I am a peasant family, and my parents are hard. I just came out to work in the society, earning more than 3 thousand, and I am not good at talking.

In middle age, they struggle hard for food and clothing and a better life for their children in the city. Construction workers, sanitation workers, cleaners, dishwashers ... due to lack of skills and education, most of them are doing the hardest, most tiring and dirtiest jobs in the city; When you are older, you will often be discriminated against by employers who do not recruit "women over 40 years old and men over 50 years old", and have low requirements for salary and working environment, and even lower requirements for social security; Many of them want to work in the city until they can't move, and then return to the countryside to support the elderly. Children are their hope. Many people pin their hopes for a better life on the next generation, most afraid of the embarrassment of "the whole family is working". Let's approach migrant workers. Migrant workers are not picky about their jobs, but they still have to face the distress of being old, unskilled and looking for a job. On the morning of July 4th, the highest temperature was 35 degrees Celsius and the sun was shining. Sister Lu, a sanitation worker wearing long pants and a sun hat, is cleaning up the garbage on the roadside in beiyuan road, Changping District. Sister Lu is 44 years old and her hometown is in Heilongjiang. Since then, she has been a sanitation worker. "8 hours a day, the work is not complicated, that is, this section of the road is probably clean 100 meters." Through calculation, she needs to walk 12 km without stopping at work every day. "Health is dry, working conditions are poor, income is low, and young people don't like to come. They are all older migrant workers like us." Sister Lu said that her basic salary is RMB yuan, plus daily subsidies such as vacuuming subsidies, she can earn about RMB yuan a month. Since the late 1980s, a large number of rural surplus laborers have entered cities to work. In the past 20 years, young and strong migrant workers are generally nearly half a year old. According to statistics, at present, migrant workers like Sister Lu (female over 40 years old, male over 50 years old) account for about 40% of the total number of migrant workers, exceeding 65,438+billion. Compared with the younger generation of migrant workers, migrant workers are not picky about their jobs, and most of them are doing the dirtiest, most tiring and most bitter jobs in the city. However, with the growth of their age, they are suffering from the trouble of "being old, having no skills, and finding a job is difficult". Every noon, Zhang Haidu, who works as a dishwasher in an office canteen, washes more than 65438+100000 tableware with five companions. "The dishes I have washed in the past six months are almost catching up with the dishes I have washed all my life." Zhang Dahai, who is in his fifties, is slightly rickety and walks slowly. Zhang Dahai told reporters that he had many years of driving experience and initially wanted to find a job driving. "Driving a taxi must have a hukou, and driving a truck must be a strong boy. The age limit is under 35 years old. At our age, we don't consider formal recruitment at all, we can only brush the dishes. " Zhang Dahai washes dishes for about one month. He doesn't expect a high salary, as long as he doesn't default. In the past two years, "recruitment difficulties" have appeared in many places. However, looking closely at the recruitment conditions of enterprises, there is often a "hard lever"-the age is generally not over 35 years old. According to a survey conducted by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Institute of Labor Science, "18-35 years old" has almost become the general standard for enterprises to recruit general workers. Some enterprises even require "under 28 years old", which is really impossible to recruit, and the standard is relaxed to 40 years old at most. In interviews, many migrant workers said that it is increasingly difficult for them to find jobs because of their age, lack of skills and low education. They can only choose industries with poor working conditions and low wages. Young people don't like to do it because they are afraid of being fired and dare not raise their wages. The older they get, the harder it is for them to find jobs again. 42-year-old Zhu Airong works as a cleaner in a public institution, and her husband works as a security guard in the same unit. Their monthly salary is only RMB. The salary is not high, but it is the best job she and her husband can find after many comparisons. What Zhu Airong misses most is the time when she was a female worker in a factory when she was young. "At that time, I posted a trademark in the woven bag factory, which was fast in piece counting and earned the most." Later, the village in the city rented by his son in Qinhuangdao was to be demolished, so Zhu Airong and her husband came to work. It is not easy for her to find a job in her forties. "Everyone wants young people. At my age, I can do nothing but look after the children and clean up. " Zhu Airong said. However, Zhu Airong does not think this is abnormal. In her view, migrant workers who can still find jobs with good income after the age of 40 must be skilled and capable, and when her generation came out to work, most of them did not even finish junior high school. Migrant workers have the heaviest burden of life, and their greatest wish is that their children can have a good development. For migrant workers, they are in the stage of "old and young" and have the heaviest burden of life. Children are both their motivation and their hope. In order to give children a good environment, they tried their best in the city. "If it weren't for a better life for our children, we wouldn't be working so hard in the city." Near the beiyuan road exit of subway 13 line, sister Zhou Tao, a migrant worker with a burrito, told the reporter that she and her husband came to work from their hometown in Cao Xian County, Heze, Shandong Province in 1998. Over the past ten years, they have changed seven or eight villages in the city and opened several small restaurants, but they have not made any money because of demolition and remote location. Now, her husband is at home mixing noodles and preparing