Where was Hanzhong during the Three Kingdoms period?

Hanzhong in the Three Kingdoms period is the present Hanzhong area. Hanzhong is a long and narrow buffer zone between Guanzhong Plain and Chengdu Plain, bordering Qinling Mountains in the north and Daba Mountain in the south. In the past, it relied on several impregnable checkpoints and steep valleys to contain all parties, so in the era of competing with each other, there is a saying that "he who wins Hanzhong wins the world." Especially in the period of Han and Three Kingdoms, the geographical position of Hanzhong was very important.

Guyang Guanping has been known as "the throat in the middle of Shu" and "the gateway to Hanzhong" since ancient times. "Geography of Sui Shu" describes the military strategic position of Guyang Guanping in detail: "Sichuan and Shu are controlled in the west, Qin Long in the north, Jingshan in the back, white horses, golden bulls, clouds and baizhang in the left, surrounded by water fronts of Han, black and embers, and the world is extremely dangerous. If Shu is above it, it can defeat the enemy and respect the royal family; Can erode harmony and cool, expand the country; You can seize the key and seek a long-term solution ... "Hanzhong is the most dangerous place like Yangping, so it has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times, especially in the Three Kingdoms period, when the emperors of Shu and Wei tried their best to compete, which made Guyang Pingguan famous all over the world.

In the twentieth year of Jian 'an, in order to expand the sphere of influence, Cao Cao decided to seize Hanzhong, the gateway of Yizhou, before Liu Bei, and then led 65,438+10,000 troops to attack Yangpingguan. Hanzhong is a tiny place, how can it compete with Cao Cao's army? However, after Cao Cao personally inspected the topography and protection of Yangpingguan, he found that the situation was not optimistic: the mountain was steep, and Zhang Lu ordered his commanders Wei Zhang, Yang Ang, Yang Ren and others to build walls and camp on the mountain, commanding, and there was no defense, which was obviously "impregnable". Cao Bing couldn't attack for a long time, so he had to cheat and retreat, let the defenders of Yangpingguan relax their vigilance, and then took the opportunity to capture Yangpingguan. Zhang Lu defenders rebelled, Yang Ang died, and Cao Cao occupied Hanzhong.

After the Hanzhong was pacified, Cao Cao sent Xia, Zhang He and other generals to station troops in Dingjun Mountain and other places to plot the western Shu. At this point, Liu Bei took advantage of Cao Cao's shaky footing and led Huang Zhong into Hanzhong. Xia's troops are very elite, and veteran Huang Zhong is not to be outdone. Every time he is the first to charge, he bravely kills the enemy. The whole army thundered and shook the valley, and finally won Dingjun Mountain, a strategic place, and killed Wei Jiangxia, making great contributions to Liu Bei's opening of the west gate of Hanzhong Basin. Later Zhuge Liang took Dingjun Mountain as the base of Cao Wei's Northern Expedition. Because of this battle, Dingjun Mountain is famous all over the world.

After the Battle of Dingjun Mountain, Wei Jun was defeated, and Liu Bei won Hanzhong. In order to justify the crusade against Cao Cao, the general Ma Chao and other hundreds of clerks and military commanders went to court that day and elected Liu Bei as the king of Hanzhong. It is recorded in the history books: "When an altar is set up, Chen Bing leads the crowd and his ministers accompany him. After reading the play, the crown is in the hands of the ancestors. " In this "King of Hanzhong" ceremony, soldiers and people gathered, the square was singing and dancing, hundreds of drums were ringing, and the instrumental music was loud and powerful, forming the "Ding snare drum" that has been handed down for thousands of years. Liu Bei also read a "memorial" he gave to Liu Xie, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, on the spot to show his attitude and determination. After Liu Bei was sealed, Wei Yan, a warrior, was left to guard Hanzhong and lead the people back to Chengdu. People erected a monument on the altar where Liu Bei was king, and called his old state shop "Xing Liu Zhai".