What is human resources?

1. Human resources (HR for short) refers to the sum of people of working age, below working age and above working age who have the ability to work in a country or region. Or expressed as: the population of a country or region after deducting the population who have lost the ability to work. Human resources also refer to the education, ability, skills, experience and physical strength that people in an organization have in a certain period that can be used by enterprises and contribute to value creation. In a narrow sense, it is the ability (resources) that enterprises and institutions need for independent business groups.

2. Features

initiative

People have subjective initiative, can purposefully carry out activities and purposefully transform the external material world. Its initiative is reflected in three aspects.

duality

Different from any other resources, human resources are life resources owned by human beings and exist in human bodies, so human resources are both producers and consumers. Human resources are rich in knowledge, which makes them have great potential and unparalleled high added value of other resources.

in time

Human resources are different from general resources, such as mineral resources. Mineral resources can generally be stored for a long time, and the quality will not be reduced if they are not used. On the other hand, if human resources are stored and not used, they will be abandoned and degraded. The nature of work is different, and the best time for people to develop their talents is also different. Generally speaking, 25 to 45 years old is the golden age of scientific and technological talents, and 37 years old is its peak. Timeliness requires that the development of human resources should grasp the stage when people's age is most conducive to professional requirements and implement the most powerful incentives.

sociality

Human resources are in a specific society and era, and different social forms and different cultural backgrounds will reflect and influence people's values, behaviors and ways of thinking. The sociality of human resources requires paying special attention to the influence of social and political system, national policies, laws and regulations and cultural environment in the development process.

continuity

The continuity of human resources development means that human resources can be continuously developed, not only the process of using human resources is the process of development, but also the process of training, accumulation and creation.

reproducibility

Human resources are renewable resources, which can be regenerated through the continuous replacement and renewal of individuals in the population and the process of "consumption-production-consumption-reproduction" of labor force. The regeneration of human resources is not only governed by biological laws, but also influenced by human consciousness and will, the development of human civilization and the restriction of new technological revolution.

3. Characteristics

I. Inalienability. Human resources are the internal storage and external expression of human values, which are inseparable from human vitality and linked with human dignity and rights. Non-transferability is mainly manifested as follows: (1) cannot be squeezed, cheated or taken away; (2) All unscientific methods will waste human resources; (3) All improper means will lead to the destruction of human resources; (4) Respecting, supporting and satisfying people's needs is the best way to play the role of human resources. Therefore, it can't be deprived, and it can only be used and played consciously through good management and development in the appointment.

Second, biology. Biology is the cause and effect of the behavioral characteristics of human resources. Living things have two-way material movement, two-way mental movement and one-way resistance movement. Biology will inevitably bring the arduousness and complexity of human resources utilization and development.

Third, sociality. The sociality of human resources is mainly manifested in beliefs, traditions, people, times, regions, countries, nationalities, occupations, grades and cultures. Sociality reflects people's position, morality, value orientation, way of thinking and behavior, and provides a basic ideological basis for human resources development.

Fourth, timeliness. The cultivation, storage and application of human resources are directly related to people's age. Different age stages reflect the different degrees of different types of human resources. This reflection of different prescriptions is also the result of a natural law. It provides an important reference for social policy and technical means of human resources utilization. For example, adolescence is mainly the stage of cultivating educational resources; The young and middle-aged period is mainly the period of resource utilization and development; Old age is mainly the stage to explore the value of surplus resources. The timeliness of human resources is effective, timely, timely and outdated; Usage must vary according to class and purpose.

5. Capital accumulation. Human resources are the living capital of economic and social development and the most realistic productive forces. This kind of capital is formed through continuous cultivation, education and maintenance, and is the result of long-term investment accumulation. The results show that: first, investment is accompanied by a person's life, and the accumulation of capital is also accompanied by a person's life; Second, the amount of this activity capital formed by investment can be reused; Third, the rolling use of resources (capital) will inevitably bring infinite value-added. Capital accumulation requires that investment must be increased in the process of human resource management and development to support good training, education and maintenance.

Sixth, inspire. Stimulation comes from people's psychology of meeting needs. In practice, the motivation of human resources is manifested as the motivation of pulling force, cooperation and inspiration, driving force and motivation. Stimulation provides a theoretical method for potential development and is the starting point of incentive mechanism.

Seven, initiative. Initiative is a person's independent movement behavior to realize self-worth, and it is the premise for human resources to play a role. Initiative is both positive and negative, and its significance to society is different. Human resource policy should make it give full play to positive initiative and reduce and avoid negative initiative.

Eight, the carrier. Carrier is the ability of human resources to load, transport and transmit, and it is an inseparable inevitable result. The carrier of human resources depends on: first, it really has carrying capacity; Second, it does carry useful resources; Third, it can really output the source of load. The carrier of human resources provides a prerequisite for talent exchange.