About the history of Chongqing

In the early Paleolithic period 2 million years ago, Wushan people, the earliest human in China, appeared in Wushan County. In the late Paleolithic period of 20,000-30,000 years ago, "Tongliang Culture" (now Tongliang District) appeared.

In Xia and Shang dynasties, it was a hundred dippers. "Huayang National Records" records: "There will be no common people's settlements in Yuegang County, but there will be common people's tombs", and the Chu family of Historical Records said: "(Chu Wuwang) began to open a land of Puyi, and there was a Puyi in the south of Jianning County. Puyi had no monarch and no president, and they all gathered in the city, so it was called Bai Puye." The Three Gorges area is the main source of rock salt in China. Because salt is one of the important hard currencies in ancient times, the civilization of Pakistan was born in Wushan area from Shang Dynasty to Western Zhou Dynasty.

During the Warring States Period, after Pakistan moved southward from Hanshui River Basin to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, it successively established its capital in Zhi Zhi (now Fuling District), Jiangzhou (now Yuzhong District) and Dianjiang (now Hechuan District). In the eighth year of King Zhouzhuang (689 BC), Bachu fought fiercely there (now southeast of Jingmen City, Hubei Province). The two sides were deadlocked for several months and the Pakistanis lost. The war in Bachu was intermittent, almost running through the history of Bachu.

In the fifth year of Zhou Shenliang (3 16), after the Qin Dynasty destroyed Pakistan, he stationed troops in Jiangzhou, and established the county town of Jianba (Jiangzhou City), which is located near Chaotianmen at the confluence of the Yangtze River and Jialing River in Yuzhong District. It is the beginning of Chongqing's urban construction. The Qin Dynasty divided the world into 36 counties, and Ba County was one of them.

In the Han Dynasty, Ba County ruled Jiangzhou, which belonged to Yizhou Secretariat. In the 11th year of Jianwu of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty (35 years), Cen Peng entered Yizhou from Jiangzhou to pacify Gongsun Shu. In the first year of Chuping in Xian Di (190), Liu Zhang was divided into Yongning County, where Jiangzhou was ruled. Six years after Jian 'an (20 1), Ba County was restored. In the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang decided Yizhou via Jiangzhou.

In the second year of Zhangwu in Shu Han Dynasty (222), Liu Bei entrusted orphans to Baidicheng (now fengjie county). Li Yan built a big city in Jiangzhou.

The rulers changed Yongning County to Ba Du County. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huan Wen crusaded against Shili and Zhu Lingshi pacified Qiao Zong, all of whom entered Yizhou from Jiangzhou.

The Southern Song Dynasty and Qifu were Ba County, and Jiangzhou was the county. In the 4th year of Liang Yuan in the Southern Dynasty (550), King Wuling set up Chuzhou in Ba County, and it was changed to Chuzhou in the 17th year of Western Unity (55 1), and changed to Chuzhou in the 1st year of Northern Zhou Dynasty (557). During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Baxian was successively under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou, Yizhou, Bazhou and Chuzhou.

In the first year of Huang Kai in the Sui Dynasty (58 1), he abandoned the county and surrounded Yushui (formerly known as the lower reaches of Jialing River), and changed Chuzhou to Yuzhou to govern Ba County. This is the origin of Chongqing. In the third year of Daye (607), the state was abolished and returned to Ba County.

In the first year of Tang Wude (6 18), Yuzhou was changed to Nanping County in the first year of Tianbao (742) and returned to Yuzhou in the first year of Gan Yuan (758). The Tang Dynasty continued the name of Yuzhou and was under the jurisdiction of Shannan West Road. ?

In the Song Dynasty, it was successively under the jurisdiction of Xichuan Road, Shaanxi Road and Kuizhou Road. In the first year of Chongning (1 102), the word "Chongqing" was changed to ""because of Zhao's rebellion. In the sixteenth year of Song Xiaozong (1 189), he was first conferred the title of King Gong, then acceded to the throne, boasting that he was "double happiness" and was promoted to Chongqing, hence the name Chongqing.

