On the "Four Books" in Song Dynasty —— Sanshi, Hanlin Bachelor, Zhikai Fengfu and Official History

Rong Zhai continued: "In addition to being in power, the State Dynasty also worshipped the Third Division, the Hanlin Bachelor, the Zhifengfu and the Shi Yu, which is a common custom." As mentioned above, the consuls (executors) in the Song Dynasty were mostly promoted from the four positions of Third Secretary, Hanlin Bachelor, Zhikaifengfu and Shiyuzhongcheng. It can be seen that it is the best transitional position to become the top of hundreds of officials above 100 people under one person. Just like now, if you want to enter the central government, you usually have to be the head of Beijing and Shanghai for a period of time. Therefore, this "three secretaries, Hanlin bachelor, Zhikaifengfu and Shiyuzhongcheng" is also dubbed as "four heads", which seems to be the four sources of Qingyun Road and a very important figure. Today, the world of mortals will briefly introduce what these four heads are and what famous people have appeared in these positions in the history of the Song Dynasty. The world of mortals sold a small pass here first, and one of the adults even sat in this "four-headed" position, which was absolutely powerful and domineering. Look down and you'll know who it is. However, before the official start, the world of mortals should briefly explain the overall official system of the Song Dynasty-it has three most remarkable characteristics: strengthening centralization, decentralizing the power of officials, and attaching importance to martial arts, so it is not centralized like the prime ministers and generals of Qin and Han Dynasties, or the six departments of Sui and Tang Dynasties, but scattered to many positions like the "four heads"-and they are all uniformly civil servants. The reason behind this is also very long and complicated, starting from the Five Dynasties or even the end of the Tang Dynasty, but it has little to do with the center of this article, so I won't go into details here. Let's talk about this "four in one" first. The three secret envoys and three secretaries, who are in charge of the cashier of the national money valley and balance the fiscal revenue and expenditure, are the highest financial officers of the central government and are called "phase plans". However, this position was not initiated by the Song Dynasty. As early as the middle and late Tang Dynasty, when there were financial problems, the minister Naitejian divided the responsibilities of the branch and the household department, respectively serving as the salt and iron transport envoy, and then simply appointed a person from the prime minister to "examine the branch, the household department and the salt and iron transport envoy affairs". After the Five Dynasties, the post office was divided into three organizations: Salt and Iron Department, Housing Department and Expenditure Department, each with its own envoy, which is the origin of the "three divisions". However, in the fourth year of Chunhua in Song Taizong in the early Song Dynasty (993), these three envoys were merged into one, which is what we want to call the "three divisions". These three ministers are in charge of finance, and three deputy envoys are in charge of the salt and iron department, the household department and the expenditure department. Under them, there are more than 20 cases of military affairs, military affairs, commercial taxes, etc. It can be said that they have mastered the financial power of the country in one hand, and their status is self-evident. In fact, the original intention of setting up the third secretary is to divide part of the power of the prime minister, so as to avoid the excessive concentration of the power of the prime minister and affect the imperial power. But after a long time, the emperor suddenly found that the three ministers had become a department that was almost ignored, and their functions and powers involved the affairs of the original military, household, industrial, official and other departments, and even the functions and powers of the supervision department were violated. This is not bad and must be contained. So in the fifth year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (A.D. 1082), Wang Anshi reformed, and all the financial power in charge of the three secretaries was distributed back to the ministries, among which the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development benefited the most, and the post of "Chief Financial Officer" of the three secretaries finally died, which was called "Yuanfeng restructuring" in history. The most famous official among the three ambassadors is Bao Qingtian. Some friends may say, isn't Bao Zheng "Kaifeng Yin Fu"? The world of mortals can only say that you really know nothing about Bao Gong's power. Among countless officials throughout the ages, this famous minister, whose influence among the people is absolutely the first, is by no means just a "detective". Bachelor of Hanlin is no stranger to this position. "Hanlin" is almost synonymous with the best literati, especially in the eyes of the people, it is completely a satellite. This official position did not begin in the Song Dynasty, but was established in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, imperial edicts were often drafted by famous Confucian scholars. Although it was sent from outside the general administrative system, regardless of rank and official position, it was often the confidant of the emperor and there were many worshippers. The Song Dynasty also followed this institution of the Tang Dynasty and expanded it into the Hanlin Academy. Anyone who can enter the Imperial Academy is a well-read person, and later developed into a bachelor's degree in pavilions, such as Longtuge and Tianzhangge. This is what we often see in the works of the Song Dynasty. Although there is no specific position, it is a very glorious title and the highest praise for literati. Sorry, our Bao Gong is going to play again. Perhaps many friends still remember one of his arrogant titles-Longtuge University. However, we have an objective view. Bao's knowledge is good, but in the Song Dynasty, which paid the most attention to literati and led to the emergence of celebrities, he really could not be said to be top-notch. The competition here is too fierce, just like the three top gods of men's tennis today, "Finnard". Any one of them can crush the rest of the era, but it happened