers, but the 80 yuan subsidy for special teachers has not changed. The 80 yuan subsidy has changed from about 1/3 of the original teacher salary to about 1/30. In some developed areas, it only accounts for about 1/60 of the teacher salary. Therefore, many people say that "the price of special teachers has dropped." Special teachers are no longer available. No longer so envied and sought after by others.

However, the situation across the country is different. Although the national special teacher allowance regulations have not changed, some local governments have increased the salary of local special teachers in order to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. For example, Harbin City in Heilongjiang Province stipulates that, In addition to enjoying a monthly subsidy of 80 yuan per person, special teachers also receive an additional monthly post allowance of 300 yuan for in-service special teachers; Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, adds an additional 800 yuan to the national subsidy of 80 yuan; Handan City, Hebei Province increases the monthly subsidy for special teachers to 600 yuan; Tianjin Dongli District raised the bonus to 800 yuan per month; Hubei Hongshan District raised it to 1,000 yuan per month; Jiangsu Nanjing raised it to 1,200 yuan per month; Xinjiang Karamay City raised it to 2,000 yuan per month; Shanghai Qingpu District raised it to every 1,500 yuan per month; in Jiading District, Shanghai, it is raised to 20,000 yuan per person per year; in Zhenhai District, Ningbo, it is raised to 40,000 yuan per person per year... The special teachers in these places are very enviable. However, this is only the behavior of some local governments below the provincial level. Most areas across the country are still implementing the 80 yuan monthly standard set by the country 12 years ago, and are waiting for the country to raise the standard. For example, in 2004, the Guangdong Provincial Department of Personnel responded to the suggestions of the Provincial People's Congress deputies and stated that as teachers' salaries have generally improved, the allowance standards for special teachers need to be adjusted accordingly. However, due to conservative thinking, they are still waiting for the state to raise the standards.

In fact, there were flaws in the special teacher system when it was first established. "Special Teacher" is an advanced and professional title created by the state to commend outstanding primary and secondary school teachers. The 1978 document stipulates: "For the selected special-grade teachers, until the national salary reform is implemented, a temporary subsidy method will be adopted." This was just a measure of rights and interests at the time. The implication is that after the national teacher salary is changed to a professional title salary, it will be treated as a professional title. . However, the revised document in 1993 did not change "special teacher" into a professional title based on the professional title salary system that had been implemented for seven years, but continued to stipulate it as a special "title" - a person who enjoys professional allowances title. The allowance is fixed and does not increase with the salary increase. Therefore, although many provinces stipulate that special-grade teachers enjoy senior-level treatment in medical and other aspects, it is only a formality. The salary of special-level teachers is very different from that of senior-level teachers.

In 1987, when the first evaluation of professional titles in primary and secondary schools across the country was conducted, the quality of primary and secondary school teachers was still relatively low. Most in-service teachers had unqualified academic qualifications and low professional standards. Therefore, when designing the teacher job hierarchy, the highest middle school teacher is a senior middle school teacher (deputy senior), and the highest primary school teacher is a primary school senior teacher (intermediate). Particularly outstanding primary school senior teachers can be rated as middle school senior teachers, and the number is very small. In order to distinguish them from Senior middle school teachers in various places have some common names that they understand: "Xiao Gao Gao", "Xiao Zhong Gao", etc., which are neither fish nor fowl. This time the "Compulsory Education Law" is revised, the positions of teachers in the compulsory education section are unified and changed into "junior positions, intermediate positions and senior positions". The "senior positions" here are still set to deputy senior positions, and there is no change in the number of teachers in primary and secondary schools. High-end status.

In fact, in the 20 years since the first teacher titles were assessed after the reform and opening up, the quality of primary and secondary school teachers has undergone earth-shaking changes. According to China Education News, by 2005, the qualification rates of full-time teachers in primary schools, junior high schools, and high schools across the country had reached 98.62%, 95.24%, and 83.46% respectively, and the proportion of teachers with higher-level academic qualifications was increasing year by year. The proportion of full-time teachers in ordinary primary schools with a college degree or above is 56.35%, the proportion of full-time teachers in ordinary junior high schools with a bachelor's degree or above is 35.31%, and the proportion of full-time teachers in ordinary high schools with a graduate degree is 1.18%. These proportions are national data. In many developed regions and cities, teachers’ academic qualifications are much higher. Many primary and secondary school teachers already have master’s degrees or even doctoral degrees. When a middle school in Beijing was recruiting teachers, more than 20 masters and three doctoral students participated in the competition. This phenomenon also occurs in elementary schools. Now, the proportion of deputy senior teachers in junior high schools and high schools has reached 6.56% and 19.29%. This is a huge senior professional and technical team in the country. There should be more than 500,000 teachers in senior positions in primary and secondary schools across the country. Due to the improvement of academic qualifications and other qualities, many teachers are rated as deputy seniors when they are around 40 years old, and some are even rated as deputy seniors in their 30s. Some doctors who teach in primary schools can be rated as deputy seniors before the age of 30. However, since there are no senior teacher positions in primary and secondary schools, these people cannot be promoted to other positions even after retirement. In other words, more than 500,000 deputy senior primary and secondary school teachers across the country have no new goals to strive for, and some senior secondary school teachers start to dawdle around the age of 40. This cannot but be said to be caused by systemic flaws in the job design of primary and secondary school teachers. It is not only not conducive to the professional growth of many deputy senior teachers, but also conducive to the retention of high-level professional talents in primary and secondary schools, and it is not conducive to the cultivation of expert primary and secondary school teachers.

According to reports, Ningbo, Chongqing, Nanjing and other places had already implemented before 2003 that ordinary university graduates could be rated as senior teachers after 10 years of work. There are many senior teachers in their early 30s, and retired The problem of "aggressive goals" has been lost for more than 20 years, and the selection of "professor-level" senior middle school teachers has begun. Although the number is small and the conditions are very harsh, it has mobilized the enthusiasm of a large number of primary and secondary school teachers. But this local system breakthrough from the Ministry of Education has not been promoted nationwide. In fact, in the first professional title reform, majors such as engineering technology and agricultural technology extension did not design senior positions. However, in recent years, these majors have gradually begun to evaluate senior positions. From this point of view, the Ministry of Education is a bit conservative and does not Do it according to the requirements of advancing with the times.

In order to develop education across the country, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Personnel should have the courage to keep pace with the times, comply with the requirements of improving teacher quality and educational development, and establish senior positions in primary and secondary schools. As for how to determine the name, the author believes that the simplest way is to change the "special teacher" from an "advanced professional title" to a senior professional and technical position. In this way, it not only solves the problem of many deputy senior teachers not pursuing their goals, but also solves the problem of special teacher allowances not keeping pace with the times. It also solves the problem of irregular names in the selection of "professor-level middle school senior teachers" in some places. It is conducive to promoting educational equity across the country and conducive to the construction of a team of experts in primary and secondary schools.

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