What is the northeast drum with endless famous artists?

Since the Qing Dynasty, among all kinds of drums circulating in Shenyang, Northeast Drum and Xihe Drum have the greatest influence. If we want to talk about the northeast drum, we have to start with the "black boy". Black boy's book is also called "single class". The "one-person class" described by Liu Shiying in Das Kapital is:

Hand and mouth, two corresponding.

Hit that man. Get your hands off me.

Erhuang gang, pure students.

Music is informal and secular.

According to this view, "one-person class" is an aria in which a person plays this person and learns to sing Huang Er and Bangzi's operas. Therefore, Black Boy's books are usually called "single class". In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1896), the book Juehongliu, a disciple of Yin Qing, published by Wen Sheng's study room in Shengjing, wrote: "Black boy in one class wrote a book with two boards tied to his legs. Broken bones and tendons, tied with an illegal rope. It's always convenient for the old octave to be full of strings and have a red throat. " This also shows that One's Class is a black boy's book.

Black boy's book, also called the country, was sung by one person with three strings. There are two boards on the corner of the table, which are pulled by a rope, and the other end is tied to the artist's leg to play rhythm. This kind of music is mainly rap novellas. There are dozens of tracks, such as The Legend of the Dragon, The Case of Gong Liu and Reply to the Cup.

Teenagers who learn drum sets.

The late Northeast Drum Chorus Zhang said that in the forty-eighth year of Qianlong (1783), Beijing calligrapher Huang once performed in Fengtian, which had a great influence on later Fengtian Drum. Early Fengtian drum artists Che Debao, Zhao Bi, Wang Desheng and Jiang Rui all called Heizi a calligrapher. The "big drum" in Liu Shiying's Das Kapital is:

Tell the truth. Well said.

Drum book, plum blossom tune.

Slow down and raise your hat.

Howl like a wolf, bark like a ghost.

The drum skin is tight, which makes it hard.

Nonsense.

"Meihuadao" is the initial name of Xihe Drum, and "Slow City West City" was originally the name of Qupai. At that time, the literati in Fengtian used this name to refer to the drum that had just been produced locally, which was later the Northeast Drum.

In the fourth year of Guangxu (1878), Miao wrote in Miscellanies with Beijing: "Storytelling is divided into four levels, the highest level is Zishushu, the second level is Ci, the second level is Slow West Side, and the third level is Drum Plum Melody. The writing is absurd and the words are vulgar. "

New songs approved by Fengtian Education Department in the early Republic of China

Miao was an academician in the late Qing Dynasty. He classified his children's books as first-class storytellers, commented as second-class storytellers, and classified Slow West City and Meihua Island as third-and fourth-class storytellers. These literati, who are used to listening to the elegant music Di Zi Shu, despise plum blossom tune the most. Liu Shiying said that the slow west side artists performed "howling like wolves and barking like ghosts" because they didn't like the rustic villagers who just entered the city and shouted when singing. Miao said that "Plum Blossom Melody" was "irrelevant, and the words didn't convey the meaning". However, the lower classes like to listen to this kind of big drum from Zhili (Hebei). Because artists are good at telling long stories of unofficial history legends, the plot is tortuous, the story is vivid, and the lyrics are popular, so you can understand them as soon as you listen. This is exactly "radish and cabbage have their own love".

Manxi City (Northeast Drum) and Meihua Island (Xihe Drum) live together in the northeast. Artists learn from each other, learn from each other's strengths, repel each other and be self-righteous. Two lines of drummers constantly competed for the audience, and later it became more intense.

There are two theories about the origin of the Northeast Drum: First, in the forty-eighth year of Qing Qianlong (1783), Beijing calligrapher Huang went to Fengtian to perform art and became an apprentice. Later, Heizi's book absorbed the local dialect and evolved into a Fengtian drum. Second, Tun Drum was originally a rural drum in western Liaoning, and was later brought into the city by artists to form Fengtian Drum.

