Theme-free variation: enterprises have no future without distinction between government and enterprise.

-the distance relationship between Zijin and the government

Enterprises must operate according to the market mechanism-do nothing, regulate the behavior of the government-from absolute holding to relative holding, the best way to solve the separation of government and enterprise-do nothing, and win-win between enterprises and the government

In the Zijin showroom on the first floor of Zijin Building, No.277 North Ring Road, Shanghang County, Fujian Province, people can see the magnificent model of Zijin Mountain. But at the same time, it is impressive that there are photos hanging on the wall of leaders of relevant departments of the country, Fujian Province, Longyan City and Shanghang County inspecting Zijin Mining, photos taken with Zijin leaders and their inscriptions for Zijin Mining.

Undoubtedly, these photos and inscriptions reflect the concern and support of leaders at all levels for the development of Zijin Mining, and fully affirm Zijin's achievements. However, Zijin people hang these photos and inscriptions in their showrooms, but they can't help but think about another serious question-how do they handle the relationship between enterprises and the government in the development of Zijin?

due to historical reasons, the relationship between Chinese enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises and the government has always been an important factor restricting the normal development of enterprises. In many places, the phenomenon that the government eats large enterprises occurs from time to time; In other places, the government regards enterprises as its own purse, cash cow and small coffers. As a result, enterprises blossom and fall, which is like a flash in the pan, and it is difficult to be profitable.

as a special industry, what is the relationship between gold mining enterprises and the government?

gold is a specific mineral classified as protective mining in China. The state practices planned mining, and no unit or individual may mine it without the approval of the state gold management department. Under the planned economy system, the state guarantees the supply of the main unified materials needed for gold production, and imported materials are exempted from import duties. These regulations make the gold industry a relatively independent and closed production system.

from the perspective of product management and sales, as mentioned above, gold products are not market-oriented competitive products at this stage. Products are managed by the state in a unified way, and are purchased and distributed in a unified way. Although since 1993, China's gold price has basically been in line with the international gold price, its mechanism is still non-market-oriented, and the way of price setting and floating contains strong administrative nature.

The planned and monopolistic operation of the gold industry in China determines the particularity of the management mode of the gold industry. The state has always set up special management institutions to directly supervise and manage the operation of the gold industry. However, the adjustment of the state's management institutions for gold has never reached a stable state: from 1949, the Ministry of Heavy Industry of the Central People's Government took charge, in 1956, the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry took over, in 1965, the Gold Professional Company of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry was established, in 1976, the Gold Administration of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry was established, in 1979, the China Gold Corporation was established, in 1988, and in 1993, it was changed to.

from a macro point of view, there are many problems in China's gold enterprises, such as multi-head management, departmental management and serious loss of state-owned assets. In China, gold resources are managed by the Ministry of Land and Resources, gold production is managed by the Gold Administration Bureau of the State Economic and Trade Commission, and product circulation is managed by the Currency, Gold and Silver Bureau of the People's Bank of China, which leads to the disconnection between gold resources management, production management and product management. This multi-head management makes it difficult for the unified management functions of gold production specified by the state to be fully implemented in practice, while the increasingly complex social environment of the gold industry greatly increases the difficulty of gold industry management. In addition, the gold industry is still managed by administrative means instead of economic and legal means, which makes the marketization process of the gold industry far behind other industries.

When Chen Jinghe, a geological captain, made up his mind to develop Zijinshan, he probably didn't have time to think carefully about the main problems faced by China's gold industry management. However, when Chen Jinghe took charge of Zijin Shuaiyin, he gave a clear relationship between the government and enterprises with his own practical actions, although he may not have fully realized it at that time.

in p>1993, when Chen Jinghe was transferred to Shanghang, the then Shanghang county party secretary was afraid of being wronged, so he said to him, "You are the talent we introduced. You will be the deputy director of the Economic Commission, in charge of mining! " However, Chen Jinghe replied almost without thinking: "I came for the development of Purple Mountain, and it is useless to be in charge. I will directly participate. " As a result, he took office and became the manager of Shanghang mining company, which was small in scale and had poor benefits at that time.

At that time, there may be a subconscious in Chen Jinghe's mind-the government is the manager and the server; Enterprises are the actual participants, and they should perform their respective duties and keep a certain distance.

Five years later, in 1998, Chen Jinghe was interviewed by a reporter. When talking about the relationship between the government and enterprises, Chen Jinghe gave a clear answer: "The development of enterprises can not be separated from the support of the government, and the rapid development of Zijin Group can not be separated from the support of Shanghang county party committee and county government. Shanghang county is a poverty-stricken county, and its finance is difficult, but the county has adopted the policy of releasing water and raising fish for the company, and never interfered with the company's operation. We have given strong support to the introduced talents in terms of settlement, family employment, and children's schooling, creating a good environment for the development of Zijin Group. "

from all the senior managers of Zijin, people can feel their full affirmation and gratitude to the main leaders of Shanghang county people's government and the government departments at all levels for their role in enterprise development.

