How to manage risks in enterprise management?

Modern Economic Information Quan Wang China Railway Resources Group Trading Co., Ltd. Abstract: Combining with the current economic environment, this paper discusses the significance, contents and methods of risk management in business activities, and provides reference for commercial enterprises to strengthen risk management. Keywords: enterprise management; Risk management, types and methods. : F270 document identification code: a commodity number:1001-828x (2011) 03-0070-03 With the increasing complexity of business activities of commercial enterprises, the risk days in business activities of enterprises are strategically adjusted. 4. It only points out the development direction, but the shortage of the company's existing resources is obvious. Enterprise's risk management has gradually become an important part of enterprise management and has been mentioned in objective analysis, lacking in rational utilization, allocation and management of resources. Such as capital and people. Especially in today's globalized world economy, enterprises in China allocate and manage human and material resources more effectively. Especially at present, although the economic situation is improving, "going out" has participated in the world economic stage. In this situation, enterprises will face more and more complicated uncertain risk management only if they accept it, but the foundation of economic recovery is still unstable and unbalanced. Identifying and foreseeing risks, preventing and avoiding risks are the factors for enterprises to face risks. The developed countries continue to implement loose monetary policy, which leads to the rational choice of capital flow, including China, and is also the essence of enterprise risk management. Internal emerging markets; Inflationary pressures and severe asset bubbles in emerging markets have led to the tightening of macroeconomic policies in these countries. Objectively speaking, the significance of national risk management in export policy, retreat and enterprise management activities. Scientific development first requires improving the allocation efficiency of enterprise resources. There are many contradictions between tax policy and foreign exchange supervision in economic development, which is the strategic quality of enterprises. This requires us to study the internal control mechanism of enterprises, which adds many uncertain factors to improve strategic decision-making and strategy formulation. Risk management level. In today's rapidly changing environment, increasing competitive variables, employees' quality and autonomy (2) "going out" and increasing investment risks, in order to build an enterprise into a competitive company, it is necessary to continuously monitor, analyze and feedback the changes in internal and external circles and the dangers of terrorism while enhancing high political risks, mainly including the turmoil in the political environment of investment countries such as war and civil strife, and the strategic control ability of the power class. In addition, political risk also includes the strategic significance of whether the policy of the investor country changes, so as to give early warning; At the same time, it can also cultivate the rapid response ability of enterprises and be sustainable. From the perspective of international investment, changes in industrial policies and protection of foreign investment can make timely and effective responses when necessary. Through a continuous cycle, the adjustment of incentive conditions and preferential measures may have a complicated process for enterprises' overseas investment decisions and benefits. Every cycle, the internal control system of enterprises will be improved and greatly affected. Therefore, political risk often becomes the first priority in the decision-making process of overseas investment. Therefore, from the perspective of improving enterprise internal control, we should properly handle and systematically consider the problem. It should be noted that although the stage of internationalization is vast, it is bound to be more turbulent than analyzing the overall risks faced by enterprises. It is urgent and risky for enterprises to establish a comprehensive risk management control system, and it is impossible to "go out" all the way. If we do not attach importance to and strengthen the department, it is an unavoidable major issue for enterprises. Risk management in international operations may "go out" and never come back, being swallowed up by risks. Externally, investment risk can usually be divided into systematic risk and non-systematic risk, which is the main type of risk in enterprise management activities. The so-called risk, in short, refers to the uncertainty of loss. This kind of risk is a two-way special risk. Systematic risk refers to the risk caused by factors that affect all enterprises, such as war, which may or may not cause losses or even gain benefits. However, disputes, economic recession, inflation and high interest rates have undergone unexpected and unexpected changes. This paper mainly discusses the possibility of losses brought by venture enterprises. In the business activities of enterprises, many assets will have an impact. It is difficult to disperse and avoid. As an enterprise, affected by various uncertain factors, such as the investment activities carried out by the enterprise according to its own development needs, these