How should enterprises implement the export policy of China's software industry development?

How should enterprises implement the export policy of China's software industry development

To realize the development strategy of building a new country in China, information industry should be regarded as the basic industry and leading industry of the national economy, and the software industry as the core of the information industry should be listed as the top priority. The software industry is becoming a new growth point of China's economic development.

1. The export status of China's software industry

1. The scale of China's software industry. According to China Electronic News, as of September, 25, there were 12,458 software enterprises in China. In 1999, there were only 38 software enterprises that exceeded 1 million yuan nationwide, and in 24, there were more than 2. In 1999, only one software enterprise in China passed the CMM2 assessment, and by the end of 24, more than 1 software enterprises had passed the CMM2 assessment. Among them, there are 6 enterprises with CMM5 level 5 certification. In 23, the state identified 172 key software enterprises in the national planning layout, and dynamically adjusted them to 164 in 24. By the end of September, 25, 1,713 enterprises in * * * all over the country had obtained the qualification certification of system integrators, including 71 enterprises with Grade 1 qualification, 315 enterprises with Grade 2 qualification, 876 enterprises with Grade 3 qualification and 451 enterprises with Grade 4 qualification. It can be seen that China's software industry has begun to take shape, and the industry is in a stage of rapid development.

2. Total software industry in China from 21 to 25. (Figure 1) From 21 to 25, the total amount of China's software industry grew faster and faster, with an average growth rate of 36.6% during this period, far higher than that of other domestic industries.

3. China's total software export from 21 to 25. (Figure 2) From 21 to 25, China's total software exports increased significantly, with an average growth rate of 55.6% during this period. The proportion of software exports to the total industry fluctuates around 1% every year. Among them, the total software export to Japan reached about 13.9 billion yuan in 24, accounting for 6% of the total export. Japan has become the largest importer of software in China. (Figure 3)

II. Advantages of China's software export industry

(1) Stable political environment and perfect infrastructure. Undoubtedly, China's stable political environment is the main reason why foreign investors choose China enterprises as partners. China's software exports are concentrated in the eastern coastal cities and Beijing, where the infrastructure is perfect, talents are abundant, and many foreign-funded enterprises enter, which has a good economic and social foundation.

(2) The Chinese government has issued preferential policies to support software outsourcing and information service export. China has vigorously developed software and information services, and the central government and local governments have introduced various preferential measures to support industrial development. Liaoning has set up a special support fund for the manufacturing industry of electronic information industry, and Dalian has set up a special fund for the revitalization of Northeast China, taking electronic information as one of the five key support industries.

(3) Software parks and software export bases make the export of software and information services form a high industrial concentration. At present, China has formed 11 national software industrial bases, 29 national torch plan software industrial bases and 6 national software export bases, and a large number of software outsourcing enterprises are concentrated here, which has produced agglomeration effect.

third, the shortcomings in the export of China's software industry

China's software industry has a weak foundation. The scale of China's software industry is comparable to that of India, but the export scale is only 1/1 of that of India. The export market is single, mainly concentrated in Japan, lacking core competitiveness, independent brands and independent intellectual property rights.

(1) The market structure is single. The export market structure of software products in China is unreasonable, among which Japan is the main export market in China, accounting for 6% of the total export, Europe and the United States account for 16%, Southeast Asia accounts for 15%, and other countries account for 9%. As can be seen from this set of data, China's software export enterprises are heavily dependent on the Japanese market, while they are under-developed in other markets such as Europe and the United States. As a single country, Japan's demand for software products is limited after all, so the development of China's software industry will be limited if Japan is taken as the target market. Different from China, India is dominated by European and American markets, with huge market potential, which provides a broad space for the development of the software industry.

(2) the product development is not deep. Software development generally goes through the following steps: requirements analysis → outline design → detailed design → coding → unit testing → combined testing → comprehensive testing → system trial operation → formal operation → maintenance, etc. Take the software development in Japan as an example: in the software development mode in Japan, Japanese software companies generally send a part of the project to foreign cooperative enterprises such as China again to complete the development task after taking orders, in order to reduce costs and increase profits. Due to the distance between language and geography, generally, Chinese software enterprises in Japan hand over the coding and unit testing work to the Japanese side on the basis of detailed design books. Then, the Japanese side will do the following work such as combination test. It can be seen that China has only completed a few intermediate steps in the whole software development work, focusing on the low end of the whole industrial chain.

(3) The turnover rate of talents is high, and there is a shortage of high-end talents. The personnel in the software industry are highly mobile, and many enterprises often make wedding dresses for others, and employees often jump ship. Taking Beijing as an example, the average turnover rate of talents in software and information service outsourcing enterprises is 18.28%; The average turnover rate in Dalian has also reached about 15%. The reasons for the high turnover rate are mainly related to factors such as the lack of attention to employee training, unstable business sources and unreasonable reward mechanism. This has a lot to do with the short contract period (generally three years) signed by enterprises and employees, and the fierce competition for senior talents among enterprises. Due to the rapid development of this industry, the demand for talents is in short supply. Although various colleges and universities have set up majors related to software development, and various training schools have emerged one after another, middle and senior talents are still in short supply. The demand for software development talents is divided into three levels in the enterprise: the highest level is software architect, who is required to be proficient in foreign languages and work in IT field for more than 8 years; The middle level is project managers PM and SE, who are required to be proficient in foreign languages, work in IT field for more than 3 years, and have more than 1 year project management experience; Grass-roots talents are mainly PG, which requires basic knowledge of foreign languages and more than 1 year IT experience. Generally, the ratio of these three levels is 1: 2: 7. At present, the proportion of senior talents in software development enterprises in China is only 1%, which is much lower than the standard requirement of 3% and far from meeting the needs of enterprises.

