Professional classification of civil servants and institutions?

To put it bluntly, optical information science and technology mainly studies the generation, transmission, operation and processing of optical signals, thus relying on photoelectric systems to realize optical fiber communication. It is an interdisciplinary subject combining modern optics and information science, and is closely related to computer technology, electronic science and technology, physics and modern testing technology. Her name sounds abstract, but it really exists in our daily life: we rely on the long optical fiber at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean for overseas telephone contact with American relatives and friends; We surf the Internet with broadband, and enjoy color pictures with super-large-scale color LED (liquid crystal) display screen, which is the most direct experience of optical information technology. In fact, the achievements of optical information technology are only the tip of the iceberg compared with its huge development potential. Whoever takes the initiative in the photoelectric industry will occupy an advantageous position in the contest of cutting-edge technology today. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to list optical information or optoelectronic technology as the most advanced and promising technology in the 2/kloc-0 century. Changchun and Wuhan in China have successively announced the establishment of "Optical Valley" based on photoelectric technology to drive local high-tech enterprises-this development model is likely to be a new growth point of the global economy after "Silicon Valley". The major of optical information science and technology is generally located in the department of electronic engineering or communication engineering. With the development and rise of photoelectric technology, some colleges and universities have gradually split the major into departments, which fully shows the good development prospects of the major. When applying for the exam, candidates should first understand the specific situation of this major in various schools-the research direction is different and the focus is different, but the requirements for physics, quantum mechanics, wave optics and other disciplines are quite high. If you are interested in physics and mathematics, have good logical thinking and abstract thinking ability, and have a strong understanding, you may wish to apply for this major, and the ocean of light will benefit you a lot. 2 1 century is the information age, and information technology will become an indispensable tool for everyone. As the frontier of information technology, optoelectronics has a stronger development momentum and unlimited prospects, and graduates majoring in optoelectronics can easily become trend leaders in the new era. Graduates of this major mainly have the following choices: 1. Generally speaking, this major with strong science is mainly engaged in related research and development after graduation, which is a road that most people yearn for, but boredom and monotony may become the biggest obstacle for you to move on. 2。 Join the communication industry and communication-related industries, such as Motorola, Siemens, Nokia and other multinational companies and domestic enterprises such as Datang Telecom, ZTE and Kejian. The communication industry is in a period of rapid development, which is the so-called golden stage of the industry. The scale of the industry is expanding and the demand for talents is increasing. At the same time, graduates of this major are also interested in such enterprises, because the salaries, benefits and personal development space of these companies are very attractive. 3。 Engaged in the development of electronic circuits. Mainly the development of photoelectric communication lines, including the manufacture, management and maintenance of equipment. These directions are generally not favored by undergraduates. 4。 Join the direction of computer technology. Because this major requires higher computer skills, graduates generally have a solid computer foundation and can engage in relatively simple computer development and research. If computer technology is a good career, then only a few students in this major make this choice. Recommended institutions are University of Science and Technology of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Nankai University, Northwest University, changchun university of science and technology, Shanxi University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Microelectronics, in short, is the specialty of studying microchips, including chip circuit design, device manufacturing, production technology and performance testing. Most of the microelectronics majors in domestic universities come from radio major (that is, electronic engineering), which is relatively new. Microelectronics research directly supports the hardware development of IT industry. It can be said that without the development of microelectronics technology, the progress of computers and the Internet is impossible. The rapid development of computer technology itself is the best annotation of the rapid development of microelectronics industry. Moore's Law that the volume of microelectronic products is reduced by half and the cost is reduced by half every 18 months is also a miracle of modern industrial development. With the application of microelectronics technology, electronic products have become "miniature" and can be put in the palm of your hand, such as mobile phones, satellites, MP3 players, business communications, etc ... Choosing microelectronics major is not only at the forefront of technological development, but also has a broad future and great potential. Microelectronics naturally cannot be separated from the words "micro" and "electricity". The courses studied in this major have the characteristics of both electronics and physics, and the courses can be basically divided into two categories: courses related to circuit design and courses related to semiconductor physics. Generally speaking, students who are good at physics, logical analysis and understanding are not very hard to learn. At the same time, because this major is closely related to technical application, you also need to have certain hands-on ability. There are two directions for the cultivation of talents in this major: first, theoretical research and innovative experiments; Second, develop technical products. The first kind of people who need high professional quality and solid theoretical foundation should have a certain spirit of innovation; The second category requires strong hands-on ability and high technical level. To put it simply, these two are the differences between partiality and partiality. Speaking of the future, there is no doubt about microelectronics specialty. Going abroad, taking the postgraduate entrance examination and getting a job can be described as smooth sailing. Due to the rapid development of foreign information industry, there is a great demand for talents in this field, especially technical development talents. Similarly, because the information industry is the national key development object, the domestic demand for microelectronics talents is also considerable, and companies such as IBM, Intel, Cisco, Motorola, Lenovo, Huawei, Hua Hong and so on all need talents in this field, and the remuneration is also