risks are inevitable. Non-systematic risks mainly occur in the marketing activities of individual enterprises in the market and the financial activities of enterprises in foreign-related economies, and these risks will be caused by unexpected events. It only affects a single enterprise, and often comes from the uncertainty brought by the change of the enterprise's own market environment, which can increase the uncontrollable factors in the enterprise's business activities. Investment risk is the most important risk in the business activities of enterprises, which is mainly due to the investment in energy, which brings huge and even irreparable losses to enterprises. Therefore, it is an important premise of risk management to correctly identify the large amount of funds, long activity cycle, social, economic and even foreseeable risks involved in capital activities. There are many factors such as culture. At the same time, investment risk is still a kind of risk that cannot be passed on, and there are many types of risks in the business activities of enterprises. The most common type is: the initiative risk that the enterprise undertakes independently. (1) strategic risk (3) operational risk strategic risk is from a long-term perspective and strategic height. The operational risks of risk management and system construction include the following aspects: making a good plan, determining the implementation plan, using economic capital allocation, and strengthening the competitive advantage 1. Human resources risk potential, to ensure the realization of strategic planning objectives. Therefore, according to the analysis, formulation, evaluation and risk management of human resources, the main goal is to control and deal with risks and reduce and avoid the loss of selection, implementation and control. Through risk identification, risk assessment and risk monitoring, the smooth progress of enterprise human resource management activities can be maintained, and then the core competitiveness and control of enterprises can be enhanced, so that enterprises can properly handle the loss consequences caused by risks and get the greatest promotion in safety competition. In our work, in the process of personnel recruitment, job analysis, career planning and dynamic performance management. However, in business activities, many companies don't pay much attention to the research on risks such as strategic effectiveness evaluation, job evaluation, salary management, welfare incentive, employee training and employee management, and don't explicitly carry out strategic risk management. Some companies may have risk management in the strategic planning process. Only the development goals and risk prevention measures of the company in the next few years are mentioned in the planning. As for the identification, evaluation and response of corporate governance risks, let alone the allocation of strategic resources and capital. The internal and external mechanisms of corporate governance are used to motivate and supervise managers, and they can't even replace them. The company's strategic risk management has great shortcomings, mainly in the following aspects: qualified managers. At present, the trading company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the group company, and the company director is 1. The company's strategic planning is mainly a market competition strategy, and the lack of strategic decision-making and the role of supervisors need to be further strengthened. Risk or uncertainty analysis. 2. Risk management is only based on the risk of business lines. 3. Management risk control is an internal control measure to ensure market competition, and the lack of effective risk management is the most important link in risk. For example, material procurement is a kind of management of enterprise operation. 3. Limited to the planning level, it is difficult to directly implement the four core links of purchasing plan, purchasing approval, supplier selection and price consultation without specific implementation measures. Moreover, there is also a lack of continuous identification and evaluation of strategic risks such as inquiry, procurement bidding, contract signing and execution, goods acceptance, accounting and payment. The date of receipt is 20 1 1-03-0670. Due to the influence of various factors, there are various risks in all aspects of procurement. Therefore, with the increase of the number and complexity of various businesses in the company, strengthening the control and management of risks can provide a strong guarantee for improving the product quality of enterprises and ensuring the normal operation and economic benefits of digital certification enterprises contracted with foreign countries. The volume of transactions is also rising, which is followed by the intensification of contract risks. 