Fourth, vigorously develop the software export industry

Developing the export of software and information services is of great significance to our country. It is conducive to promoting the independent innovation of China's software industry, promoting the development of China's service trade, optimizing the national economic structure and transforming the mode of economic growth.

(1) Macro-control and policy support. The Ministry of Commerce should continue to strengthen the service and management of the existing six national software export bases. In addition, we should do the following work well:

1. Improve the policy environment. Issue the Guiding Opinions on Supporting and Encouraging the Export of Software and Information Services as soon as possible to standardize the management and statistical methods of software export.

2. Actively promote independent innovation. Promote enterprises to establish brand awareness and focus on developing independent brand software; Establish a software technical standard system and participate in the formulation of international standards and international standards; Take effective measures to strengthen the protection and supervision of software and intellectual property rights.

3. Encourage foreign investors to invest in China's software industry. Set up a high-level software research and development center in China; Encourage domestic software enterprises to conduct joint ventures or cooperation with foreign-funded enterprises to open up the international market for software export; Strengthen exchanges with internationally renowned exhibitions, forums and conferences.

(2) developing diversified markets. For the Japanese and Korean markets, China has geographical advantages, and the northeast region of China is rich in language and technical talents. Stabilizing the Japanese and Korean markets is a realistic and feasible development path. However, it should also be noted that relying only on the market of one or two countries has great risks, so we should develop a broad international market. At present, China's huge domestic market space is very attractive to European and American enterprises, so we should take this opportunity to explore the market in the development and outsourcing of related software in the mobile communication industry, the cooperative development of IT software for medical instruments, and BPO business in the financial field.

(3) extend the depth of product development. China's software development enterprises mostly focus on the development of low-end products or the low-end of product development. In transnational software development, it is difficult to extend to the high end due to the limitation of language and business knowledge. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, we should start from the following aspects:

1. Improve the ability of BSE and give full play to their role. The main responsibility of BSE is to sort out and convey the customer's requirements to the Chinese side; Training offshore personnel, explaining business, etc., so BSE is the bridge between China and foreign countries. For software enterprises, the quality of BSE determines the success or failure of software development. However, in fact, many BSEs are just translations with some technical knowledge. Due to the lack of BSE's ability, the communication between China and foreign countries has been hindered. Therefore, enterprises should cultivate high-level BSE to improve their ability in the following five aspects. (1) As SE's ability to solve customers' needs; (2) the ability to manage the progress of the project; (3) Improve the enthusiasm of offshore engineers and the ability to train talents; (4) Language ability to communicate with foreign offshore engineers; (5) Ability to understand foreign cultures and concepts.

2. exchange employees with foreign cooperative enterprises for a long time. On the one hand, the exchange of employees between Chinese enterprises and foreign cooperative enterprises can make Chinese employees fully understand the requirements of foreign countries for offshore development; On the other hand, foreign employees can guide offshore development and help solve the mistakes made by Chinese because they are not familiar with business knowledge and local culture. Moreover, communication between employees can also promote communication between the two sides and avoid conflicts arising from cultural differences.

3. Recruit foreign staff directly. At present, the Chinese government has created favorable conditions for foreigners to work in our country, and the wage level in our country is constantly improving. The huge development space in our country has attracted many foreigners to work in our country. Therefore, software enterprises can also seize this opportunity to hire foreign personnel and directly participate in software development. This can reduce errors caused by language and technology.

4. Open a branch abroad. Opening a branch in a foreign country makes it easier to master the detailed information about the software to be developed, better understand the local needs, and at the same time enhance the customer's sense of trust. Because of direct contact with customers, we can understand customers' intentions more deeply, develop products in depth, improve the depth and breadth of software development, and then control the whole process of software development.

(4) Training talents in various modes. Fully mobilize all kinds of resources and train software developers. Colleges and universities are rich in teachers' resources, and software export bases and outsourcing enterprises have practical experience and sensitive information in direct contact with the market, and grasp the training direction. Therefore, universities, software export bases and key outsourcing enterprises should carry out various forms of cooperation to cultivate talents. At present, many colleges and universities set up software development majors and strengthen foreign languages such as English, Japanese and Korean, which is a choice to adapt to the market. Colleges and universities cooperate with software export enterprises, which train students on the practical operation of software development, and colleges and universities recognize the corresponding credits, so as to improve students' ability to adapt to work. In addition to the integration of various domestic educational resources, we should also make use of various foreign advantageous resources. For example, relevant outsourcing service training institutions at home and abroad should cooperate and introduce foreign advanced outsourcing talent training models.