In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), the Qing court divided the Shengjing Special Administrative Region in the northeast into three provinces: Fengtian (now Liaoning), Jilin and Heilongjiang. The Shengjing Times, which was founded about a year ago, named the local drum formed in Fengtian as Fengtian Drum, and often published news and comments on drum artists' activities in Fengtian and surrounding counties. Since then, the name of Fengtian Drum has been recognized by artists and audiences. 1929 After Fengtian was renamed Liaoning Province, Fengtian Drum was once renamed Liaoning Drum. 1945 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it was named Northeast Drum after the recovery of Northeast China.

Prints of karaoke meeting in Ming dynasty

In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, Fengtian Drum was very popular. Especially after the Revolution of 1911, the first 20 years of the Republic of China was the golden age of pass the parcel. Everyone from dignitaries to ordinary people likes to listen to the drums in heaven. Throughout the northeast, famous artists come forth in large numbers. There are three major schools of Fengtian drum, which spread to Kyrgyzstan and Heilongjiang provinces and developed into five major art schools in China, West, South, East and North with Fengtian (Shenyang) as the center.

Fengpai Drum is centered on Fengtian, including Kaiyuan, Tieling, Xinmin, Liaozhong, Liaoyang, Anshan, Fushun, Benxi and other surrounding cities and counties. Actors mainly sing short paragraphs, and also sing novellas, which are euphemistic and touching. He is good at singing love passages such as Princess Yi Zhen and Daiyu Sad for Autumn. The main artists are Che Debao, Men Zhenbang and Huo Shutang, and the actors are Kingdee, Liu, Zhu Xizhen, Chen. There are He Baosheng and He Fuquan, known as "Hull".

The Xicheng tune is centered on Jinzhou, the Cheng Nan tune is centered on Yingkou, the Dongcheng tune is centered on Jilin, the former capital of Jilin, and the Jiangbei tune is centered on Harbin. The five major drum schools in Northeast China spread all over the three northeastern provinces, and also spread to Tianjin, Beijing, Henan, Inner Mongolia and other places.

The early northeast drum was divided into four doors: Mei, Qing, Hu and Zhao. Ten words are handed down under each door, and each word is a generation. New disciples of all factions and generations should name their stage names according to typesetting. One to four generations, mostly artists in the Qing Dynasty; Most of the five or six dynasties were artists of the Republic of China; After the seventh generation, they were artists of New China. In fact, many artists did not fully abide by the old rules and named them with words. In addition, some portals have some branches and pass a few words. So some artists belong to the same family.

As early as the late Qing Dynasty in Xuan Tong, Wang Yulin, a Fengtian drummer, went to Tianjin to perform under Ma Baoshan and occupied Tianjin for a long time. From 65438 to 0930, Fu Lingge took Fu Fengyun, Fu Ziyun, Fu Cuiyun, Fu Jiayun, Fu Huiyun, Fu Xiaoyun and Fu's seven daughters to Peiping (Beijing), where Fu Jiaban performed for two years. After 1945, Xiao Yunhe and Xiao Jinrong performed in Beiping for many years. Huo Shutang and Peng Ye went to Peking to perform in 1948. In Kaifeng City, Henan Province, there are two female Fengtian drum artists, red peony and green peony, around 1930. In eastern Inner Mongolia, folk artists such as Yang, Fu Bin and so on appeared in the late Qing Dynasty, and female artists such as Yang and Fu Bin in the early Republic of China all expanded the influence of the Northeast Drum in various places.

From the Revolution of 1911 (191) to the September 18th Incident (193 1), the first two decades of the Republic of China were the golden age of Fengtian drums. As mentioned earlier, 19 14 On March 30th, there were 34 drummers who graduated from Fengtian Pingci Drum Book Research Association founded by Fengtian Education Department, most of whom were Fengtian drummers. In this examination, Wang Xianzhang (1854- 1932), whose stage name is Wang Fushun, ranked first in the drum book. At the age of twenty, he is as famous as Yu Qi in the local area, and there is a saying that "there is Yu Qi in the south and a charter in the north". Guangxu six years (1880), went to the northeast to perform. After the Republic of China, he often sang in the Grand Marshal's House, which was appreciated by Zhang and his five aunts. With Zhang's support, he founded Fengtian Drum School (also known as Drum Club) and became the principal over 60 years old. Although he himself is an artist of Pinggu drum music, not all students learn Pinggu drum music, but many learn Fengtian drum music.

