Teachers recruit "comprehensive education knowledge" regular examination.

20 17 Teacher Recruitment "Comprehensive Education Knowledge" is a common test center.

What knowledge do teachers have to memorize in the examination compilation? Do you know the legendary Five Nash? Don't worry, I'll take you to study! I hope it will help your preparation teacher!

Does the comprehensive knowledge of education often take the test center? Five Na (1) Gardner.

? Multiple intelligences theory? The father criticized the narrow definition of intelligence in the past, thinking that it failed to correctly reflect a person's true ability. Human intelligence can be divided into eight categories: linguistic intelligence, logical mathematics intelligence, spatial intelligence, physical operation intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, introspection intelligence and natural exploration intelligence. This has influenced the views of teachers, students, innovation and development in China's education and teaching, and has become an important theoretical basis for China's new curriculum reform.

(2) Bruner

He was the leader of American education reform in 1960s. We need to grasp two points about this:

① Cognitive-structural learning theory: The essence of learning is that a person connects similar things and organizes them into a structure that gives them meaning. Learning knowledge is to form a certain knowledge structure in students' minds. The purpose of teaching is to understand the basic structure of the subject.

(2) Discovery learning: emphasizing students' intrinsic motivation, learning process and intuitive thinking in the process of trying, testing and exploring.

(3) Skinner

Skinner, an American behaviorist, made the most important contribution by proposing the basic law of operant conditioning:

① There are two kinds of human and animal behaviors: reaction behavior and operation behavior;

② Operation behavior is mainly restricted by reinforcement law: reinforcement, avoidance conditioning and avoidance conditioning, regression and punishment; According to this psychological theory, procedural teaching is advocated in education.

④ Weiner

American psychologist Weiner comes from? Three dimensions? Attribution is divided into: internal attribution and external attribution, stable attribution and unstable attribution, controllable attribution and uncontrollable attribution; The reason for the success or failure of human activities, that is, behavioral responsibility, mainly comes down to four factors, namely, the level of ability, the degree of effort, the difficulty of tasks, and the quality of luck (opportunity).

(5) Bina

1905 edited by Simon? Narsimont intelligence test scale? This is the first practical intelligence test platform in the world. The scale consists of 30 items arranged from easy to difficult, which can be used to measure various abilities, especially judgment, understanding and reasoning, which Biner believes is the basic component of intelligence.

Does the comprehensive knowledge of education often take the test center? 10 There are many pedagogy and psychology in the school. Na？ It is often difficult for commentators to confuse names or people who do not agree with theoretical views. Below we summarize ten important educators or psychologists of differentiated learning.

(1) Comenius

Czech educator is a Czech educator in the17th century and a landmark figure in the history of human education. His book "Great Teaching Theory" is the earliest pedagogy work in modern times, which marks the beginning of modern independent pedagogy and has won? Father of pedagogy? Known as. At the same time, he put forward the democratic proposition of universal education. All young men and women, rich or poor, should go to school? . Invented the class teaching system.

(2) Abinhaus

Ebbinghaus, the founder of experimental learning psychology, invented meaningless syllables for memory materials. Ebbinghaus's research in the field of memory psychology is mainly Ebbinghaus forgetting curve. The main point is that people's forgetting in learning is regular, and the development of forgetting is unbalanced. Materials are forgotten fastest in the first few hours after study, and less and less as time goes by. Generally speaking, forgetting is fast first and then slow, showing a negative acceleration trend of forgetting curve.

(3) babanski

Babanski, a famous educator in the former Soviet Union, created the experience of overcoming the phenomenon of large-scale repetition and founded the theory of optimization of teaching process, that is, under certain teaching conditions, to seek a reasonable teaching scheme, so that teachers and students can spend the least time and energy to obtain the best teaching effect and students can get the best development.

(4) wexler

Wexler is the person who has made the greatest contribution to the research of intelligence test after Biner, and his Multiple Intelligence Scale is the most authoritative intelligence test in the world today. For the first time, the standard score with standard deviation of 15 is used to express the intelligence level, which is called biased IQ. The first adult intelligence test scale.

⑤ Vygotsky

Vygotsky of the former Soviet Union put forward the concept of the zone of proximal development. That is to say, the difference between children's ability to solve problems with the help of adults and their ability to solve problems independently under the guidance is actually a transitional state between two adjacent development stages.

(6) hutchins

American educator, a representative figure of the Eternal Education School. Emphasize the rational development of human beings and advocate an education suitable for any era, that is? General education? Thought; In order to cultivate and develop students' rational ability, they must be trained systematically, integrally and fundamentally. General education? Thought; Special emphasis is placed on the position of western classics in university education.

(7) Rogers

American humanistic psychologists pay attention to people's self-realization potential and their positive autonomy. Non-instructional teaching is put forward for teaching, that is, learning promoters do not spend most of their time organizing teaching plans and explaining, but provide students with all kinds of resources needed for learning and concentrate on simplifying the practical steps that students must go through when using resources. At the same time, people think that meaningful learning is of real value to learners.

(8) Maslow

Maslow, an American humanistic psychologist, puts forward the hierarchy of needs theory, which divides human needs into physiological needs? The need for security? Need sense of belonging and love? The need for respect? Five levels of self-realization. It is advocated that education should not only pursue the realization of students' personal potential or personality, but also strive to realize their complete and full humanity. Teachers should not only care about students' learning, but also care about students' lives, and eliminate all interference factors that affect learning.

(9) Skinner

Skinner, an American behaviorist, made the most important contribution by proposing the basic law of operant conditioning:

① There are two kinds of human and animal behaviors: reaction behavior and operation behavior;

② Operation behavior is mainly restricted by reinforcement law: reinforcement, avoidance conditioning and avoidance conditioning, regression and punishment; According to this psychological theory, procedural teaching is advocated in education.

(10) Spencer

/kloc-Spencer's educational core thought in the 0 ~ (th) century mainly includes the following aspects: advocating scientific education and opposing classical education; Advocate independent education and oppose indoctrination education; Advocate happy interest education and oppose educational methods that ignore the laws of students' physical and mental development. Its famous saying: what knowledge is the most valuable scientific knowledge.

Summary: put these ten main things in educational integration? Is it? Five years old. Na？ After combing, I believe that when you see the relevant figures or theories again, you can better distinguish and match them.

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