Chemical symbol of platinum

Platinum properties:

1, physical properties:

Pure platinum is a silvery white metal with luster and ductility. Its ductility is the highest among all pure metals, better than that of gold, silver and copper, but lower than that of gold. Platinum metal has strong corrosion resistance, is very stable at high temperature, and its electrical properties are also very stable.

It will not oxidize at any temperature, but will be corroded by various halogens, cyanide, sulfur and caustic soda. Platinum is insoluble in hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, but soluble in hot water will produce chloroplatinic acid (H _ H _ H2PtCl6 _ 6).

All these physical properties make platinum a widely used metal in industry. Platinum can also be used to make jewelry, because it can resist corrosion and keep luster.

2, chemical properties:

The most common oxidation states of platinum are +2 and +4. +0 and +3 of +65438 platinum are rare, and the metal bond in bimetallic (or polymetallic) compounds can improve its stability. Tetracoordinated platinum (II) compounds usually have a planar quadrilateral structure formed by 16 electrons. Platinum metal has low reactivity, but it will dissolve in hot water to produce chloroplatinic acid (H _ H _ H2PtCl6 _ 6).

Platinum is a soft acid, so it has chemical affinity with sulfur, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Scientists have discovered many kinds of DMSO complexes.

3. Inventory:

Platinum is very rare, and its concentration in the earth's crust is only 0.005 ppm. Platinum is often mistaken for silver. Platinum in nature usually appears in the form of uncombined simple substance, or forms alloys with other platinum elements or iron. The element platinum usually exists in alluvial secondary deposits.

Before Columbus discovered the New World, the alluvial deposits mined by the residents of Colombia's Worm Valley Province still produced platinum-based metals. Another major alluvial deposit is located in the Urals Mountains of Russia.

In nickel and copper mines, platinum-based metals will appear in the form of sulfides (such as (Pt, Pd)S), tellurides (such as PtBiTe), antimonides (PdSb) and arsenides (such as PtAs2), and will also form alloys with nickel or copper. Platinum arsenic ore (platinum arsenic PtAs2) is also the main source of this metal, which is produced in nickel ore and mainly distributed in Soderberry Basin, Ontario, Canada.

From 1927 to 1975, Alaska Platinum produced 17 tons of platinum. The mine ceased operation on 1990. Rare platinum sulfide ore ((Pt, Pd, Ni)S) contains platinum, palladium and nickel. Platinum sulfide deposit is located in Meilanski deposit in Bushveld complex, gauteng province, South Africa.

1865 discovered chromite in Bushveld, South Africa, and 1906 discovered platinum ore. Its largest primary deposit is located in Bushveld complex. The other two deposits are located in a large copper-nickel mine in Norilsk, Russia, and Soderberg Basin in Canada.

The exploitation of nickel ore in Soderberry Basin is huge, because platinum accounts for only 0.5 parts per million. The United States has smaller mineral deposits, such as the Abu Saloka Mountains in Montana. In 20 10, South Africa was the largest platinum producer, accounting for 77% of the total output, followed by Russia, accounting for 13%.

In 20 10, the global platinum output was 192 tons. There are also platinum mines in Tamil Nadu, India, and the Indian Geological Survey has signed an agreement with Tamil Nadu Minerals Limited (TAMIN).

The content of platinum in the moon and meteorites is high, so the volcanic eruption area after the fireball hits the earth will have a high platinum abundance. This kind of deposit has commercial exploitation value, such as Soderberry Basin.