193 1 After the September 18th Incident, Japanese invaders occupied three northeastern provinces and Jehol province. The following year, the puppet Manchukuo was forcibly established, and Liaoning Province, which had been renamed for more than three years, was recalled to Fengtian, and the Liaoning Drum was also renamed Fengtian Drum. Fengtian drum artists are struggling and suffer indignities everywhere. Many artists told stories and sang songs in teahouses, but they were scolded by fake policemen and traitors. Fake policemen often "fly posts into Taiwan" and send a post every few days. Either it's his old man's birthday, or his children's full moon or centennial celebration, they have to give gifts with money, or they have to find an excuse to open the teahouse. Many artists from Liaoning went to the Great Northern Wilderness in Heilongjiang Province to make a living.

By the end of 1930s, the survival of Fengtian drum artists became more and more difficult. In the past, Fengtian drummers specialized in singing short passages, which were divided into three categories: Zidishu, Sanguo and Caoduan (popular lyrics). During the former Republic of China, in Shenyang, dignitaries and literati loved to listen to children's books with elegant lyrics. Now, most of the audience are urban civilians. They can't understand children's books such as Tang poetry and Song poetry, and they will be interested only after reading the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. They can only listen to silly jokes like "Happy New Year". Therefore, there is a phenomenon that "the son is not as good as the three, and the three are not as good as the grass" (that is, the Book of Di Zi is not as good as the reflection of the three kingdoms and the reflection of the three kingdoms is not as good as the cursive script). There are not many long books spoken by Fengtian Drum Artists Association, mainly including "robe with book", "flower robe with book" and "short book". Robes with books are about history books, such as the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Flower robe belt refers to unofficial history's legendary books, such as Fan Lihua and Tianmen Array. , mainly female generals, young people everywhere, fighting with the enemy. Scraping Books is due to the prevalence of martial arts books such as Three Chivalrous Men and Five Righteousnesses and the Warrior Map of Yongzheng in the storytelling circle at that time. Some "Christina Tui" (laity) read novels at night and tell stories during the day, and some listeners like to listen to them. Therefore, there is a problem in Fengtian Drum Bibliography that "robes are not as good as flowers, and flowers are not as good as beating" ("robes with books are not as good as" flowers with books "and" flowers with books are not as good as "beating short books"). The audience is small, and the income of artists is too low to maintain a basic life. Many artists also began to learn martial arts books, or write big books themselves. 194 1 After the outbreak of the "Pacific War", the puppet Manchukuo was short of materials and the economy was extremely difficult. The people in Northeast China were short of food and clothing, and painters were even more miserable. They all hoped that Japanese imperialism would perish and that the puppet Manchukuo would collapse at an early date.

1945 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Fengtian Drum was named Northeast Drum (only Liaoning Province once called Liaoning Drum).

At the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of Republic of China, there were many famous drummers in Northeast China. The famous artists of "Xicheng Tune" are Cheng and others in western Liaoning during Guangxu period, and Song Xiuren and others after the Republic of China. Famous "Cheng Nan Tune" artists, including Yingkou Liang Fuji, are known as "the biggest drum in Kanto". During Guangxu period, he went to Beijing to enter the palace to perform "The Eighth Day of Luda" for the emperor. After the Republic of China, there were Dou Guishan in Liaoyang (and Wang Mingshan, Li Mingshan and Zhu Junshan in Shenyang were also called "four famous mountains") and Xu Xiangjiu. The following are the representative artists of Northeast Drum, who have occupied Shenyang for a long time.

Kingdee (1875— 1895), the first generation female artist, is a female disciple of Liang Fuji, a famous artist in Yingkou. He performed with her husband Wang Laishen, and was famous for his color arts. Unexpectedly, Yao Yuanshan, who was guarded by Dongling, forced him to bully, suffered humiliation and died with hatred. He was only twenty years old.

The young generation's book "Smoke Waves and Sighs" describes a young man in Beijing who eats, drinks, smokes, travels everywhere, listens to books and plays all day. This song was written when he went to Shenyang and met Kingdee, the first female drum artist in Shenyang. The lyrics read:

This day I came to Fengtian,

I live in Da Nanguan, Desheng.

