Answering Ideas and Example Analysis of Calculation Questions in 2022 Licensed Pharmacist Examination

In 2022, the licensed pharmacist exam will be officially opened. After a long review, candidates must be quite familiar with the ideas of answering questions in various subjects. Let's have a look.

Note: mg, μg and ml are usually used more in pharmaceutical examination.

0 1. Calculate the content of a certain component from the total amount of drugs.

Calculation formula:

Example: "How many milligrams of norepinephrine bitartrate is equivalent to 1 mg of norepinephrine?" The molecular weight of norepinephrine is 169. 18, and that of norepinephrine bitartrate is 337.28.

A.0.5 mg

B. 1.0 mg

C. 1.5 mg

D.2.0 mg

E.2.5 mg

Thinking of solving problems: This question is to find out the numerical formula in the topic. Generally, we will be told three numerical values in the topic. As can be seen from the formula, the denominator is the total value, so it is a relatively large value. So the right part of the formula is 169. 18/337.28, which is roughly 1: 2, and the known norepinephrine is 65438.

02 concentration calculation related to solution dilution

1. formula for calculating percentage concentration

Weight and volume percentage concentration: refers to the grams of solute contained in 100ml solution, expressed by the symbol %(g/ml).

Weight and volume percentage concentration = solute weight g/ solution volume ml× 100%.

Volume percentage concentration: refers to the number of milliliters of solution contained in 100ml solution, which is expressed by the symbol %(ml/ml).

Volume specific volume percentage concentration = solute volume ml/ solution volume ml× 100%.

Note: In the calculation of percentage concentration, the three formulas are very simple, and it is impossible to test them separately. Usually, two numerical values are given in the question. You can determine which formula to use according to the numerical unit in the question, such as 500ml of 5% glucose solution injection, how many grams of glucose it contains, and the known concentration and volume. Just calculate the weight directly. Remember to multiply it by 100%.

2. Calculation formula of dilution from high concentration to low concentration

C concentration × V concentration =C dilution× V dilution (C concentration is the concentration of concentrated solution, V concentration is the volume of concentrated solution, C dilution is the concentration of diluent, and V dilution is the volume of diluent).

For example, prepare disinfectant 10L with effective chlorine concentration of 500mg/l. The amounts of sodium hypochlorite solution (available chlorine concentration is 6.0%) and purified water are respectively

A.83mL and 99 17mL

B.830mL and 9 170mL

C.120ml and 9880ml

D.150ml and 9850ml

E. 500ml and 9500ml

After reading the questions, you need to understand that the unit should be converted. Known weight and volume percentage concentration = solute weight g/ solution volume ml× 100%, so dilute c = 0.5g/1000 ml×100% = 0.05%, dilute v = 100L. Amount of purified water =10l-83ml =10000ml-83ml = 9917ml.

Vitamins often have conversion between unit and quality.

Vitamin D 40000U = 1mg, that is, every 400u =10 μ g.

Vitamin E 1U is equivalent to 1mg to synthesize α -tocopherol acetate.

Tip: 1U means 1 unit, and this does not need to be calculated. The key point is that the above two transformation relationships need to be memorized.

A doctor prescribed 10ug vitamin D every day, and the medicine package showed 400 units per pill. According to the instructions, how many pills should the patient take every day?

Solution: It is known that each capsule is 400U, 400U = 10 μg, and patients can take 1 capsule every day.

4. Calculation method of child dose

1, calculated by weight: daily dose = child's weight (kg) × required dose per kg of body weight per day (times).

2. According to body surface area: If the weight is less than or equal to ≤30kg, the body surface area of children (m? ) = weight (kg) × 0.035+0.1;

Such as weight >; 30kg, children's body surface area (m? ) = [weight (kg)-30] ×0.02+1.05.

Step 3 calculate by age

4. Converted by adult dose: pediatric dose = adult dose × pediatric weight (kg)/ 50.

Note: Compared with calculation, it is more important for children to remember which four methods are available, which may lead to multiple-choice questions.

For example, children with respiratory tract infection can take erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules in 3~4 times, with a dose of 30 ~ 50mg/(kg d). Children weighing 20kg should take erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules once.