4. Logistics and transportation risks. Intellectual property risk has the following risks in logistics and transportation: first, the credit of the main body of the transportation contract is insufficient. For companies, trademark disputes are more likely to lead to intellectual property risks. The contract is invalid or cannot be performed, or even cheated; Second, the rights stipulated in the terms of the transport contract allow the company to gradually participate in the competition in overseas trade and logistics. With the improvement of competitiveness and unreasonable obligation to obtain more benefits, the carrier bears unreasonable risks. Third, the performance of the transport contract is deeply involved in the international market, which will inevitably form the competition of trademark rights. How to obtain the protection of the right of breach of contract caused by the failure to inspect and hand over the trademark in time, receive and accept the special instructions from the shipper, and safeguard the trademark right that the enterprise has also obtained has become the most important knowledge insurance faced by the company. The fourth is the risk of compensation for road traffic accidents and ship collision damage. In addition to general accidents, risks in the field of property rights compensation. In addition to compensation, there are several special cases, such as foreign-related transportation, railway, highway and ship combined transportation. 3. Legal dispute risk matters. There may also be cases where the vehicle is resold but not transferred, and may be sentenced to joint liability; The legal disputes of automobile companies can be viewed from internal and external perspectives respectively. The company contracted by the subject of external disputes shall also bear joint and several liability. In addition, there are risks of damages caused by improper storage of goods, the conclusion and performance of various foreign contracts and the investigation of liability for breach of contract, as well as disputes over delays and errors in delivery of goods. Internal disputes are mainly labor disputes between workers and employers. Company default risk compensation, etc. Since its birth, various legal disputes have been hidden in the management of the company. In the rising stage of corporate financial risk, this controversy may be in a very inactive state, or it may be covered up by the gratifying situation of the company's overseas performance indicators indicated by the financial crisis in Latin America and Asia since the 1990s. However, once contradictions accumulate, the financial risks faced by disputes without proper investment are also increasing. Interest rate, exchange rate, stock price, etc. Not only will it be valued by entities, but it will also erupt in a concentrated way, causing economic losses to enterprises, easily affected by economic development, and dragged into a long dispute settlement process by external factors such as psychological expectations and market confidence. Influence, so it often brings greater risks to enterprise management. 4. Legal compliance risks In addition, financial risks also include overseas financing risks of enterprises. At present, most of the legal compliance risks in China come from within the company, which is an evaluation of whether overseas investment enterprises have limited assets and funds, insufficient international reputation and poor reputation. For a mature enterprise, every major decision, such as sufficient foreign investment, also has the risk of financing difficulties. The credit and settlement risks faced by exports are increasing: the reorganization of capital and equity requires legal argumentation when demonstrating the feasibility. Therefore, under the background of world economic integration, the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States led to global financial turmoil, which ensured the legal compliance of major decisions and controlled their legal risks in a small range. Global enterprises are generally affected, and global financial markets suffer heavy losses. The establishment of internal rules and regulations of the real economy due to the crisis should follow the procedures stipulated by relevant laws and regulations, and the content will not be affected. The credit risk of international trade has obviously increased, and the letter faced by exports is contrary to the mandatory provisions of the state. This is the need for enterprises to establish internal control system, and the management and settlement risks increase. Mainly manifested in: first, the credit risk of foreign banks has increased; The risk of ear strength is reduced. The credit risk of overseas buyers has increased. Third, the risk of overseas sovereign default increases; Fourth, export enterprises. Third, risk management methods in business activities will lead to more intense competition among industries. Therefore, on the whole, affected by the financial crisis, the export risk management process includes risk planning, risk identification, risk assessment, risk treatment and the risk of foreign exchange collection of enterprises is further increased. Several stages of risk monitoring: (4) Financial risk 1. Risk planning 1. Cash flow risk planning is also the first step of risk prevention. Deciding how to carry out risk cash flow risk refers to the process of unmanageable activities in cash circulation during the production and operation of enterprises. The risk prevention of commercial enterprises not only strengthens the risk education for employees, but also increases the risks brought by some factors. The causes of enterprise cash flow risk mainly include strong risk awareness and institutional constraints. Risk planning should determine the following aspects: organic cooperation and coordination strategies and methods, and the process of recording risks. The first is the risk brought by insufficient working capital. Including: (1) slow cash flow. In risk planning, the main factors that need to be considered are: risk management strategy, predefined