In the second year of Jiaxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1238), Peng Daya was appointed as the magistrate of Chongqing. In order to prevent Mongolia from invading south, Chongqing extended to Jialing River in the north and Linjiangmen and Tongyuanmen in the west. The scope is roughly twice that of Jiangzhou City expanded by Li Yan, which laid the general pattern of Chongqing ancient city from then to Ming and Qing Dynasties.

In the first year of Deyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1275), the Yuan army concentrated its forces again to attack Chongqing. In February of the third year of Jingyan (1278), Chongqing was breached. When entering the city, the Yuan army encountered fierce resistance, and the garrison commander Zhang Jue was defeated and captured, and the Yuan army subsequently conquered Kuizhou.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Chongqing was always the headquarters of Xuanwei Department in southern Sichuan, and was once the headquarters of Sichuan Province (1288-1290). In the 16th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1280), the Governor's Office of Chongqing Road was established, which governed three counties, namely, Ba, Jiangjin and Nanchuan, and was later divided into four counties, namely, Zhong, Fu, Lu and He. In the 20th year of Zheng Zheng (1360), Ming Yuzhen established a peasant army here, with the title "Daxia", which governed Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.

In the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (137 1), Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Daxia Prefecture and renamed it Chongqing Prefecture, which was under the Sichuan Chengxuan Bureau. It has jurisdiction over two states: Baxian, Jiangjin, Changshou, Yongchuan, Rongchang, Qijiang, Nanchuan, Hezhou, Fuzhou, Tongliang, Dazu, Bishan, Dingyuan and Jiangbei Hall, 1/county,1hall. ?

The movement of "Huguang filling Sichuan" in the early Qing Dynasty made Chongqing have a long history and rich immigrant culture, which laid the foundation of modern Chongqing society. In the 16th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1890), China and Britain signed the Special Clause on Extension of Yantai Treaty, and Chongqing became a commercial port. In March of the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1), Chongqing Customs was established near Chaotianmen.

Extended data

Chongqing, referred to as Chongqing or Ba for short, is the only municipality directly under the central government, national central city, mega-city and international metropolis in central and western China, the economic, financial, scientific and technological innovation, shipping and trade logistics center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, an important strategic fulcrum for the development of the western region, an important connection point between the Belt and Road and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and an inland open highland; It is famous not only for its Jiangcheng and Fog Capital, but also for its mountain city. ?

Chongqing is located in the southwest of China, bordering Hubei and Hunan in the east, Guizhou in the south, Sichuan in the west and Shaanxi in the north. With a total area of 82,400 square kilometers, it governs 38 districts and counties (autonomous counties); In 20 17, the resident population is 3075 16000, and the regional GDP is 1950027 million yuan. Known as the hot pot capital of China, the famous exhibition city of China and the hot spring capital of the world.

Chongqing is a comprehensive transportation hub in the southwest of China, connecting east and west and north and south. Its Jiangbei Airport is one of the "Top Ten" airports in China, and Orchard Port is the starting point of the Chongqing-Chongqing New Europe Corridor. Chongqing is located in the east of the basin, and its topography inclines from north to south towards the Yangtze River basin, with hills and mountains as the main landforms, with mountains accounting for 76%. The climate is warm in winter and early in spring, hot in summer and cool in autumn. The Yangtze River traverses the territory from west to east with a flow of 679 kilometers.

Chongqing is a national historical and cultural city. 1 189, Song Guangzong first conferred the title of King Gong and then ascended the throne, calling himself "Double Celebration", hence the name Chongqing. Chongqing is not only the birthplace of "Hongyan spirit", but also the birthplace of Bayu culture. "Hotpot" and "Diaojiaolou" have far-reaching influence. In the history of more than 3,000 years, Zeng San was a national capital and built a city four times, which was called "Bayu" in history; During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he was the capital of the national government.

Chongqing is the largest industrial and commercial city in the southwest of China and an important modern manufacturing base of the country. It has 8 national key laboratories, 10 national engineering technology research centers, 67 universities, and strategic projects such as China (Chongqing) Pilot Free Trade Zone, Sino-Singapore (Chongqing) Strategic Interconnection Demonstration Project, Liangjiang New Area and Chongqing-Chongqing New Europe International Railway.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Chongqing