The history of Zhongshan (please tell me more)

Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province

Zhongshan City is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province, consisting of 24 towns and districts[1]. It is one of the four prefecture-level cities in the country without counties. . Located in the south-central part of the Pearl River Delta, adjacent to Guangzhou and Macau in the north, the city has a total area of ??1,800 square kilometers, an average annual temperature of 20°C, and a registered population of 1.41 million. Zhongshan is the hometown of Sun Yat-sen, our great revolutionary forerunner, and a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. There are more than 800,000 overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan living in 87 countries and regions on five continents. Zhongshan City is one of my country's coastal open cities. In recent years, it has vigorously promoted the strategy of "strengthening the city through industry" and has successively built a national packaging and printing base, a national health technology industry base, an electronic information industry base, a private science and technology park and other industries with high technological content. The park has basically formed a diversified product structure with high-tech industry as the leader and high-quality products as the fist, including Robust Beverage, Yale Solid Door Locks, Keda Fine Chemicals, Vantage Gas Appliances, Jiahua Electronics, etc. Well-known industrial brands at home and abroad. Regional characteristic economies such as Xiaolan Hardware, Guzhen Lighting, Shaxi Casual Wear, Dayong Redwood Furniture, Nantou Air Conditioning, and Huangpu Food are booming, and their products occupy a large market share across the country. More than 20 of the world's top 500 companies have been established in Zhongshan. In 2003, the city achieved a GDP of 50.14 billion yuan and a total industrial output value of 154.429 billion yuan. In 2008, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Zhongshan City reached 21,999 yuan, ranking 4th in Guangdong Province. In 2008, Zhongshan's GDP increased by 10.5%, and the city's GDP reached 140.852 billion yuan, ranking 5th in Guangdong Province. In 2008, Zhongshan City's total industrial output value exceeded 400 billion yuan. , the output value of high-tech products exceeds 120 billion yuan. Zhongshan Landscape The investment environment in Zhongshan City is highly attractive. The city's existing highway mileage is 1,067 kilometers, forming a road network extending in all directions with national highways, trunk roads and the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway as the skeleton; within a radius of 90 kilometers, there are five major airports including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Hong Kong, and Macao; railways Transportation reaches all parts of the country via Guangzhou. At present, with the opening of Shenwan Port, Zhongshan has formed a "pin"-shaped terminal layout with Zhongshan Port in the east, Shenwan Port in the south, and Xiaolan Port in the north. Among them, the annual container throughput of Zhongshan Port ranks among the highest in the country. Top 10, Top 100 in the world. The flight from Zhongshan Port to Hong Kong only takes 75 minutes. Zhongshan has sufficient water supply and power, and has initially built a broadband, high-speed and large-capacity information network with the urban area as the hub, connecting various towns and large and medium-sized enterprises, forming the "Zhongshan Information Highway". Zhongshan City, area: 1,800 square kilometers. Population: 1.423 million. Long-distance telephone area code: 0760. Car license plate: Add Cantonese T before the number. Postal code: 528400. Municipal People's Government is located at No. 1 Songyuan Road, East District. Administrative division: 5 offices including Shiqi District, East District, West District, South District, Wuguishan District, Xiaolan, Guzhen, Henglan, Dongsheng, Gangguang, Shaxi, Dayong, Huangpu, Nantou, Dongfeng, Fu There are 18 towns including Sha, Sanjia, Minmin, Nanlang, Sanxiang, Tanzhou, Banfu, Shenwan and 1 national high-tech torch development zone. Zhongshan City is located in the south-central part of the Pearl River Delta, on the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary, connected to Guangzhou to the north and adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao. It has jurisdiction over 1 national-level Torch High-tech Industrial Development Zone, 5 sub-district offices, and 18 towns, with a total area of ??1,800 square kilometers and a registered population of 1.423 million. There are more than 800,000 overseas Chinese and compatriots living in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who are originally from this city. Zhongshan, known as Xiangshan in ancient times, is the hometown of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the great revolutionary forerunner of China. It was established in the 22nd year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1152). In 1925, it was renamed Zhongshan County in memory of Mr. Sun Yat-sen. In 1983, the county was removed and established as a city, and in 1988, it was upgraded to a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. In recent years, the Zhongshan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have adhered to the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents" and the Scientific Outlook on Development, thoroughly implemented the spirit of the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 16th Central Committee of the Party, and vigorously promoted a harmonious society Construction, adhering to the strategies of "strengthening the city through industry", "governing the city according to law", "revitalizing the city through science and education" and sustainable development, and achieved new achievements in economic and social construction. In 2006, the city's GDP was 103.6 billion yuan, the per capita GDP per registered household was 73,198 yuan, and the state and local tax revenue was 15.749 billion yuan; the local general budget revenue was 6.645 billion yuan, ranking fifth among cities above the prefecture level in the province; The fixed asset investment of the whole society is 34.277 billion yuan. Xiangshan County has a history of more than 840 years since it was first established. It has gone through several economic and cultural development stages from a lower-level county to a large county to a model county to a special-level county to a city. Xiangshan belonged to Panyu County in the Han Dynasty, Dongguan County after the Jin Dynasty, and Dongguan County in the Tang Dynasty. Xiangshan County was established in the 22nd year of Shaoxing (1152) in the Southern Song Dynasty and was subordinate to Guangzhou. It consisted of a group of islands and "cut off the coastal areas of the three counties of Nanhai, Panyu and Xinhui to benefit them". There was no land connection with each other, sparse population and backward economy. Song and In both the Yuan and Ming dynasties, it was classified as a lower-level county by the imperial court. The "Yongle Dadian" of the Ming Dynasty records: "Xiangshan is a city with an island in the sea. Its land is the narrowest and its people are the poorest." In the 23rd year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1684), Guangdong announced the abolition of the "boundary relocation" order, and added the original several The separated islands were connected to Shunde and the South China Sea due to the land connection of Shatian, which led to the sudden development of agriculture, commerce and transportation.