materials. She put a burrito at the subway entrance and earned several times a month. Although hard, when it comes to a pair of children, 50-year-old Zhou Tao looks gratified. "My daughter graduated from college and worked as a teacher in New Oriental English School. My son has been admitted to the architecture major of Tongji University in Shanghai and will be able to work in two years. " At this stage, Zhou Tao is most worried about his son's tuition and living expenses. "The tuition fee is more than one year, the accommodation fee is more than one year, and the monthly living expenses are 654.38 yuan +0.5 million yuan. I'm not afraid of your jokes. I miss my children very much now, and I am afraid to take them, because I want to send money to my children. " Zhou Tao said with a wry smile. Zhu Airong's son also went to college, studied acupuncture at a medical university in Jinan, and went to a private clinic after graduation. What worries Zhu Airong is his son's marriage. "The child talked about a girlfriend when he was in college. However, people think that our family conditions are poor, saying that our family has jobs, grandparents have jobs, and parents also have jobs, and they are unwilling to let their daughters associate with my son. " Unlike city dwellers, there are not a few migrant workers whose children get married and have children in their forties. Working hard and saving money for a wife have become the focus of these migrant workers' lives. "The son in the city can't afford it, but he wants to get married in his hometown." Yu Guangju from his hometown of Sichuan said. At the age of 45, she and her husband spent 654.38+10,000 yuan to get married and become the eldest son in their hometown county. Although the eldest son works in Shanghai, he never goes back once a year. "Well, even if they have done their duty, it is their business to live or not." This 654.38+ million spent all her savings and borrowed 20,000 from relatives. Now, Yu Guangju and her husband are saving money to pay off debts and getting married for their son, who is 18 years old. What worries her is that her husband earned more than 30 thousand a year by digging the subway a few years ago, but now he can't do heavy work because of lumbar muscle strain. He can only work as a cleaner in the community, and his monthly income is only diversified. The burden of life is all on Yu Guangju who works as an hourly worker. ■ "If you can't do it in the city" and "If you can't do it, go back to your hometown" have become the general mentality of migrant workers. They are forty or fifty years old, and there are still units in the city to work. What should I do after more than ten years? After working hard outside for many years, Zhu Airong gradually got used to the life in the city, dressing and treating people like city people. But whenever he mentioned his hometown, all that flashed through Zhu Airong's eyes was disappointment. "I want to go back. The air in the countryside is fresh and the children are spacious and bright. I grow my own dishes before and after, and I just pick them when I cook. " Zhu Airong said that now more than 30 mu of land has been contracted to Xiaoguzi, and the contracting fee is RMB per mu. However, the income from farming is still too small and the risk is great. Zhu Airong sighed when he remembered it. "It rained heavily in the northeast last year, and the soybeans planted by my nephew were flooded, and I was still clamoring to come to work." Zhu Airong said that she and her husband's brothers and sisters almost all went out to work. Even her parents-in-law who are nearly seventy years old are still working as nannies in Tianjin. "My mother-in-law is very capable. She went to Harbin as a nanny in the 1990s. Now I want to work in Tianjin for another two years, and I will quit at the age of 70. " The present of parents-in-law seems to be Zhu Airong's tomorrow. "We didn't participate in endowment insurance, and our jobs are always changing; I didn't participate in the new rural insurance, so I can only rely on myself in the future. It is good for children to manage themselves. They can only do more and save more money when they can. " Zhang Dahai told reporters that his wife is almost 60 years old, working as a nanny in a family in Gulou Street, earning RMB a month and taking two days off. "We want to go back to our hometown for another two years, and now we are trying to save more money." In the interview, the reporter learned that most migrant workers have the same idea as Zhu Airong, and it has become a common mentality to "provide for the elderly by yourself", "work hard in the city" and "go back to your hometown if you can't do it". But both Zhang Dahai and Zhu Airong feel that the older they get, the harder it is to earn money in the city. Wages are getting lower and lower, prices are getting higher and higher, and no matter how much you save, you can't save money. Long Wenjun, a researcher at the Agricultural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, pointed out that most of the older migrant workers are engaged in low-tech construction and service industries, and they have little energy to consider their own pension problems. Even if they have a sense of participating in insurance, the continuity and stability emphasized by social security will become their big problem. Therefore, it is urgent to further improve China's old-age insurance system, improve the old-age security facilities and services of this generation of migrant workers, and increase investment in rural old-age security facilities. Experts also suggested that the society should give more care to migrant workers and attach importance to their rights to survival, development and fair employment. From the age of 16 who is allowed to enter the labor force to the legal retirement age of 60 (female employees are currently 50 years old), it is not surprising that an employee's career can reach about 40 years. Now, once over 40 years old, enterprises are reluctant to recruit people, which is equivalent to giving up half of the labor field ahead of schedule, which is unfair to workers. It is necessary to increase the skills training for the elderly workers in a targeted manner, guide enterprises to change their concepts, treat the elderly workers well, and give full play to their advantages of being hardworking, calm and pragmatic.