How to understand the meaning of "utilitarian purpose makes doctoral education become vocational education"

Are the more doctors the better?

Recently, a survey of 3,291 people conducted by the China Youth Daily Social Survey Center through the Tencent Education Channel showed that 76.1% of people believed that more doctorates are not better, and that doctoral education should return to elite education. Among those who participated in the survey, those with bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctoral degree accounted for 51.0%, 27.1% and 11.2% respectively.

Utilitarian purposes have made doctoral education become "vocational education"

In April last year, Yang Yuliang, director of the Academic Degrees Office of the State Council, revealed that in 2008, more than 100 universities in mainland China had doctoral authorization qualifications. There are 310 schools, compared with only 253 in the United States. In 2007, the number of doctoral students in my country exceeded 50,000. In 2008, this number continued to rise, surpassing the United States and becoming the largest doctoral degree-granting country in the world.

It is understood that with the rapid development of doctoral education, in addition to teaching positions in universities and research positions in scientific research institutions that require practitioners to have a high degree of education, some other positions that do not require a high degree of education also "A rising tide lifts all boats", and the academic qualification threshold has been raised one after another. For example, when recruiting department-level cadres, in some places, it is clearly stated that applicants must have a doctorate degree; in other places, academic qualifications are also an important standard, whether explicit or not, in talent promotion.

Some people point out that the result of this is that some people study for Ph.D.s just to find a good job or for promotion, making the doctoral education that cultivates a country's top research talents become "vocational education". The phenomenon of utilitarianism is prominent.

Li Xiaoxia, a teacher at a university in Beijing, said frankly that she studied for a Ph.D. just to evaluate her professional title. Li Xiaoxia, who entered university work in the 1990s, has worked as a teacher for more than 10 years. In recent years, she has discovered that all her new colleagues have Ph.D.s, and schools have begun to regard Ph.D. qualifications as a necessary condition for professional titles. This reality forced her to return to class when she was approaching 40 years old and study for a doctorate on the job.

In this survey, 59.2% of people believed that people study for Ph.D.s in order to be more competitive in evaluating professional titles and promotions. "Some units should not only recruit people based on academic qualifications." Professor Wang Yiqiu, an expert in my country's higher education management and educator, and former executive vice president of Peking University, said in an interview with a reporter from China Youth Daily that some units, such as universities, are now hiring faculty. He stares at the doctor all the time, which is not a good sign. Wang Yiqiu said that although Harvard University is the leading university in the United States, the overall academic level of its faculty is not high. A survey in the 1990s even ranked Harvard University’s teachers’ overall academic qualifications last in the United States. "However, this is related to some of our evaluation systems. Colleges and universities need teachers with strong research capabilities to produce results for the school and add points. But some colleges and universities also need talents with strong practical ability and high technology."

In the survey, 43.5% of people believed that people choose to study for Ph.D.s because they are having trouble finding a job and are delaying employment by studying for Ph.D.s; 39.2% of people believed that people study for Ph.D.s just to get a "stepping stone" to enter universities or scientific research units. .

“It is more reasonable for each supervisor to have up to three people.”

Some scholars use the words “Great Leap Forward” and “Bubble” to describe the current rapid expansion in the number of doctoral students and the decline in the quality of doctoral students. According to the situation, it is believed that as the "spire" of academic education, the educational level of a doctorate not only reflects a country's highest education level and scientific research level, but also affects a country's knowledge innovation ability and academic standards. If things go on like this, it will not only be difficult to ensure the quality of doctoral students, but it will also cause difficulty in finding employment for doctoral students, resulting in the phenomenon of "high academic qualifications, low employment".

The common phenomenon of plagiarism in doctoral dissertations in recent years has intensified people's concerns about the quality of doctoral dissertations. In September last year, a survey by the China Association for Science and Technology showed that 39% and 23% of PhDs respectively believed that "academic misconduct" that has always made society despised and even angry was "sympathetic" and "forgivable" of. This kind of "tolerance" is really difficult for ordinary people to understand.

In this survey, 44.1% of people’s impression of doctoral students is that they “plagiarize seriously and have a lot of mistakes.” In addition, 56.8% of people think that there are too few people who are studying for PhDs solely for research; 50.6% of people feel that there are more and more PhDs now, and it is no longer rare; and 29.0% of people have the impression that PhDs are "nerds" , innovation ability is weak”.