Call a storytelling drum,

Ting Xiu beat Zhao Ang (male).

Sister Wang thinks about that Zhang Tingxiu,

Just like it's real.

This man's name is Golden Butterfly.

Everyone in the city knows everything.

As can be seen from the above lyrics, the rich young master from Beijing called "Female Drum" to sing in the hotel residence, and told the story of Wang Erjie's private visit to Sifu and Zhang Tingxiu in "Cup Back".

Che Debao (1862— 1935) was born in Shenyang. According to Notes of Ten Counties in Shenyang, he is an "artist with a small mouth and a big drum". It is said that his performance style is "the rule of the traditional school: step by step, stand and sing and watch others". Singing features are: tough and confident; The drum is right, the board is right, and every sentence is true and intriguing. He can sing both short and long passages; I can play the string and say storytelling. 19 12 He took the lead in singing new songs such as going to school and harming early marriage. The ballad "A Hundred Birds Float at the Phoenix" said in his later years. There were many disciples, among whom Ren Yuming (Ren Zhankui) of Jilin City was one of the founders of Dongcheng Tune.

After the Republic of China, the famous artists of Shenyang Northeast Drum mainly include the following:

Huo Shutang (1902- 1973), formerly known as Huo Runnan, was born in Beizhen County, Liaoning Province. He was poor when he was a child. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, I worshipped Feng Jinghe in my hometown and sang the Northeast Drum for my teacher. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, he performed on the stage. His voice is generous, sweet, eclectic and knowledgeable. When I was a teenager, I learned "Xicheng local tune" in my hometown, and later I absorbed "Cheng Nan tune" to sing. After the performance in Shenyang, he absorbed the singing style of "Feng Diao" and has been singing until now. In the performance, Huo Shutang was the first to break the rules and regulations of actors with their eyes open and their hands motionless, and achieved "steady and static movement", vividly expressing the content of the program. The Three Kingdoms Period he sang was magnificent and powerful, and people nicknamed him "Locomotive". 1928 was elected as the vice president of "Fengtian Improvement Book and Music Research Association" by artists. In the early 1940s, he was invited to sing "Zhao Zilong Catch the Boat" in the film "The Yuyuan Garden Couple", becoming the first northeast drummer to appear on the screen. Singing in the Three Kingdoms period, such as beheading Hua Xiong, Hulao Pass and Fengyige. , and sang his children's books, such as Missing the Real Princess, Legacy of Brothel, Jinshui Temple, Wang Er Lou and so on. There are long stories, such as Ma Ganlong Going to China, Colored Balls and Pink House. In 1930s, she sang in radio and tea houses many times. It is said that the recorded tracks include Harmony between the North and the South, A Song of Eternal Sorrow for a Hundred Years, Quande Bao, Tongue Twister, Butterfly Dream, Great Smoke Sigh, Shiro Visiting Mother, White Gate Tower and so on. 1949 In March, he was elected as the vice president of Shenyang Art and Music Association and took the lead in singing new songs.

In the early days of the founding of New China, Huo Shutang gave a condolence performance to the army, with He Baosheng (middle) as the pianist.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he actively sang modern songs. 1958 performed Yang Jingyu's "Big Pocket Array" and participated in the first national Quyi performance, which was received by Premier Zhou Enlai. In the same year, he was elected as the executive director of China Quyi Workers Association. 1960 was elected as the vice chairman of Liaoning Branch of China Quyi Workers Association and a member of Liaoning Provincial Political Consultative Conference. 196 1 year joined China. In the same year, Jiang Yujie and Liu Lanfang were recruited. Persecuted during the "Cultural Revolution", he fell ill for many years and still remembered the Northeast Drum. 1972 I asked an artist friend to write a song "Yang Zirong Beats Tigers Up the Mountain" and said, "When I get well, I will sing." He has a recording of The Three Kingdoms Period and a book Selected Stories of The Three Kingdoms.

