What vibration does a flute make sound?

The sound made by the flute is caused by the vibration of the air column.

The flute is the oldest Han musical instrument discovered so far, and it is also the most representative and national musical instrument among Han musical instruments. China bamboo flute is one of the woodwind instruments commonly used in China traditional music, which is generally divided into Qu Di in the south, Bangdi in the north and alto flute in the middle. Generally, the range can reach more than two octaves.

Di Zi is often used in China folk music, China traditional opera, China national orchestra, western symphony orchestra and modern music, and is one of the representative musical instruments in China. In national bands, flute is an important wind instrument and is considered as the representative of national wind music.

Most flutes are made of bamboo, but there are also flutes made of stone flutes, Yu Di and mahogany, as well as ancient bone flutes. But the best raw material for making flutes is bamboo, because bamboo flutes have better sound effect and lower production cost.

A long time ago

China flute has a long history, which can be traced back to the Neolithic Age. At that time, the ancestors lit bonfires, set up prey, sang and danced around the captured prey while eating, and played by drilling holes in the tibia of birds (trapping prey and transmitting signals with sound), thus giving birth to the oldest musical instrument unearthed in China-bone flute.

1977 bone whistle and bone flute about 7000 years ago were unearthed in Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang. In May, 1986 and 16 vertical bone flutes (made of bird limb bones) were excavated at the early Neolithic site in Jia Hu Village, Wuyang County, Henan Province, with a history of more than 8,000 years.

The sound holes range from five holes to eight holes, most of which are seven-tone flutes, and some sound holes are added with small holes, which completely conforms to the timbre of modern China. 1987, seven Jia Hu bone flutes (about 9000 years ago) were unearthed at Jiahu site in Wuyang county, Henan province, which are the earliest musical instruments in the world.

During the period of the Yellow Emperor, that is, more than 4000 years ago, a large number of bamboos grew in the Yellow River basin, and bamboo was chosen as the material for making flutes. According to historical records, the Yellow Emperor made Ling Lun chop bamboo in Kunming to make a flute, making it a Feng Ming. Using bamboo as material is a great progress in flute making.

One is that bamboo vibrates better than bones, and its pronunciation is crisp; Both kinds of bamboo are easy to process. There were seven kinds of flutes in Qin and Han Dynasties, and two kinds of flutes were invented. Cai Yong, Xunxu and Liang Wudi all made twelve flutes, that is to say, one flute is unified.

During 1978, two bamboo flutes were unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Sui County, Hubei Province, while the two flutes unearthed from the No.3 Han Tomb in Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan Province, included an angle of about 90 degrees with the plane of the sound hole, which was very similar to the position of the flute (flute) in Zeng Houyi's tomb.

In time, the two are separated by hundreds of years; In space, Changsha, Hunan Province is hundreds of miles away from Suixian County, Hubei Province, but the position of blowing holes is almost the same, which shows the common form of flute playing or pool playing from pre-Qin to early Han Dynasty.

During the Warring States period, Qi was one of the main musical instruments played at sacrificial ceremonies or banquets, and the flute was also very popular. Qu Yuan's student Song Yu also talked about the southern flute at that time, which was very similar to the modern flute.

Hanjin

The flute was called "Qi" in ancient times. Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in Han Dynasty recorded: "flute, seven holes, bamboo flute". After the Han Dynasty, the flute has occupied a very important position in the drum music of the court and the army.

This fact reminds people that the development of China's flute has been divorced from the early primitive form, and it is more reasonable and perfect in melody and modeling, and it is more and more coordinated with other instruments in the band.

The historical image of advocating the harmonious performance of the band can be clearly seen on the portrait bricks unearthed in Deng County, Henan Province. The direction and angle of holding the flute and the posture of playing the flute with both hands are completely consistent with the posture of playing the modern flute.

Before Han Dynasty, flute usually refers to clarinet. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the flute has become a general term for clarinet and flute, and it has lasted for a long time. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the flute was developed, also known as "transverse blowing".

It plays a very important role in drum music in Han Dynasty. Two bamboo flutes unearthed from Mawangdui No.3 Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province belong to the category of transverse flute instruments.

There was a clarinet in the Jin Dynasty, and a piece of wood was added to the blowing head to make the gas pass through the gap and shoot at the edges of the two whistle holes for pronunciation. During the Northern Dynasties, the flute was not only very popular, but also developed, with great changes in shape, length and thickness. In the Northern Zhou and Sui Dynasties, it began to have the name of the flute. At the end of Sui Dynasty, there appeared a ten-hole flute that could play chromatic scales.