“Nowadays, many of our doctoral dissertations can be published in international cutting-edge magazines, which was difficult to imagine 10 years ago. So from my personal point of view, the current doctoral level is not as bad as everyone says. "Wang Yiqiu told reporters that when he participated in the doctoral thesis defense of Peking University, he found that the quality of many doctoral theses far exceeded the level 10 years ago. In addition, various domestic experimental instruments and equipment have now been in line with international standards. The vision and ability of doctoral students "However, the situation of each university is different, and there are advantages and disadvantages in doctoral education. However, there is a very serious problem: too many PhDs and not enough teachers."

According to the survey, my country's doctoral students The number of supervisors is far from meeting the requirements of the growing number of doctoral students. As a result, each doctoral supervisor in my country currently has to supervise an average of 5-8 doctoral students, which is higher than the ratio of 2 to 3 students per supervisor in foreign countries.

“It is more reasonable for each tutor to bring up to three people.” Wang Yiqiu once asked a doctoral supervisor in a university “How is the student’s thesis situation?” The doctoral supervisor told him frankly that he had not read the student’s thesis, but only roughly After browsing the thesis framework, "As far as I know, there are many situations like this." Wang Yiqiu said that our country needs a large number of doctoral talents, but the current growth rate is too fast. "I very much agree with the return of doctoral education to elite education." "("China Youth Daily" July 26, 2009, abridged. Reporter Xiao Shunan, intern Liu Yue)

19. How to understand "utilitarian purpose" What does it mean that doctoral education has become "vocational education"?

20. This article talks about many problems in doctoral education in our country. Please combine the full text to talk about what outstanding issues in doctoral education this article involves?

21. In this survey, 76.1% of the respondents, including some experts and scholars, believe that more PhDs are not better, and that doctoral education should return to elite education. Please combine this article with your experience , talk about your views on this point of view.

Question Type: Reading Comprehension and Appreciation Difficulty: Easy Source: Unknown

Answer (find homework answer--->>Use the Rubik's Cube)

19. ① Some people study for a Ph.D. just to find a good job or to postpone employment by studying for a Ph.D. ②Some people study for a Ph.D. in order to gain professional title promotion or gain admission to universities or scientific research institutions. Ph.D. studying has become a “stepping stone”. ③People study for Ph.D.s for some utilitarian purpose, rather than for knowledge and scholarship.

20. ① The utilitarian purpose has made doctoral education become "vocational education", and the number of doctoral students is currently expanding rapidly. ② Academic misconduct such as plagiarism of doctoral dissertations has intensified people's concerns about the quality of doctoral degrees.

③The number of doctoral supervisors in our country is far from meeting the requirements of the growing number of doctoral students, and doctoral supervisors lead too many students.

21. This is an open inquiry question, and the answer can be organized from two aspects.

① Agree. 1. The core of doctoral education returning to elite education is to improve the quality of doctoral degrees, and it is also the need to further expand employment channels and opportunities for doctoral students. 2. The elitization of doctoral education can effectively solve current key problems. For example, the utilitarian nature of doctoral studies can be controlled, the foam and water in doctoral training can be squeezed out, and the occurrence of academic misconduct can be effectively stopped.

② Disagree. 1. Our country’s national conditions are different from those of the United States. Our population base is large, and if the proportion of doctoral students is the same, we will naturally exceed the United States in terms of number of people. Not everything should be in line with the United States, and we should use it as a benchmark. Second, our country is in urgent need of a large number of doctoral talents. Time waits for no time. As long as we pay attention to quality control, be lenient in entry and strict in exit, we can ensure quality while also focusing on quantity.

19. (4 points) ① Some people study for a Ph.D. just to find a good job or to postpone employment through Ph.D. (1 point) ② Some people study for a Ph.D. in order to gain professional title promotion or gain admission to universities or scientific research institutions. Ph.D. study has become a “stepping stone”. (2 points) ③People study for Ph.D.s for some utilitarian purpose, rather than for knowledge and scholarship. (1 point) (Points will be awarded if the meaning is correct.)

20. (5 points) ① The utilitarian purpose has made doctoral education become "vocational education", and the number of doctoral students is currently expanding rapidly. (1 point)

② Academic misconduct such as plagiarism of doctoral dissertations has intensified people’s concerns about the quality of doctoral degrees.

(2 points)

③The number of doctoral supervisors in our country is far from meeting the requirements of the growing number of doctoral students, and doctoral supervisors lead too many students. (2 points)

21. (6 points) This is an open inquiry question, and the answer can be organized from two aspects.

If the statement makes sense, you can give points as appropriate.