The descendants of the Huo family still insist on singing the Northeast Drum. For example, his daughter Huo Guilan studied fine arts with her father since childhood, 1952 stepped onto the stage, and 1959 joined Shenyang Quyi Troupe. 1962 switched to a factory and still often participated in amateur performances. His eldest grandson Huo Dashun got a biography from his father when he was a teenager, and his second grandson Huo Zhihang studied with He Fuquan and played the string well. After 80, two brothers performed together. In recent years, they often perform for the masses in temple fairs and parks, and they also appear on the screen many times, attracting the attention of experts.

"King of Fengtian Drum" Liu sang, accompanied by his sister.

Liu (1900-1944), female, from Zhanhua, Shandong Province, went to visit relatives in Fengtian with her father in the late Qing Dynasty. At the age of 18, Shiliu Liu became a teacher, learned to sing the Northeast Drum, and was good at singing "Red Chamber" passages such as Daiyu's sad autumn, Baoyu's visiting the sick and Daiyu's full moon, and became the leader of the "Female Drum". Before Liu Chengming, he broke into the house in Tieling. An old artist, Tao Wenbao, was an eye-catcher who taught her art and sponsored her to enter Shenyang, which became an instant hit. She broke through the old custom of "don't" of the northeast drum, and the "female drum" followed. After that, she sang "Big Axis" in tea houses such as Xie, Hong Taixuan and Wanquan in Ningxiang, Fengtian. In order to get the guidance of famous artists, she opened a "free teahouse" and invited Ma Erqin, a famous person in Fengtian, to listen to her sing all the year round, not only free of charge, but also with an open mind. He often publishes articles in newspapers to comment on Liu's calligraphy. Liu also often goes to Miao Jia, an academician and children's calligraphy writer in the late Qing Dynasty, to help. In order to prove her artistic level, she sang for free for three days and then won the Yin Bao. 1924, Mr. Shen, a calligrapher working in Harbin at that time, heard about Liu's name for a long time, and specially took the train to Ning Xiangxie Tea House in Xiaohe, Fengtian to watch a poem "Mi Shi Tuo Gu" sung by Liu. Sure enough, it is clear and clear, and it really deserves its reputation. Shen wrote a poem on the spot: "The wind blows all around the pavilion, and the lotus blossoms." The tragic history of heroic sons and daughters made Han E laugh. "Compare her to the famous singer Han E in the Spring and Autumn Period. 193 1 year, Liu went to Tianjin to perform, which made him famous in Tianjin and was known as the "king of the drum world" of Fengtian Drum. Liu has a clear voice, a steady and generous performance, and is good at expressing his feelings with the help of facial expressions. Shanghai EMI Company produced six records for her (stringed player Zhao Jingyi and pianist Tang), such as The Book of Matchmakers, The West Chamber, Stargazing, Happy New Year and Baoyu Visiting the Sick. The seventh edition of Shengjing Times (193 1 10) contains the article "Sister Flowers in the Ancient Bookstore" and comments: "Liu's" Daiyu Looking at the Moon "is depressed and sad. He talked to Zijuan and Xueyan for a while, but he couldn't bear to listen, and asked Xia if he would feel unable to sing. "In 2002, he was invited to record in Sinuiju, North Korea. 1944 was persecuted by the enemy and puppet troops and died with a grudge. Liu's aria has been included in the teaching materials of China Conservatory of Music.

The record set by Liu in that year.

Zhu Xizhen (19 13— 1978), a native of Shenyang, sang the northeast drum with the drummer Yu Xiushan as his teacher since childhood.