During the Jiaqing and Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty, "it was a major county in the same category as Nan (Hai), Fan (Yu), Shun (De), and Dong (Guan)", and "the household registration was Yin Fan, who drove out of other cities and went up." On November 12, 1866, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was born in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County. After the Republic of China, Zhongshan County was directly under Guangdong Province. In February of the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), the 19th State Council Meeting of the National Government designated "Zhongshan County as the hometown of Prime Minister (Sun Yat-sen)" and "the county is the most prosperous area in central Guangdong, with a huge annual income, early wisdom among the people, and the emergence of talents in large numbers. ” and so on determined Zhongshan County as a national model county. Dr. Sun Yat-sen passed away on March 12, 1925. On April 15 of the same year, Xiangshan County was renamed Zhongshan County in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. In April 1950, Zhongshan County was listed as a special county by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Civil Affairs due to its dense population, vast land, and generous finances. In December 1983, Zhongshan was removed from the county and established as a city. On January 1, 1988, it was upgraded to a provincial-level prefecture-level city. Zhongshan has therefore become the only city in the country named after a great man. Since the mid-1980s, it has become world-famous as one of the "Four Little Tigers" of Guangdong due to its rapid economic and social development. In 1997, it was awarded the "World Habitat Award" by the United Nations. In 2005, Zhongshan City ranked 17th in the comprehensive competitiveness ranking of Chinese cities published by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. In 2005, Zhongshan City was awarded the first batch of "National Civilized City" title, becoming one of the 9 cities in the country to win this honor. Zhongshan City is located in the south-central part of the Pearl River Delta, connected to Guangzhou in the north and adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao. It covers an area of ??1,891.95 square kilometers and has a built-up area of ??35.6 square kilometers. The total population is 2.435 million, the registered population is 1.408 million, and the annual average temperature is 22°C. Zhongshan is the hometown of Sun Yat-sen, China’s great revolutionary forerunner, and is also a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. There are more than 800,000 overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan living in 87 countries and regions on five continents.

