What are the prospects and benefits of medical physicists?

The development of physical medicine and rehabilitation in China has experienced the development process from physiotherapy, physical medicine, physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Before liberation, physical therapy was only carried out in a few large hospitals. After liberation, in the early 1950s, with the leadership of the Ministry of Health and the help of experts from the former Soviet Union, many doctors and technicians were trained, which became the backbone of physiotherapy and physical therapy in China, and many large and medium-sized hospitals established physiotherapy departments. 1958 In May, the Preparatory Committee of Physiotherapy Society of Chinese Medical Association was established. At the end of 1950s, ultrasonic diagnosis and electromyography were first used in physiotherapy department, and then transferred to clinic. The clinical application of physical therapy has developed rapidly, and the research on the mechanism of physical factors has also begun.

During the ten years of turmoil, this problem was greatly affected. After ten years of turmoil, it gradually resumed development. 1978 The Physiotherapy Society of Chinese Medical Association was formally established, and Chinese Journal of Physiotherapy and Chinese Journal of Physics were founded. Through introduction and research, new physical therapy and diagnostic techniques are constantly emerging, modern physical therapy methods are combined with traditional Chinese medical methods, and the application and research scope of physical factors are constantly expanding and the speed is constantly accelerating. This subject has entered the stage of physical medicine from the stage of physical therapy.

65438-0982 China introduced the concept of modern rehabilitation medicine and organized the study of rehabilitation medicine knowledge and technology. In the mid-1980s, modern rehabilitation medicine in China gradually emerged and developed. Some provinces and cities have established rehabilitation medical institutions, some large and medium-sized hospitals have established rehabilitation medical departments, and physiotherapy departments and sanatoriums in many hospitals have strengthened their rehabilitation awareness and carried out rehabilitation medical work on the basis of original physiotherapy and physiotherapy. Some rehabilitation medical workers have established rehabilitation medical academic groups, and various localities have organized academic exchanges on rehabilitation medicine. This subject began to enter the stage of physical medicine and rehabilitation. In order to adapt to the development of rehabilitation medicine, the Physiotherapy Society of Chinese Medical Association changed its name to Physical Rehabilitation Society of Chinese Medical Association on July 1985, and the physiotherapy departments of some hospitals also changed their names. Since then, the work of rehabilitation medicine has been increasingly extensive and in-depth, and many monographs on rehabilitation medicine have been published and periodicals have been founded. In order to meet the needs of discipline development and international integration, Physical Rehabilitation Society of Chinese Medical Association was renamed Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Branch of Chinese Medical Association 1995 in June.

After entering the stage of physical medicine and rehabilitation, this discipline has made gratifying achievements and progress in discipline construction.

The application and research of physical factors have made great progress in breadth and concentration. For example, functional electrical stimulation can improve the motor function of paralyzed limbs; Millimeter wave was used to treat ulcer, inflammation, trauma and blood function inhibition caused by bone marrow after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and its biological effect was studied. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on fibrinolytic system and thrombolytic effect were studied. Ultraviolet irradiation and oxygenation and He-Ne laser intravascular irradiation are widely used to treat heart ischemic diseases, craniocerebral injury, diabetes and some disease-free diseases, and their effects on hemorheology, immune function, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism are studied. In the past, tumors were considered as contraindications for physical therapy. In recent twenty years, many physical factors have entered this forbidden zone, including electrochemical therapy, in vitro and in vivo body cavity heating therapy using high-frequency electricity and ultrasound, body surface or endoscopic therapy using microwave tissue coagulation, high-energy laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy and so on. And the tumor inhibition effect of magnetic fields with different modes and intensities, the high-frequency electromagnetic field-induced fever of ferromagnetic thermal seeds implanted in the body, the magnetic microspheres of anticancer drugs, and the mechanisms of various treatment methods were also studied. In recent years, some papers have reported the biological effects of infrasound on brain function.

Exercise therapy is an important means of rehabilitation treatment, which has been paid more and more attention. After the introduction of exercise physiology therapy, exercise development therapy and Maitland manipulation, the technology of exercise therapy has been enriched and expanded. Exercise therapy is widely used in the rehabilitation of motor dysfunction of nervous system diseases and bone and joint diseases, the rehabilitation of cardiopulmonary diseases, and the health care of the elderly. Many papers reported the effects of exercise on cardiopulmonary function, glucose metabolism and fat metabolism in vivo.