A.175 ~ 250mg or125 ~ 225mg

B.200 ~ 333mg or 150 ~ 250 mg.

C.215 ~ 350mg or175 ~ 270mg.

D.225 ~ 375mg or 200 ~ 300 mg.

E.250~375mg or 225~325mg.

Solution: This problem is difficult at first glance. In fact, it just turns the specific value into an interval. You only need to calculate the dose of 30 and 50 and the number of times you take 3 and 4 respectively. The child's weight is known, so the formula of this question is: daily dose = the child's weight (kg) × the amount of medicine needed per kg of weight, and the calculation method is 30mg/(kg-d) three times: 20 (kg )× 30 (mg/kg) ÷ 3 = 200 (mg). Calculated according to the dose of 50mg/(kg d): 20 (kg) × 50 (mg/kg) ÷ 3 = 333 (mg); One dose should be 200~333mg. Similarly, you can calculate the dose to be taken in four times. However, if you look at the alternative answers carefully, you will find it unnecessary to calculate the latter, because the answer is already obvious. Therefore, everyone should pay more attention to the answers after reading the questions of this kind. Generally, the four answers are different. You only need to do half to get the result. There is no need to waste time.

5. Administration scheme for patients with hepatic insufficiency

Adjust the dose according to CTP score

5~6 were divided into grade A, and 50% maintenance dose of normal patients was used.

7~9 were divided into grade B, and 25% maintenance dose of normal patients was used.

10~ 15 is grade c, and drugs with good safety or whose pharmacokinetics are not affected by changes in liver function or can be effectively monitored should be used.

Thinking of solving problems: just remember the score interval of Grade B. Our topics are all multiple-choice questions. Just remember the interval in the middle. Those above grade B are serious, those below grade B are grade A, and the drug use is only half of that of grade B. ..

6. Administration scheme for patients with renal insufficiency

1, simple method: according to the degree of renal function damage

Mild damage: the daily dose of antibacterial drugs is reduced to 2/3~ 1/2 of the normal dose.

Moderate damage: the daily dose of antibacterial drugs decreased to 1/2~ 1/5 of the normal dose.

Serious damage: the daily dose of antibacterial drugs is reduced to1/5 ~110 of the normal dose.

Guidance: Just remember that the dose of moderate injury is 1/2~ 1/5, which is more serious than moderate injury and requires less medicine.

2, according to the creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) calculation

The formula for calculating creatinine clearance rate of adult males is Ccr=( 140- age) × body weight (kg)/72×Scr(mg/dl).

The formula for calculating creatinine clearance rate of adult women is Ccr × 0.85 adult male serum creatinine (Scr), and the unit is mg/dl.

A patient, a 68-year-old female, weighing 54 kg, was hospitalized again due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After admission, biochemical examination showed that ALT was 720 U/L, serum creatinine 1.8mg/dl. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from sputum and ceftazidime was used clinically. According to the instructions of ceftazidime, the commonly used dose for adults is 1. 1.5-6g, which is administered in two to three times. When the creatinine clearance rate is 3 1~50ml/min, the dosage is every12h 1g, and when the creatinine clearance rate is 16~30ml/min, the dosage is every 24 hours1g. The formula for calculating creatinine clearance rate of adult males is Ccr= (140- age) × body weight /(72×Scr). The creatinine clearance rate of adult women is 0.85 of that of men.

1. The creatinine clearance rate of this patient is about a.25.5ml/min b.30ml/min c.34ml/mind.40ml/min.47.2ml/min 2. The dose of ceftazidime in this patient should be

Every 8 hours.

B. Every 12 hours 1 g

C.0.5g every 24 hours

D. Every 24 hours 1g

E. 0.5g every 48 hours

Thinking of solving problems: according to the real questions over the years, the formula for calculating creatinine clearance rate is usually provided in the questions, so there is no need to memorize this formula. From the age, weight and serum creatinine values known by stem, directly substitute into the calculation formula of creatinine clearance rate of adult males, CCR = (140-68) × 54/72 ×1.8, then multiply the calculation result by 0.85, and choose A as the first question to get the result of the first question. According to the interval given by the stem, you can know the first question. The first question of this kind of topic must be done correctly, because the second question is based on the result of the first question. If you make a mistake, you will miss 2 points.