quite generous. If you can wear a master's or doctor's hat, the way out will be wider. Many universities in China have set up microelectronics majors, which are usually affiliated to the School of Electronic Engineering/Information/Communication. Many universities' microelectronics majors are limited by conditions, and most of them cultivate the above-mentioned talents, while the second-class talents can only be cultivated by production lines. At present, Tsinghua University Institute of Microelectronics and Chinese Academy of Sciences have their own production lines, and their comprehensive level is in a leading position in China. Recommended institutions Tsinghua University, Peking University, Fudan University, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, xidian university, Hefei University of Technology, and Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications electronic information science and technology information technology are the driving force of economic development, and in the military field related to the life and death of a country, the electronic industry plays a decisive role. Modern warfare is developing in the direction of high technology and informationization, and electronic warfare has become a powerful means to attack the enemy. No country wants to be in a passive position in the global information war, even if it is very "burning money". Many countries in the world, including China, have spared no expense in information technology in order to take the initiative in the global strategic competition. Faced with a major with the words "electronics" and "information", I'm afraid no one will doubt its future. With the rapid development of electronic industry and the wide application of information technology, the wave of knowledge economy represented by information technology has swept the world and become the main driving force of economic growth in the world today. Looking forward to the future, the electronic industry (including the emerging optoelectronic industry) will be at the forefront of the world's scientific and technological development for a long time and will continue to drive the development of the global economy. Many students will be confused when faced with such very similar professional terms as "electronic information engineering" and "electronic information science and technology". Generally speaking, the former refers to the radio major, emphasizing application; The latter, that is, this major refers to physical electronics, microelectronics, optoelectronics and other majors, which is more theoretical. The former mainly studies radio waves, circuits and systems, while the latter mainly studies electrical phenomena, electrical characteristics and the functions that can be realized after the device is made. Both of them are equally important and belong to two aspects of the parallel development of electronic science, which is the foundation of the development of hardware industry. Specific to the major of electronic information science and technology, mathematics, computer, English, circuit analysis, analog circuit and digital circuit are the basic courses in college. Specialized courses involve a lot of computer knowledge and require familiarity with computer software and hardware. Therefore, some students turn to study computers after completing professional courses, and take computer development and application as the main development direction. During my college years, my major requires a higher level of mathematics and physics. Secondly, laser principle, quantum physics, semiconductor physics and other professional courses are all involved in the micro-field, which is relatively theoretical and suitable for students with high mathematical level and strong abstract thinking ability. Because the course is abstract, difficult and stressful, in other words, it is "very tired". However, this major has a wide range of career choices and high employment quality: telecommunications companies are the first choice for graduates of this major; In addition, many people will go to work in banks and other departments. Although these industries are not dominated by electronic communication, these technologies are indispensable to them. Another choice for graduates is postgraduate entrance examination, but everyone's enthusiasm for postgraduate entrance examination is generally not high-postgraduate entrance examination is nothing more than to find a better job, but at present, there are many jobs in the communication industry and the treatment is good. How many people can resist the temptation of reality and concentrate on reading sage books? And compared with other popular majors, this major is much more convenient to go abroad-because of the characteristics of partial science, it is less difficult to apply for foreign universities. Tsinghua University, Peking University, Nanjing University, Fudan University, Nankai University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, South China University of Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ningbo University and Qingdao University are important carriers of information transmission in the 2 1 century. However, the security risks of network and information system are increasingly prominent, and high-tech crimes, leaks, hacker intrusions and virus intrusions are constantly challenging the existing social order. Therefore, China regards information security as a priority development area in the next decade. Information security specialty is a new discipline formed by the mutual infiltration of computer and electronic information, which mainly trains information security professionals engaged in computer network, e-commerce and e-government. Information is an important strategic resource for social development. The international struggle around the acquisition, use and control of information is becoming increasingly fierce, and information security has become the focus of maintaining national security and social stability. The ability to ensure information security is not only the guarantee of giving full play to the high efficiency and effectiveness brought by the information revolution, but also an important barrier to resist information aggression, an important part of comprehensive national strength, economic competitiveness and viability, and a commanding height that all countries in the world are struggling to climb. At present, there are a number of institutions and enterprises specializing in basic research, technology development and technical services of information security in China, which have formed the embryonic form of China's information security industry, but the talent bottleneck has been restricting the development-only a few universities in China offer information security majors, and there is a shortage of talents. Like other majors in electronic information science, learning information security also requires a good foundation in mathematics and physics. Most graduates work as system security engineers, network system security software engineers, information security engineers and Linux operating system security engineers in government agencies, banks, finance, securities, communications and other industries. Recommended institutions are Northeastern University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Guangzhou University, Guizhou University and Hefei University of Technology.