When I was nine years old, I went on stage to sing red, so I was called "Nine-year-old Red". At that time, she wore two pigtails, walked shivering, was naive and lively, and the audience affectionately called her "Zhu pigtails". Her voice is euphemistic, her words are clear, her voice is loud and persistent, high but not violent, low but not decadent, thin but not astringent, and her cadence is just right, which makes Xian Yi stumble. The performance was wonderful and lifelike. He is good at singing children's songs, such as Looking at the Moon by Daiyu, Listening to the Qin with Double Jade, Daiyu Sorrow for Autumn, Remembering the Princess, and Mi's Holding the Bone. 193 1 went to Tianjin to perform, and was guided by Liu Baoquan, the "king of drums" of Jingyun drum, and Jin Wanchang, a famous plum drum. She absorbed the vocals of Jingyun Drum and Henan Pendant, enriched the music of Northeast Drum, and made great progress in calligraphy, reaching the trinity of singing, acting and drumming, and was known as "three musts". Posters of various performances all read "Zhu Xizhen, the drum emperor of Liaoning". Since then, the reputation of "Drum Emperor" has spread all over the Commissioner. 1936, Shengli record company recorded songs such as "Mi Jian You Gong", "Baoyu Crys for Daiyu" and "Daiyu Buries Flowers at a High Price" for her. In the early 1940s, Luo Yusheng (stage name Cai Xiaowu), a famous drummer of Jingyun in Tianjin, studied "Ringing the Bell at Jiange" (that is, "Remembering the Princess") under Zhu Xizhen. In the early 1960s, Liaoning Branch of China Quyi Workers Association learned of their family difficulties and gave them relief. Poor and sick in his later years, he died in the suburbs of Shenyang. Before she died, she said to her relatives, "I will put drums, boards and keys in the coffin after I die." This shows that Zhu Xizhen has never forgotten the northeast drum in his life.

Zhu Xizhen made records in those years.

Peng (19 19-) is from Heilongjiang. Ranked second among the sisters, followed by elder sister, third sister Hui, fourth sister Na Yuehua, and fifth sister E. When she was young, she worshipped Xiaoyun as a teacher and learned to sing the northeast drum. At the age of twelve, he performed on the stage and was well received. 193 1 year to perform in Shenyang. He is good at singing children's sketches such as Fan Jinding scolds the city, Qin Ting of Pisces and Baidicheng. 194 1 In the spring of, my sister Na Yue's neighbor and famous actor Huo Shutang and I were invited to Changchun. They not only sang on the radio, but also performed in various teahouses in Changchun.

They all performed The Three Kingdoms Period, Huo Shutang sang Gu Chenghui, Na Yue sang Lu Hua Dang and Na Yue sang Kanluoji. Sanxian accompanied Jingtang, and Hu Si accompanied Bai Liansheng. The venue was full and packed, causing a sensation in Changchun. At that time, the newspaper published performance news and commentary articles.

Huo Dashun (second from the left in the back row) and his family visit Peng (second from the left in the front row).

Peng is not only a superb calligrapher, but also an excellent drummer (drummer plays drums in the band interlude). Her drum set is beautiful in timbre, full of charm and vivid in image, and can skillfully express various tunes of the Northeast Drum. When performing in a bookstore, she can call it a "full house" after playing the drums.

1945, Peng and the fifth sister of "Drum King" Liu were invited to perform drum sets in Changchun again. The two drums rise and fall at the same time, and the drums jingle, which is really like "pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade". He Baosheng, a famous pianist, accompanied them by Yu Jingtang and Yu Hou (nicknamed "Yu Laowu"). Peng He performed together for 15 minutes and was warmly welcomed. /kloc-0 joined the northeast drum group of Shenyang Artists Association in March, 949. At the age of 87 in 2006, he dictated dozens of songs.

Qian Gong, published in 1946, said in Liao Ji: "After entering the Republic of China, Zhang was appointed as the battalion commander of the patrol camp on Fengtian North Road, and the military curtain often carried drummers. Zhang however, camped out for dinner, and every time he called his men, he would beat drums and tell stories. At that time, Zhang Ying, Ying Shao, Guan Dai, Jian, and Lan Qi were all cadres who were later adapted from the 27th Division, that is, later government officials in northeast provinces such as Sun Liechen, Shang Yulin, Zhang Jinghui, and Zhang were all familiar with Liu De's storytelling and pleasing, and Liu Dezhi's playing skills were also very profound. Just like the general went to the altar and ordered the three armies to sing, like singing instead of singing. No wonder four seats held their breath and the grass swallowed. Liu often said that the bibliography, such as Ning Wuguan, played a heroic role; Quande Daily plays a lonely hero, and The Battle of Changsha plays the young Huang Zhong. Grass Boat Borrows Arrows plays Zhuge Duo; Daiyu Sad for Autumn "Poor orphan; The legacy of the brothel "mourns the famous prostitutes, who are the best (good) elders." This shows that Liu De's calligraphy skills are very high.