Many units have carried out simple and practical occupational therapy according to their own conditions to improve patients' daily life and employment ability. Some units have also carried out speech therapy, entertainment therapy and psychotherapy, so that patients' body and mind can be fully recovered.

Rehabilitation evaluation is an important basis for making rehabilitation treatment plan and judging curative effect. Domestic scholars not only applied and studied the evaluation methods introduced from abroad, such as Bronnstrom method, Fugl-Meyer method, MAS method, SIAS method, Barthel index method, FIM method and so on. In order to adapt to the national conditions, it is necessary to study and modify foreign evaluation methods or formulate new evaluation methods, such as the evaluation of daily life activities and quality of life. Many papers reported the application of neurophysiological examination methods, such as electromyography and evoked potential examination in rehabilitation medicine. In recent years, it has been reported that P300 potential test provides an objective quantitative index for the evaluation of brain cognitive function. In addition, some units use balance instrument to evaluate the functional state of nerve and bone and joint diseases, and use isokinetic muscle strength instrument to evaluate the function of extensor and flexor muscles of knee joint injury.

In the rehabilitation of specialized diseases, the rehabilitation of cerebrovascular diseases is a key topic. There are a large number of reports on rehabilitation evaluation and rehabilitation treatment of stroke in China, which account for the largest proportion in the specialty rehabilitation discipline. All reports emphasize the importance of early comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, and think that patients who start rehabilitation treatment within 1 month after the onset of stroke, even within a few days after the vital signs are stable, will recover their functions faster and better. In recent years, more than ten hospitals in China have jointly carried out the research on early rehabilitation of stroke. At present, the rehabilitation treatment of stroke patients not only focuses on limb motor dysfunction, but also includes swallowing disorder, unilateral spatial neglect, cognitive disorder, speech disorder, psychological disorder, shoulder-hand syndrome, shoulder subluxation, limb spasm and other complications.

Rehabilitation of bone and joint injuries is also a hot topic. Many papers reported the comprehensive rehabilitation effects of physical therapy, manual therapy and motor function training on cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, scapulohumeral periarthritis, limb fracture, spinal fracture, replantation of severed fingers, tendon injury repair and reconstruction of motor dysfunction after hip replacement. Some units carry out isokinetic muscle strength training for patients with bone and joint muscle injuries, which is considered to be an effective method to enhance muscle strength and improve limb movement.

In addition, in recent years, early comprehensive rehabilitation training has been adopted for the rehabilitation of craniocerebral injury, which has achieved satisfactory results in promoting the recovery of motor function and cognitive function. Cardiac rehabilitation has been further developed in some hospitals, and an early rehabilitation scheme of 2 ~ 3 weeks after acute myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass grafting has been put forward, and successful experience has also been obtained. In recent years, it has been found that the formation of hypertrophic scar is mainly caused by the decrease of fibroblast apoptosis and collagen degradation, which puts forward a new focus for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar.

In order to promote academic exchanges in this major, our branch has organized many national academic conferences in recent years, such as: the second national academic conference on rehabilitation in May,1996; 1May 1997 National Seminar on Rehabilitation Medicine Education; September 2nd National Academic Conference on Rehabilitation Assessment 1997, 10 National Academic Conference on Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1998 and the 1st Youth Academic Exchange Conference. Branches in various regions, provinces and cities have also held academic conferences for many times, achieving the effect of learning from each other and promoting each other. Scholars in this discipline actively participated in international academic conferences and carried out academic exchanges, such as the Sino-Korean medical exchange conference sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association, the 12th Congress of the International Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and the 7th and 8th Congress of the International Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, which reached nearly 100 people. The International Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation accepted the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Branch of the Chinese Medical Association as a member, and all the fourth members of the branch (members of the specialist society) became member countries.