Zhongshan was called Xiangshan in ancient times and got its name because of the “lots of fairy flowers on the ground”. In ancient times, Xiangshan was an island isolated on the Lingding Ocean outside the Pearl River Estuary. Its territory included the present-day Wugui Mountain and Fenghuang Mountain (now Zhuhai City) and the surrounding mountains and hills, that is, the land from Shiqi to Macao. Since the Tang Dynasty, due to the continuous deposition of large amounts of sediment carried by the Pearl River water in this area, a vast alluvial plain has gradually been formed. After the Song and Yuan dynasties, the land that changed from the sea to the alluvial plain accounted for about one-third of the original land area. Second, people call it the Eighteen Sands of the West Sea, which is now Xiaolan, Dongsheng, Tanbei, Henglan and other towns. By the Ming Dynasty, the alluvial plain continued to expand, and the land formed at this time was called the Sixteen Sands of the East China Sea, which is today's towns such as Dongfeng, Nantou, Huangpu, Fusa, Sanjia, Langwang, Minmin, and Port. By the Qing Dynasty, the southwestern plains of Banfu, Shenwan, Sanxiang and Tanzhou were formed south of the current port and east of Modaomen Waterway. Vicissitudes of change have connected the north of Shiqi with the mainland of Shunde and Panyu, becoming part of the alluvial plain of the Pearl River Delta.

After liberation, archaeologists discovered 9 Neolithic cultural sites including Mashan in Shiqi West District and Longxue Village in Nanlang. Many stone tools, painted pottery, sand-filled pottery and other artifacts were unearthed. It shows that in Zhongshan during the middle and late Neolithic Age 5,000 years ago, the indigenous Guyue people had fished, hunted and lived on Xiangshan Island.

Xiangshan Island was the land of Baiyue Island during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It belonged to Nanhai County in the Qin Dynasty, to Panyu County of Nanhai County in the Han Dynasty, to Dongguan County in the Jin Dynasty, and to Baoan County in the Sui Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it was Dongguan County and was established as Xiangshan Town. Its territory included present-day Shiqi, Shaxi, Dayong, Nan District, Shenwan, Sanxiang, Shenwan, Shitang, Cuiheng, Wuguishan, Nanlang, and Zhang Jiabian and the areas around Shanchang, Qianshan, Tangjia and Xiazha in Zhuhai City. In the 22nd year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1152), Dongguan County Magistrate Yao Xiaozi established Xiangshan County on the suggestion of Chen Tianjue, a Jinshi scholar, to convert the town into a county, and "cut the coastal areas of Nanhai, Panyu, and Xinhui counties to benefit it" and subordinated it to Guangzhou.

When Xiangshan County was founded, the territory was a group of disconnected islands with a population of only nearly 10,000 households. It had a backward semi-fishing and semi-agricultural economy. During the Southern Song, Yuan, Ming and several dynasties before the mid-Qing Dynasty, All are classified as lower-class counties. In the meantime, the Portuguese entered Macau in 1553 and implemented autonomy. In 1849, Xiangshan lost its right to administer Macau. During the Jiaqing and Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty, due to the rapid and large-scale siltation of Shatan and the emphasis on recuperation and recuperation, coupled with the repeated immigration of immigrants from the Central Plains, the population of the county increased greatly, and at the same time, advanced production technology and excellent varieties were brought to Xiangshan County. Agricultural production in Guangdong has developed rapidly, and it has become a fertile area in Guangdong for a while.

In 1911, the Revolution of 1911 broke out and won. On May 5, 1921, the National Government of the Republic of China was established in Guangzhou. Sun Yat-sen took office as president, announced the beginning of the military period, and improved political institutions at all levels. Xiangshan County launched an election campaign for the county magistrate in the summer and autumn, and Wu Tiecheng was elected. On March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen passed away in Beijing. On April 15, Xiangshan County was renamed Zhongshan County in memory of Sun Yat-sen. The people of Zhongshan (Xiangshan) have a glorious revolutionary tradition in modern Chinese history, which has been fully developed in the revolutionary era of nearly half a century. Their revolutionary spirit has been influential to defend the nation and state through succession and death.

On November 6-7, 1911, driven by the Wuchang Uprising, the revolutionary armed forces of Xiangshan County, directly led by the Macao General Branch of the Southern Coordinating Department of the Chinese Tongmenghui, marched in three directions from Longdu, Liangdu, and Qianshan The county seat, occupied the county government office, and established the Xiangshan County Provisional Military Government. This was the period of the Xiangshan Uprising of 1911. When Long Jiguang was wreaking havoc on Guangdong, Xiangshan County revolutionaries Ren Henian, Lin Jinghun and others launched the Longdu Uprising in 1916. Many battles took place at the key passes of Shiqihai, Mashan and Xihe Road, which gave Long Jiguang and his troops a Xiangshan's agents dealt a huge blow, and later generations erected a Shiqi Xishan Monument to commemorate this incident.