Indeed, Zijinshan Gold Mine, located in a poor mountainous county, has made great progress under the market economy, and a good external environment has played an important role.

there is no way out for enterprises without separating government from enterprise. In the process of establishing a socialist market economy, it is essential to abandon the old model of managing enterprises under the planned economy system and really implement "separation of government from enterprise". At this point, the Shanghang County Party Committee, the county government and the leaders of Zijin Mining have formed a * * * knowledge. "Gutian Conference always shines", Shanghang County Party Committee and county government have not been blocked by the surrounding mountains, but insist on "development is the last word", seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times, earnestly implement the government functions of "planning, coordination, supervision and service", and strive to create a relaxed development environment for Zijin Mining.

In response to the "distance relationship" between the government and enterprises proposed by Zijin Mining, Shanghang County leaders clearly stated that the government should create a relaxed environment for the development of enterprises, actively provide services and stay out of the internal affairs of enterprises.

The government's recognition of the distance relationship between Zijin and the government gives Zijin Mining Group a lot of autonomy. Except the chairman and general manager of the company are managed by Shanghang County, all other people, finance and property rights are basically delegated to the enterprise, which enables the enterprise to do great things freely and greatly stimulates the enthusiasm of enterprise development. In order to ensure the development of Zijinshan Gold Mine into the world-class largest gold mine in China, and to solve the power supply problem of enterprises, Zijin Mining invested more than 3 million yuan to build Bashang Hydropower Station in Shanghang County with an installed capacity of 4,8 kilowatts. This project was implemented by Zijin Mining itself after organizing experts to conduct scientific argumentation, and the Shanghang County People's Government did not intervene.

Shanghang county leaders are also enthusiastic about creating conditions and providing services for the development of Zijinshan gold mine. In order to ensure the development of Zijinshan Gold Mine, Shanghang County local government and relevant departments have given strong support to the mine in terms of land requisition, forest, capital, environmental protection and creating a stable surrounding environment. Zijinshan Gold Mine is a new mine developed in recent years, which is short of talents and urgently needs senior professional and technical personnel of various specialties. To this end, Zijin Mining opened its doors, implemented the marketization of employing people, and recruited talents for the whole country. Under the great pressure of employment in the county, Shanghang county leaders gave policy support to Zijinshan gold mine from the actual needs of its development. In 1992 and 1993, Zijin Mining's talent strategy achieved remarkable results, which was inseparable from the strong support of Shanghang County Party Committee and county government. A senior engineer who resigned from the northwest and came to Zijinshan Gold Mine with his family, the county gave him the green light to settle down in Shanghang. Thanks to the strong support of leaders and departments at all levels in Shanghang County, Zijin Mining Group Company has introduced more than ten experts in mining, dressing and metallurgy and a group of professional and technical personnel from all over the country, and the joining of these talents has played an important role in the sustained and healthy development of Zijin Mining.

The leaders of Fujian Metallurgical Department, Fujian Gold Company and Longyan City have also devoted a lot of efforts to the development of Zijinshan Gold Mine. In May, 1997, Fujian Gold Company hosted a provincial gold work conference in Shanghang County. The meeting organized delegates to inspect the site of Zijinshan Gold Mine, and established Zijin as a metallurgical model in the whole province, which greatly enhanced the popularity of Zijin Mining. The leaders of Fujian Metallurgical Department, Fujian Gold Company and Longyan City also visited Zijinshan Gold Mine for inspection and guidance many times to help solve various problems. When Daming Chen, director of Fujian Metallurgical Department, came to Zijinshan Gold Mine to understand the situation and guide the work, he pointed out that the current new situation of socialist market economy should not be viewed from the perspective of mountain people. In the process of enterprise production and development, we should have pioneering confidence and courage. Only in this way can enterprises truly embark on the road of healthy development. Zhao Juerong, secretary of Longyan Municipal Party Committee, and his party visited Zijinshan Gold Mine for inspection and guidance. They pointed out that the construction of Zijinshan Gold Mine and the development of Zijin Mining Group have blazed a unique road for the reform of state-owned enterprises in the old areas of western Fujian, and asked the relevant departments to give strong support to Zijin Mining Group in policy, capital and spiritual civilization construction, so as to create a good environment for accelerating the development of Zijinshan Gold Mine and promote the faster development of enterprises. At present, Zijin Mining's gold production has accounted for 8% of Fujian Province.

in p>2, Fujian Zijin Mining Co., Ltd. proposed to rebuild ten Zijin in ten years. However, the reconstruction of ten Zijin is by no means effective only by rolling development. To rebuild ten Zijin in ten years, we must establish a big development idea and fundamentally solve the system and mechanism problems of enterprises.

as early as 1997, Zijin people were thinking about how to make the enterprise bigger and stronger, how to solve the problem of separating government from enterprise, and how to solve the idea that "the enterprise is grandpa's" in managers' minds. When they were engaged in the third phase of technical transformation, they clearly proposed to build a world-class mining company and determined the "three-step" reform and development strategy (that is, the "three-step" strategy in the history of Zijin's development, or the "three-step" strategy of Zijin's restructuring).

the first step is to absorb employees' shares and transform the wholly state-owned enterprise into a limited liability enterprise with employees' shares, and the state-owned shares will be reduced to 87%.

this step was completed at the end of 1998. Since then, the fate of workers and enterprises have been closely linked.