In Feng Jun, there is also Xing Liting from Liaoyang (the date of birth and death is unknown). He was inspected by the 53rd Brigade of Feng Jun, and was thrown into the sea by the fans. 192 1 or so, performed at hongtaixuan teahouse in fengtian west gate. He is good at singing The Three Kingdoms Period, such as Mi Shi Tuogu. Qian Gonglai called him in the story of the Three Seas: "The drums are crisp, just like the rain and the wind, and the sound is loud, and the clear sky is like thunder, shaking the roof tiles." Xing Liting is also good at voice makeup. Whoever sings with what voice, the audience can distinguish birth, courage, purity and ugliness from his singing. For example, singing "Song Jiang Sit in the Building", singing Yan Poxi in a low voice and singing Song Jiang in a high voice, and hearing his voice is like seeing a person. Xing Liting is a brave person. He often helps artists solve problems and is praised by his peers.

Zuo Dianyu (date of birth and death unknown) is from Kaiyuan County and lives in Zuo Jia Hutong in the city. He once performed in Hongtaixuan Teahouse, Stone Town, Xiaoximenli, Shenyang. Zuo Jia is a rich man in Kaiyuan County. Zuo Dianyu loved the Northeast Drum since childhood. After the year of Gengzi (1900), the family wealth declined, and he went out to sea to sing the northeast drum by playing tickets. Qian Gonglai recorded in Notes on Three Seas: "Invite a chord master, invite friends to take lessons and learn to sing in Hengjia. I have to drive my own car, bring my own string player, and go out of town as a ticket friend to attend the meeting. On that day, urban and rural people, weddings and funerals, can all mobilize Grandpa Zuo Dianyu to play drums and play the supreme scenery ticket. " He often quotes satirical poems of contemporary people or writes his own poems in "prologue" (called "myth" by artists) to criticize the shortcomings of the times, which is very popular among the masses. For example, when he sang the Battle of Dadonggou in the Sino-Japanese War, his poem was:

Why did the Central Plains attack the East? (East refers to Japan)

Old and incompetent, Zuo Taigang. (refers to the imperial envoys and Fengtian wingman left)

Two deer pretending to be smart.

Bluff. A piece of sugar. (referring to Tang dwarf, an imperial envoy)

Good at withdrawing troops from Shandong in Song Dynasty (referring to Song Qing, a veteran of Huai Army)

Never get ahead. (referring to Heilongjiang general Changshun)

Courage generally refers to relying on the commander in chief (referring to Iktangga, general of Shengjing)

It is difficult to make peace with Li Hongzhang. (Li is the main hall of the Qing government)

This poem praised patriotic generals and mocked incompetent officials, representing the people's hearts at that time.

Among the numerous chorders of the northeast drum, He Baosheng is as famous as He Fuquan, and is called "Shenyang Hull".

He Baosheng (1898— 196 1) is a native of Xinmin county, Liaoning province. At the age of twelve, I formally took Mou Xing, a blind man, as my teacher and learned to play Sanxian. After his graduation, he began to accompany Fu Cuiyun, a famous drummer in Northeast China, in Shenyang.

Later, he accompanied him and sang for Zhang in Dashuai Mansion for many times. During the nine years of cooperation with Wang Guiying, I have traveled to large and medium-sized cities in three northeastern provinces. Liu, the king of the drum world, made records such as Little Eve, Visiting the Sick with Baoyu and Stargazing, with He Baosheng as the accompaniment, and He Baosheng also helped Liu improve the singing skills of the Northeast Drum. Later, he accompanied Liu's two sisters and Liu Miaoxia for more than ten years. He Baosheng is familiar with various schools of the Northeast Drum, and he can easily adapt to any subtle changes of the actors on the stage. After 1950s, he worked with famous drummers such as Huo Shutang, Peng and Zheng Qizhen.