After the "July 7th Incident" in 1937, the Japanese army invaded and occupied Sanzao Island in District 7 of Zhongshan County (now part of Zhuhai City) in February 1938. Zhongshan entered the period of the Kuomintang's joint anti-Japanese war and With the joint resistance of the army and the people, they successively won victories in the Battle of Hengmen and the Battles of Hengmen and Zhangjiabian in 1939. After the fall of Zhongshan in 1940, the people of Zhongshan County, under the leadership of the Zhongshun Central County Committee of Nanfan, Zhongshan and the Pearl River Special Committee of the Zhongshan County, established the Zhongshan Anti-Guerrilla Brigade based on Wugui Mountain and actively launched anti-Japanese armed forces behind enemy lines. Struggle, and victory in the Battle of Sanxiang, the Battle of Qi'ao Island, and the Defense of Wugui Mountain Area. According to statistics, throughout the Anti-Japanese War, Zhongshan's anti-Japanese guerrillas fought more than 140 battles with the Japanese army under the direct command of the Guangdong Nanfan Zhongshun Guerrilla Zone Headquarters and the Guangdong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Pearl River Column. The contributions made by Lin Qiangyun, Liang Jia, Luo Zhangyou and others to the liberation of Zhongshan have been praised by future generations.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang launched a large-scale civil war regardless of the people's wishes for peace and democracy. The Zhongshan Special Office of the Communist Party of China did a lot of propaganda work for this purpose. In the second half of 1949, the party organizations and people's armed organizations in Zhongshan County expanded rapidly. For example, the Zhongshan Independent Regiment of the Guangdong-Kiangxi-Hunan Border Column of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (referred to as "Zhongshan Independent Regiment") was established in Changjiang Township, Zhongshan County in mid-September. Regiment"), etc., were fully prepared for the liberation of Zhongshan County.

On October 30, 1949, Zhongshan’s local people’s armed forces and the former masses of the Wuguishan base and the leading troops of the Guangdong and Guangxi columns of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army successfully joined forces in Shiqi, which was the Liberation Day of Zhongshan. On August 4, 1950, the entire territory of Zhongshan was liberated.

Zhongshan (Xiangshan) in ancient times can be said to be unknown in the history of Chinese social development. Both economically and culturally, it was in a relatively lagging position in the entire Pearl River Delta region. This situation continued until the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. Only then did things get basically better. In the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1684), Guangdong announced the abolition of the "boundary relocation" order. Since then, Zhongshan's social economy and culture have entered a period of rapid development. By the time of the Republic of China, Zhongshan had become a large county known as the "land of plenty". The local fiscal revenue is abundant, and it was designated as a national model county by the National Government in 1929 and a provincial model county by the Guangdong Provincial Government in 1948. It has always occupied an important position in the country.

After liberation, Zhongshan County experienced rapid development and changes. In April 1950, it was listed as a special county by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Civil Affairs. Since then, although Zhongshan has been gradually separated from Zhuhai County and Doumen County (mostly) and some areas have been assigned to Panyu, Shunde, Xinhui and other counties, its main economic indicators are still at the forefront of more than 100 counties in the province. In 1982, Zhongshan County was listed as one of the rich counties in the country by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries. In December 1983, Zhongshan was allowed to withdraw from the county and change into a city. In January 1988, it was upgraded to a prefecture-level city, entering the process of urban economic development and It has made remarkable achievements and was listed by the National Bureau of Statistics in 1989 as one of the six cities in my country's first wholesale department that have entered the moderately prosperous level.

Zhongshan has been known as a place of outstanding people for a long time. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty when the imperial examinations became more and more popular, the county produced 16 Jinshi and more than 180 candidates. Representatives of them have written as many as 460 volumes and major works. Huang Zuo, the editor-in-chief of "Guangdong Tongzhi" who revised the Ming Dynasty, and He Wuzou, who served as the first assistant of the Southern Ming and Tang Dynasties. In modern times, Xiangshan is full of talented people and bright stars. Due to Xiangshan's special geographical location adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao and the popularity of many overseas Chinese, "taking the lead" has enabled Xiangshan people to take steps toward the world, shortened the distance between Xiangshan people and the world, and expanded Xiangshan people's recognition of the world. At the level of civilization, it opened up the modern thinking of Xiangshan people to embrace the world trend, gave birth to the ideological trend of democratic revolution, and produced a group of figures who had a great influence on the democratic revolution in modern China. Xiangshan people have long opposed feudal rule, imperialist aggression, and bureaucratic capitalist rule, forming a glorious and fine revolutionary tradition. With a spirit of daring to be the first in the world, they have written a glorious chapter in modern history.