7. Calculation of body mass index

Calculation formula: body mass index (BMI) = weight (kg)/height (m) squared.

We should all be familiar with this calculation formula. Usually, everyone must have calculated whether their weight is normal. The normal body mass index range of an adult is 18.5~23.9, so we only need to know this normal range.

2022 Licensed Pharmacist Examination Contents:

1, pharmaceutical expertise

(1) It is required to master the characteristics, quality requirements, clinical application, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and in vivo process of commonly used pharmaceutical dosage forms on the basis of correctly understanding the structure-activity relationship of drugs;

(2) Familiar with national drug standards and general principles of Pharmacopoeia directly related to drug quality management;

(3) and can use the basic theories, principles and methods of pharmacy to analyze and solve practical problems, and correctly understand the objective laws of drugs and disease treatment.

2. Pharmaceutical expertise 2

(1) requires familiarity with the pharmacological effects and clinical evaluation of various clinical drugs;

(2) Focus on the knowledge of rational drug use such as drug interaction, major adverse reactions, contraindications and clinical monitoring points with clinical significance;

(3) Systematically master the indications, precautions, usage and dosage, commonly used dosage forms, specifications and other medication knowledge of the main drugs commonly used in clinic, so as to better ensure the safety and effectiveness of public medication.

3. Comprehensive knowledge and skills of pharmacy

(1) In the course of Pharmaceutical Practice and Drug Safety, it is required to master the comprehensive knowledge and skills needed for practical work, such as prescription adjustment, prescription review, drug calculation, drug consultation and drug use for special groups.

(2) Familiar with the knowledge of drug clinical evaluation methods and applications;

(3) In "self-medication and drug therapy", it is required to focus on the judgment and disposal of common symptoms and "minor diseases", drug treatment of common diseases and rational drug use schemes.

(4) Familiar with comprehensive knowledge and skills such as pharmaceutical support, disease health education and publicity in poisoning rescue.

4. Professional knowledge of Chinese pharmacy 1

(1) to master the characteristics, quality requirements and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine preparations and dosage forms, the source, origin and character identification of commonly used traditional Chinese medicines, the processing of traditional Chinese medicines and the quality control of decoction pieces, etc.

(2) Familiar with the chemical components and quality control components of traditional Chinese medicine and the toxicology of traditional Chinese medicine;

(3) can use the basic theories, principles and methods of Chinese medicine to analyze and solve practical problems, and correctly understand the objective laws of Chinese medicine and disease treatment.

5. Professional knowledge of Chinese pharmacy 2

(1) To master the properties (cold, heat, warm, flat, toxic and non-toxic), efficacy, indications, precautions, functions, indications, precautions, compatibility significance and prescription characteristics of single Chinese medicine used in clinic;

(2) Be familiar with the basic compatibility significance and main pharmacological effects of typical single traditional Chinese medicine, the similarities and differences of medicinal properties, efficacy and indications of single traditional Chinese medicine, the sources of individual foreign-body drugs with the same name, and the functions and indications of Chinese patent medicines, so as to better ensure the safety and effectiveness of public medication.

6. Comprehensive knowledge and skills of traditional Chinese medicine

(1) On the basis of understanding the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (including ethnic medicine) and the basic knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine diagnostics, focus on mastering the comprehensive knowledge and skills of rational drug use such as syndrome differentiation and treatment of common diseases, combined use of traditional Chinese medicine and drug use for special people;

(2) Familiar with commonly used medical examination indexes, clinical significance of examination results, knowledge of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine, and all kinds of necessary knowledge and skills of dispensing, storage and nursing of traditional Chinese medicine;

(3) In developing drug information and consulting services, we can independently use books and modern information technology to obtain reliable medical information, and use it to communicate effectively with doctors, nurses, patients and their families to guide rational drug use.

7, pharmacy management and rules and regulations

It is required to master the laws and regulations directly related to legal practice in pharmaceutical practice and understand the specific requirements of national medical and health policies.