The main reason for this step of enterprise restructuring is that employee stock ownership will well supervise the words and deeds of the leading group. Chen Jinghe said: "If I toss away the money of the enterprise, the employees will not agree and will settle accounts with me." Although the shares held by employees are small, they are of great significance.

the second step is to absorb private elements and set up a joint stock limited company. Zijin Mining introduced Xinhuadu, the largest private department store group in Fujian. Xinhuadu Department Store Group and other private enterprises invested 48 million yuan in cash, accounting for 33% of the shares, becoming the second largest shareholder of Zijin.

With the implementation of the second-step strategy of restructuring, Zijin Mining reduced its state-owned shares to 48%, from absolute holding to relative holding; The other two * * * accounted for 19%.

after the reduction of state-owned shares, Zijin Mining also openly recruited the general manager from the society. On July 26th, 2, Luo Yingnan (director level), a government official and manager of Longyan Metallurgical Company, applied for a contract and became a high-level "migrant worker" in Zijin. The second restructuring of Zijin fundamentally solved the system problems that hindered the development of enterprises.

introducing private enterprises as strategic investors of Zijin, Zijin leaders believe that it is very important to find hierarchical partners. Take Xinhuadu, a shareholder, as an example. Although their main business is department stores, they are familiar with Zijin and both sides are familiar with it. Huadu Engineering Company, which contracted the Zijinshan mining project, is a subsidiary of Xinhuadu Group. This company has more than 1 million equipment invested in mining, and most of the large-scale mining equipment in Zijinshan is theirs.

after the participation of private shares, the shareholders' shares of several private enterprises merged, surpassing the state-owned controlling shareholders. However, they did not send a person to the management team, but only sent a vice chairman, a supervisor and a director, and did not participate in the management team, thus truly separating the ownership and management rights.

the success of Zijin's second-step restructuring can be said to be the best result of the relationship between Zijin and the government, and it is a typical example. Since this restructuring, the characteristics of Zijin mechanism have begun to take shape, and the advantages of Zijin mechanism have been fully revealed.

so what are the characteristics of Zijin?

Chen Jinghe believes that the characteristic of Zijin is that it is neither a complete state-owned enterprise nor has the defects of state-owned enterprises, and it is more dynamic than state-owned enterprises; Nor is it a completely private enterprise.

Zijin people believe that the success of this restructuring is inseparable from the support of local governments. Zijin is a high-growth enterprise and a pillar of county finance. It is really commendable that the government can let private capital in and retire on its own.

the third step is to prepare for listing and accumulate funds for enterprise expansion. After the second step of Zijin's restructuring was successful, they made clear the goal of listing. After careful analysis of domestic gold enterprises, careful study of modern enterprise system, and combined with their own economic strength, Zijin Mining, which has never followed the rules, is "whimsical" again this time-they want to be listed in Hong Kong and become a high-tech market with strong hands! Zijin has a series of technological achievements that have reached the domestic advanced level, and some projects have even reached the international advanced level; Zijin has been listed as "Key High-tech Enterprise of National Torch Program" by the Ministry of Science and Technology. All this is ready for Zijin's listing.

one year after the establishment of Fujian Zijin mining co., ltd., leaders of Zijin and Shanghang county fully affirmed the great promotion of the reduction of state-owned shares to Zijin's development, and thought that the retreat of state-owned shares from absolute holding to relative holding was the fundamental way to solve the separation between government and enterprises, and also the most important guarantee for enterprises to truly operate according to the modern enterprise system.

Li Da, deputy general manager, chief economist and doctor of economics of Zijin Mining, commented that a wholly state-owned enterprise is an appendage of the government. Enterprises have no future without separating government from enterprise. After the restructuring, enterprises keep a certain distance from the government, and then the financing problem. At present, the capital structure of Fujian Zijin Mining Co., Ltd. is a balanced mechanism, and mutual restriction is conducive to the reliability of investment decisions. It is this mutual restriction between Zijin's major shareholders that has laid a solid foundation for the enterprise to improve its corporate governance structure and long-term rapid growth.

The government relationship of Zijin Mining has enabled the enterprise to obtain an external environment for healthy development, and the sturm und drang-like development of the enterprise has also attracted the attention of more senior leaders. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the main leader of Fujian provincial government and the owner of the National Gold Bureau.