He Fuquan (1906— 1982), a native of Shenyang. At the age of fifteen, I learned from the northeast drummer Chen Liansheng. He Fuquan is not satisfied with "just singing and not playing". He studies hard and learns Sanxian at the same time. At the end of the three-year apprenticeship, He Fuquan is not only an actor who can sing solo, but also a good crosstalk with "skillful playing, good ear tone and accurate hand tone". At the age of eighteen, he began to make a living by busking and traveled all over the northeast. At the age of twenty-five, he was hired by Liu, a famous drummer in Northeast China, as a "sitting string teacher" in the teahouse. He and Liu sang on the radio many times and were very popular with the audience. After Liu's death, she accompanied actors such as Huo Shutang and Yan Lihua. After liberation, he joined Shenyang Quyi Troupe. At the age of 75, he is still responsive, accompanying many Northeast drum artists. His disciples are Liang, Huo Zhihang (learning Sanxian), Huo (female) and Huo Zhijian (learning). There is a manuscript adapted from the northeast drum "The Legend of Heroes of New Children". After the founding of New China, the famous actors in Liaoning Province mainly include Zheng Qizhen and Jiang Yujie in Shenyang, Sun Huiwen and Liu Lanfang in Anshan (later changed to storytelling), Yan Lihua in Fushun, Guo Guirong in Haicheng, Chen Qingyuan in Jinzhou and his daughters Chen Lijun and Chen Lijie (later changed to storytelling).

Selected Lyrics of Northeast Drum Published by New China

Northeast drum repertoire and bibliography. There are about 200 traditional short songs (there are more than 150 today), which are divided into three categories: "Zidishu", "Three Kingdoms" and "Caoduan" (popular drum words). Among the "Di Zi passages", the most popular are love stories, such as Princess Remembering the Truth, Fragrance of the Fragrant House and Daiyu Sorrow for Autumn. The History of the Three Kingdoms is mostly based on the fragments of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and some of them come from the dramas and legends of the Three Kingdoms, among which Guan Gong is the most.

Songs such as Little New Year's greetings, Sister Wang Sifu, Sleeping in the Flower Pavilion, and Visiting the West Lake are widely circulated. Many songs come from the disciples' drum songs carved in Ji Cheng's study and Huiwenshan's room in Shenyang in the late Qing Dynasty, and a few were written by literati and artists after the Republic of China.

In the early years of the Republic of China, in order to carry forward the national culture and advocate changing customs, the education department of Fengtian organized and compiled 120 ancient and modern songbooks for artists to sing. There are both new historical stories and many new tracks based on real life, which are called "improved drums".

Record of Fengtian Drum Purple Robe

Most of the historical tracks are patriotic songs, such as the Battle of the Bull, Mulan's Ganzhou City (the story of a female general in Yangmen), and Liang Hongyu's Cliff Mountain Tears (the story of the subjugation of the country in the Southern Song Dynasty and the monarch and his ministers throwing themselves into the sea). Modern music has a wide range of themes. There are "Republic of China" and "Soul of the Republic" which promote the Revolution of 1911; Advocate political, legal and cultural education in the Republic of China, new citizens, join military music, young volunteers, donate money in the Republic of China, and go to school; Talk about land, talk about heaven, talk about land, get rid of superstition, study style, talk about sericulture, talk about fields, talk about fishermen's music, and talk about herding cattle. There are such works as Cut Braids, Happy Feet, Tears of Little Feet, Harm of Early Marriage, Smoker's Sigh, Gambler's Sigh, etc., which advocate changing customs and opposing worldly viciousness. Many of these songbooks have been adopted by Fengtian drum artists and become reserved songs handed down from generation to generation. The dictation of existing artists is evidence.

During the Puppet Manchuria, Fengtian Dudong Lithography Company reprinted and published hundreds of ballads, mainly traditional drum songs and songs written by disciples. Zhang Qinglin and Li Qingquan, the drummers in Fengtian, sang modern songs such as "Return My Rivers and Mountains" and "Lugouqiao Incident" in remote mountain villages, which aroused the resonance of the masses.

1945 after the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the recovery of the Northeast, the Central Committee sent some cultural cadres to the Northeast. In the same year, Northeast Bookstore 1 1.946 was established in Shenyang, 1.948 moved to Harbin, and1.08 moved back to Shenyang after liberation. Northeast Bookstore during the Northeast Liberation War