The two periodicals belonging to our department have also made new progress in recent years. Since 1998, the quality of academic papers in Chinese Journal of Physiotherapy has been improved, from quarterly to bimonthly. Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine has gradually changed from ultrasonic diagnosis and medical physics to physical medicine and rehabilitation. 1999 was officially named Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and changed to bimonthly in 2000. In recent years, many professional books have been published, such as New Physiotherapy, Clinical Practical Physiotherapy, Practical Physiotherapy, Modern Rehabilitation Therapy, Handbook of Modern Rehabilitation Medicine, Assessment and Treatment of Stroke Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Diagnostic Criteria of Rehabilitation Medicine and Chinese Physical Rehabilitation. In addition, there are many books to be published soon, such as Theory and Practice of Rehabilitation Medicine, Complete Physical Therapy, China Rehabilitation Medicine Second Edition, etc. The technical terms edited and reviewed by the technical terms review team of our department will also be published at the end of 1999. The book Rehabilitation Medicine, co-authored by 32 experts in this discipline and published by 1993, is a reference textbook for medical colleges. It won the second prize of the third national excellent textbook of the Ministry of Health and the third prize of the excellent scientific and technological works of medicine and health of the Ministry of Health in 1996.

Because our discipline is relatively young, the discipline team has been weakened in the ten years of turmoil, and the phenomenon of personnel fault is serious. There are few schools specializing in training middle and senior professionals, and the disciplines are developing rapidly, which requires a large number of talents. To this end, many provinces, cities, schools and units have adopted various forms of running schools: (1) Regular university and technical secondary education: at present, there are two medical departments to train undergraduates, three specialized classes to train junior college students, and four schools to train secondary school students, which are responsible for training young professionals. (2) On-the-job training: The National Training Course for Physiotherapy/Physical Rehabilitation Physicians located in Tanggangzi Physiotherapy Hospital of Liaoning Province has been held 1979, held 17 * * 17. In recent years, four professional certificate courses have been successfully held in the National Physiotherapy College of Adult Higher Education. With the support of the World Health Organization, China has held several rehabilitation training courses, including seven training courses for rehabilitation doctors from all provinces and cities in China organized by Tongji Medical University. Anhui Medical University has three classes of rehabilitation therapists and Sun Yat-sen Medical University has three classes. /kloc-Since 0/0, China Rehabilitation Research Center has been holding training courses for rehabilitation doctors and therapists, training 3,376 people. These courses enable in-service medical technicians to update their knowledge. (3) Training of senior talents: At present, there are 9 professional master programs in China, and nearly 100 graduate students have graduated; There are 1 doctoral programs and 5 graduated doctoral students, who are the young backbone of our discipline. According to incomplete statistics, there are nearly 10,000 doctors in disciplines in our college, including more than 350 people with associate senior titles or above.

With the development of the discipline, the development and production of physical therapy, rehabilitation evaluation and rehabilitation instruments and equipment in China have also developed rapidly. There are many factories and scientific research units in China to develop and produce the instruments and equipment needed by my major. Thanks to the efforts of engineers and our professionals, many new products have appeared in recent years. Such as: pulse ultrashort wave therapeutic instrument, high-frequency electrothermal tumor therapeutic instrument, microwave tissue coagulation therapeutic instrument, millimeter wave therapeutic instrument, optical quantum therapeutic instrument, He-Ne laser intravascular irradiation therapeutic instrument, semiconductor laser therapeutic instrument, biofeedback therapeutic instrument, new cervical and lumbar traction device, limb barometric therapeutic instrument, exercise therapy equipment, occupational therapy equipment, myoelectric prosthetic hand, new wheelchair, arm stability tester, balance tester, speech training system, etc. It has promoted the development of my professional and technical work. The miniaturization and miniaturization of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapeutic instrument, computer intermediate frequency therapeutic instrument, infrared therapeutic instrument, ultraviolet therapeutic instrument, magnetic therapeutic instrument and other equipment make physical therapy more carried out at the grassroots level and even into the family. The mass production of family health sports equipment adapts to the change of medical model and the development of medical market. Some new technologies and instruments are being studied, such as: magnetic stimulator, isokinetic muscle strength testing and training instrument, gait analyzer, radio-controlled functional electrical stimulator, environmental control system, etc. The successful development of these high-tech instruments will certainly raise the development of our discipline to a new level.

2 1 century is coming, we should strengthen unity and cooperation, do a good job in medical services, conduct in-depth research and exploration, vigorously cultivate talents, narrow the regional gap, produce more achievements, and make cross-century contributions to building a high-level physical medicine and rehabilitation discipline with China characteristics and improving people's quality of life. Progress in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in China from Professor Tan's Perspective