Distribution of Ningde Dialect in Ningde Dialect

The distribution of Chinese dialects in cities is complicated. According to the similarities and differences within dialects, Ningde dialect belongs to the eastern Fujian dialect area represented by Fuzhou dialect in Minhai dialect. Gutian and Pingnan counties belong to the southern part of southeast Fujian sub-dialect; Jiaocheng District and seven counties (cities) such as Fu 'an, Zhouning, Zherong, Shouning, Fuding and Xiapu belong to the sub-dialect area in northeast Fujian. Fujian Oriental dialect can be freely exchanged in the southern region, and people in cities (counties, districts) in the northern region can basically understand Fuzhou dialect. Fuan dialect can be freely exchanged in Zhouning, Shouning, Zherong and other counties in the northern region, and people in Jiaocheng, Xiapu and Fuding can basically understand Fuan dialect.

There is no rhyme change phenomenon in the counties (cities) in Yanbei area of eastern Fujian like the vowels in Fuzhou dialect. Lexically, some words in the north are different from those in the south, such as "belly" is called "belly", "child" is called "puppet", "hunger" is called "birth" or "feeding" and "breeding pig" is called "pig lion". Grammatically, there are some special sentence patterns in North District, such as Shouning saying "You go first", Shouning saying "Eat another bowl" or "Eat a bowl together" in Zherong saying, Fuan saying "guest" is "human guest" and "hen" is "chicken mother" and "hat". This is a unique phenomenon of inverted sentences in this dialect. "Busy" is called "noisy". This formulation is very common. In terms of accent, Fu 'an dialect has heavy pronunciation and hard tone; Fuding speaks light, clear and soft.

At the same time, some places in China have become dialect islands in regional appearance. Some villages in Sansha Town, Shuimen Town and Yacheng Town in Xiapu County, and a few villages in Fox Xia, Baiyang Town and Changchun Town (about 70,000 people) speak Minnan dialect. Fuding city Shacheng, Qianqi, Your Highness, Berlin, Diantou, Guanling, Jianshan, Shi Die and other towns (* * * 654.38+0.3 million people) speak Minnan dialect; There are also a few villages (about 500 people) in Zhayang Township and Dongyuan Township of Zherong County who speak Minnan dialect. There are about 265438+100000 people who speak Minnan dialect in the whole area. Minnan dialect is the third largest dialect in Ningde. There are also a few areas that have formed Tingzhou Dialect Island and Puxian Dialect Island. Hakka is spoken in Houxi and Zhuyang Village, Fengdu Town, Gutian County (about 5,000 people), Fudinglou Natural Village, Baicheng Village, Xiapu County (more than 300 people), and Longshan Village, suburban road, Zherong County (100 people). In addition, Hakka is spoken in Shoujian Village, Shekou Town, Fu 'an City, Chixi Village, Panxi Town, fuding city, Guanyang Village, Diantou Town, and some natural villages on the southwest border of Shouning County. Daiyu Village, Xin 'an Town, Xiapu County (100 people) speaks Puxian dialect; Some villages in Xiabaishi, Fu 'an City (more than 400 people) speak Puxian dialect; Hundreds of people in Aoyao and other villages in fuding city speak Puxian dialect.

Fuzhou dialect in southern Fujian has formed a dialect island in a few places in China. Fuding city Qinyu Town (10.5 million people or more) speaks Fuzhou dialect; Island Township in Xiapu County, Beiqi Village in Bai Yang Township, and Jimi Village in Changchun Town (* * * 1.4 million people) talk about life in Fuzhou.

Due to historical reasons and geographical conditions, the border villages in some counties speak the dialects of neighboring counties. The villages of Zhu Fu, Shanglou, Dongfeng, Shangliyang and Geshe in the northwest of pingnan county belong to the dialect system of Jian 'ou in northern Fujian, while the villages of Chiyan, Yangwei, Yangwei Lane, Wucuokeng, Wucuoping and Qianxi in Siqiao Township bordering Zhenghe County in the northwest of zhouning county belong to the dialect system of northern Fujian. Tung Chung Peninsula in Xiapu County faces Jianjiang Town in Luoyuan County across the sea, and Luoyuan dialect is spoken in Tung Chung, Shang Qi and Xia Qi villages in Beibi Township of this county.

Most Ningde people under 40 and 50 years old grew up with bilingual education and can skillfully use two or even three languages that can't communicate with each other. This was unimaginable 50 or 60 years ago. At that time, foreigners entered the countryside to communicate with the people, and they needed translators.

With the expansion of social communication, there are more and more exchanges between Ningde people and the outside world. Even in the hinterland, there is no problem in speaking Mandarin. Few people can understand the northern dialect at all. In urban areas, the popularity of Putonghua is higher. Generally speaking, there are several situations: within the family, the communication between young parents and their children aged 20 to 30 is mainly in Mandarin; The communication between young people in their twenties and their parents is mainly Mandarin in cities and dialects in rural areas. The communication between young people of the same age is mainly in Putonghua in cities, and it also accounts for a large proportion in rural areas. Interestingly, young people often use a mixture of dialects and Mandarin. In terms of social communication, the scope and frequency of dialect and Putonghua are different in different industries. Employees in large service outlets basically speak Mandarin; Civil servants and employees of public institutions can basically speak Mandarin in official activities and communication with customers. Interestingly, in secular life, such as weddings, funerals and festive occasions, all public information, such as wedding ceremonies, is published in Mandarin, while the communication between relatives and friends is mostly in dialects. This state was formed in less than forty years. The reason is very simple, that is, the influence of social communication function of Putonghua and the impact of immigrants on Ningde local dialect.