Rong Hong, China’s first bachelor and doctorate graduate from a foreign institution of higher learning, and China’s first bourgeois intellectual; Zheng Guanying, the most famous of China’s early bourgeois reformers, wrote His "Warnings in the Prosperous Age" played a leading role in the later "1898 Reform" led by Kang Youwei. The bourgeois democratic revolution led by Sun Yat-sen, the great forerunner of the democratic revolution who was born in Cuiheng Village, has a closer relationship with Xiangshan and Xiangshan people. He was the initiator, leader and organization of this revolutionary movement that changed the historical destiny of Chinese society. Xiangshan fellows have always been supporters and participants in his cause. Cheng Kuiguang, Cheng Yaochen and Lu Haodong all died for the revolution.

It can be said that in modern China, the people of Xiangshan, represented by Sun Yat-sen, were the first to raise the banner of democratic revolution and advocate the revolutionary overthrow of more than two thousand years of feudal autocratic rule and the establishment of an independent, free and equal democratic democracy and country. . Xiangshan also has the "Father of the Chinese Air Force" Yang Xianyi (from Beitai) and China's first female pilot Zhu Mufei (from Xiya). Xiangshan County is therefore known as the "Hometown of Aviation".

In the new democratic revolution under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Yang Paoan, the earliest theorist to promote Marxism in South China, Su Zhaozheng, the leader of the provincial and Hong Kong general strikes, and the Sixth Session of the Communist Party of China Yang Yin, alternate member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau and Minister of Military Affairs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Lin Weimin, Li Huazhao, Li Yanmeng and other outstanding sons and daughters of Zhongshan all sacrificed their precious lives for the revolution. In the fight against the invasion of Japanese imperialism, heroic fighting groups and heroic soldiers such as the first detachment of the Pearl River Column emerged in Zhongshan. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Wugui Mountain Anti-Japanese Base Area was opened up. They fought hard and achieved victory. The glorious victory of the Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War behind enemy lines in Zhongshan.

During the War of Liberation, the first detachment of the Pearl River Column stood firm on Wugui Mountain and fought an indomitable and heroic struggle against the Kuomintang reactionaries, eventually ushering in the liberation of Zhongshan. In modern times, Xiangshan people have made significant contributions to China's modernization with their spirit of unity, patriotism, pragmatism and innovation. Rong Hong is known as one of the pioneers of China's modernization. Tang Tingshu, Xu Run, Zheng Guanying, etc. also directly participated in a series of "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth" activities of the Westernization Movement, and left a legacy in establishing industries. Many pioneering achievements were made. Ma Yingbiao, Guo Le, Guo Quan, Liu Xiji, Li Minzhou, Cai Chang and Cai Xing were all Xiangshan natives.

Zhongshan people have made important creations for China’s modern education and culture. Chung Rongguang founded Lingnan University, Su Manshu is unique in literature and art, Ruan Lingyu is famous for her film performances, Xiao Youmei is known as the founder of modern Chinese music education, and Lu Wencheng has become the leading composer and singer of Guangdong music. Reformers, etc., all occupy an important position in the history of modern Chinese culture. From a certain perspective, these Xiangshan celebrities in educational and cultural undertakings have also promoted the development of Xiangshan cultural undertakings to a certain extent and brought about the heyday of Xiangshan academic style, which has appeared in early childhood education, higher education and even vocational education and military education. The gratifying scene of vigorous development adds luster to the image of Xiangshan (Zhongshan) as a model county.

The sages and philosophers of Zhongshan have made their own contributions to Chinese civilization. The historical mission encourages us to contribute to the new development of Zhongshan by inheriting the essence of Zhongshan’s history and culture and the spirit of “dare to be the first” of Zhongshan people. contribute to development.