that they appeared in an era, fighting hard for who is a goat. In terms of learning, Ouyang Xiu is better than Bao Zheng in the same period, but he can't help it. Since ancient times, Su Dongpo has been a top super genius in almost all fields that can reflect the talents of literati, such as poetry and songs, calligraphy and even Buddhism. He was also an academician in the Song Dynasty, so even Lord Ouyang had to wait. Therefore, if the most famous academicians in the Song Dynasty are Su Shi and Su Dongpo, then no matter who chooses, no matter how many times, the result is the same. Fu Zhifeng, Fu Zhifeng is a judicial institution in Kaifeng, the capital of the Song Dynasty. It can be said that it is a special institution that combines "local" and "central"-just like the mayor of Beijing today, it can never really be compared with the mayors of other places. Therefore, the position of Kaifeng Fuyin is also extremely important. Here, the gentleman in the world of mortals should explain that the Song Dynasty also had the tradition of "silence of the prince". For example, the second emperor, Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi, also worked as a prefect of Kaifeng before he ascended the throne, so this chief official generally exists in name only, and the person actually in charge of Kaifeng House is called "Kaifeng House Power" or even "Kaifeng House Power". In fact, these are the actual managers of Kaifeng, but there is no way. No one can be on the same level as the emperor or the prince. We must take a step back to show our respect for the imperial power. Among all the officials who know Kaifengfu, the most famous one is Bao Daren-or it is no exaggeration to say that most people know this official position through Bao Daren, which can no longer be described as bullish-and even crushed an official position. However, the gentleman of the world of mortals is hard to say. In fact, Bao Gong only sat in the position of Kaifengfu for a short year and three months, and there is not much record in the history books that he judged cases like a god. In fact, this aspect is not his specialty. Those famous film and television works, such as honey trap and civet cat for prince, were all invented by later generations. In fact, among all the officials who have worked in Fu Zhifeng, the Duke Kao has the greatest ability and contribution. If it weren't for this adult, the Southern Song Dynasty would have come long ago, instead of just signing the relatively fair Yuan Tan Union. Cheng's official position in the imperial history has a long history. It was established as early as the first feudal dynasty, the Qin dynasty, and later served as the second official of the imperial historian in the Han dynasty, or law enforcement in the imperial history. In the Song Dynasty, this official position was still retained, and because the position of "imperial scholar" was rarely awarded, Zhong Cheng was still the chief official, and his specific duties must be familiar to everyone-impeaching officials and even admonishing your majesty, but in modern times it was replaced by "attorney general" to find fault. All previous dynasties (except those chaotic dynasties in which military men were in power) attached great importance to speaking officials. In the history of imperial examinations, Cheng was the "head of officials" and often the leader of officials, and his influence was self-evident. Just now, I said some "bad words" about Bao's adult in Kaifeng, Zhihu. In fact, in the eyes of the world of mortals, what best reflects Bao Zheng's ability is not the detective of Kaifengfu, but the position of suggestion and medium range. As we all know, the biggest feature of Lord Bao is that he hates evil and is strong and upright. On this suggestion, Cheng is simply tailor-made for his old man's house. Anyone who sees any violation of the law, regardless of whether the other person is a relative or a hero, is two words-impeachment! For this reason, he won't even sell his majesty's account. Once the imperial concubine's uncle committed a crime, Bao Zheng impeached as usual, and Injong wanted to talk, but he spoke again in the middle. Unexpectedly, Bao Zheng argued, remained unmoved, and even became more and more excited. He also said that when he walked forward, his breath splashed on Injong's face. In the end, it ended in Renzong's concession, and Lord Bao won. Later, Injong returned to the palace and complained to the imperial concubine-don't intercede for your loved ones in the future. Let's talk about it here, but don't forget that Cheng in the suggestion is Bao Zheng. Even injong is like this. Other powerful people are still shivering. In front of Lord Bao, it is absolutely respectful, and no matter how big it is, it is also closed-""The nobles and eunuchs gathered their hands for it, and all those who heard it were afraid. " Therefore, at that time, there was a saying among the people that "there is no joint, there is an old bag", which means that in the eyes of these corrupt officials, Bao's adult is as terrible as it is. Therefore, no matter in terms of ability or fame, Cheng in the suggestion is definitely Bao Zheng. The world of mortals said that we talked about three secretaries, namely, a bachelor of Hanlin, Fu Zhifeng and Yu Shicheng, who were the most convenient "four heads" in the Song Dynasty, and also introduced the officials with the greatest ability and reputation in these four positions. Here we can see that Lord Bao has actually achieved all these "four in one", and this one is a nobody. Recently, due to the proliferation of various film and television works, some really praised Master Bao so much that they couldn't even let go of the world and began to enter the "underworld". I don't know when there was a crescent "mark" on my forehead, which was even worse than Erlang God. Because of this, many friends began to dislike Bao's adult, and many creators and even Da V began to cater to these friends to belittle or even vilify Bao's adult. In fact, this is all wet. Although Lord Bao doesn't really judge cases like a god, his ability and contribution can never be ignored. Otherwise, he won't do any of these four important positions. Even in the eyes of the world of mortals, few people do better than him in the suggested position, regardless of fame or ability. Therefore, Bao Gong, in the name of a good minister, is absolutely well-deserved. Reference: History of Song Dynasty, Rong Zhai continued.