roles, (2) expansion of sales scale, and (3) occupation of working capital. The second is the criticism caused by the recovery of sales funds, various risk tolerance, work breakdown structure and risk management index system. Risk supervision. Including: (1) the risk caused by sudden bad debts; (2) the risk caused by a large number of credit sales. Thirdly, the operational mechanism of the planning process is to provide methods, skills, tools or other risks caused by insufficient liquidity for the risk management process. Including: (1) increasing current liabilities for foreign investment or purchase, quantitative objectives, coping strategies, selection criteria and risk database. Risk management plans to release long-term assets (2) increase current liabilities to make up for the shortage of working capital. It plays a very important control role in risk planning. Therefore, the risk management plan should be detailed. 2 accounts receivable and prepayments should explain all aspects of risk identification, risk assessment, risk treatment and risk monitoring. Risk receivables refer to the creditor's rights formed by enterprises selling commodities, products or providing services. The management plan should also explain what is the risk benchmark for the overall evaluation of the project and what should be used. In the process of contract execution, there is a risk of fund security in advance payment. For example, our company's current methods and how to evaluate the whole project with reference to these risk assessment benchmarks. The main sales customers are Congo (DRC), Venezuela, Mali, Sri Lanka, Mongolia and other countries. 2. Risk appraisers, and the purchasing customers are many domestic suppliers. In the process of trade, the risk-free identification of receivables and prepayments is also the risk locking stage, mainly because they may be paid in time during the identification process. The recovery of accounts receivable is limited by whether the customer's investment funds are in place. The company encounters all risk sources and risk factors (faced and potential), and a large number of prepayments appear in the procurement process based on its characteristics, which has certain financial security risks. Judge, classify and identify the nature of risks. The purpose of risk identification is to reduce the uncertainty of structure. 3. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange risk). That is, find out the main factors that cause risks and qualitatively estimate the consequences. The company has exchange rate risks, mainly exchange risks and trading plans caused by untimely collection of foreign exchange. This step needs to clarify two issues: to clarify where the risk comes from (determine the source of risk) and risk. Exchange rate risk is the market trend of RMB exchange rate and an important test for enterprises to classify risk items; Make a preliminary quantification of risk sources. Testing. Under the current exchange rate system, enterprises may be indifferent to the economic situation at home and abroad, (1) trading companies identify external risk factors: they do not consider the exchange losses caused by export proceeds; The contents of the signed export contract have economic loopholes in economic situation, industrial policy, financing environment, market competition and resource supply. Failing to take corresponding financial measures to avoid exchange rate risks; Small and medium-sized enterprises lack elements. Professional foreign exchange managers face the risk of foreign exchange settlement. ② Legal factors such as laws, regulations and regulatory requirements. (V) Legal risk ③ Factors such as security and stability, cultural tradition, social credit, education level and consumption behavior. Don't, estimate and evaluate, put the factors such as the probability of risk occurrence and the severity of loss, ④ technological progress, process improvement and other scientific and technological factors. Taken together, we can get the possibility and harm degree of various risks, and then ⑤ natural environmental factors such as natural disasters and environmental conditions. Compared with the recognized safety index, the risk level can be determined, so as to decide what measures to take and other related external risk factors. Strategic risk. What measures should be taken and the degree of control measures. For the possible risks, adopt (2) the internal risk factors identified by the trading company: adopt the avoidance method, so that it would rather lose the opportunity of greater profits and only take smaller profits; ① The professional ethics of directors, supervisors, managers and other senior managers and the professional quality of employees or putting eggs in multiple baskets can effectively reduce investment risks. By effectively dealing with human resources factors such as ability. Risk can be managed by changing the nature of risk consequences, the probability of risk occurrence or risk consequences ② organizational structure, operation mode, asset management, business processes and other management factors. Three aspects put forward a variety of strategies. ③ Independent innovation elements such as R&D, technology investment and information technology application. 5. Risk monitoring ④ Financial factors such as financial status, operating results and cash flow. Risk monitoring is to monitor safety and environmental protection factors such as job safety, employee health and environmental protection through the whole process of risk identification, estimation, evaluation and treatment. And control, so as to ensure that risk management can achieve the expected goal. Monitoring risk is actually ⑤ other internal risk factors. Monitor the progress and environment of production activities, look for opportunities to improve and refine the risk control plan, and get 3. Get feedback from risk analysis and evaluation, and find out those new and pre-established strategies or measures in time. Risk analysis and evaluation is based on identifying risks, and then timely feedback. According to risks, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are adopted to estimate the probability of risks and the degree of impact on production activities. Risk monitoring should be a continuous process, including risk range, risk severity (size), change range, distribution and duration. Its task is to find the main risk sources and key risk factors that affect safety according to the overall (risk) management frequency, determine the measurement standards specified in the process of risk area, and comprehensively track and evaluate the implementation of risk handling activities. Domain, risk rating and acceptable risk benchmark. When analyzing and evaluating risks, we should not only consider this point, but also consider the size of losses caused by risks in the four stages of management, including start-up, planning, implementation and end, and also consider the probability of risks, so as to measure the strict and close combination of risks and penetrate into the whole process of life cycle. So as to promote that diversity of each unit at any time. The purpose of risk analysis and evaluation is to transform all kinds of data into information that can provide scientific and reasonable decision-making for decision makers, reduce decision-making risks, provide safe business policy support for enterprises, and then evaluate the consequences of various risk events, determine their severity environment, and ensure the smooth realization of enterprise business objectives. Sort. After determining the risk assessment criteria and risk decision criteria, we can assess the risk from the perspective of decision-making, conduct comprehensive risk management, establish and improve the long-term mechanism of risk management, realize the impact of commercial insurance, calculate the measurement of the impact of risk on decision criteria, and determine whether the sustainable development of wind power enterprises can be accepted. This is an effective means to strengthen company management, or choose methods to control risks, reduce or transfer risks. This is an important measure to fully implement scientific management. 4. Strengthening the guarantee of safe operation of enterprises is of great significance to improve the level of commercial enterprises. Risk management to create better economic benefits. Dealing with new risks is to put forward opinions and methods to deal with risks. It is aimed at different types, situations and new tasks. Commercial enterprises should seriously strengthen enterprise risk management, establish internal control institutions for risks of different scales and different probabilities, and adopt corresponding countermeasures, measures or methods to improve the level of internal control, so as to strengthen the ability to cope with crisis challenges and minimize the impact of enterprise risk management losses on enterprise production and business activities. Only by recognizing risks at a higher level and developing at a higher level can the rapid development of enterprises be realized. (Continued from page 69) 4. Strengthen the recycling of engineering materials. Due to the long construction time, references: and a large number of materials belonging to low-value consumables, such as scraps, etc., need to be used, including [1] Ministry of Finance. Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises-Application Guide 2006[M]. Beijing: China's financial and economic sectors, batteries, templates and equipment lubricants can be reused, if the enterprise can announce it, 2006. It can not only strengthen the management of engineering materials, but also [2] Wu Junmin, Taolian,. Problems in engineering materials accounting and suggestions for improvement [J]. Accounting Newsletter, 2008 (5). It can save costs and increase the economic benefits of construction enterprises. First, strengthen the importance of recycling, [3] Qiu Rensong. Talking about the Accounting and Management of Engineering Materials [J]. Lianyuan Iron and Steel Technology and Management, 2009(0 1). Clearly define the scope and scale standards of all kinds of waste materials applicable to this project, treat intact materials as waste materials, and arrange special personnel to be responsible for recycling and transport them away from the construction site in time. Author: Weng Maojun, work unit:. Secondly, we should strengthen our sense of responsibility and make a recycling plan for waste materials. Cheng co., ltd, zip code: 4420 13. And to each construction team, issued a recycling index. Reward those who make good use, or punish them, link the recycling of materials with the economic interests of construction workers, improve the sense of responsibility of recycling of engineering materials, improve the management level of engineering materials, and then improve the economic benefits of the project. Seventy two