Duhufu detailed information daquan

"Duhu House" originated from the Duhu House in the Western Regions established in Leo in the second year of Emperor Xuandi of the Western Han Dynasty (60 BC). In charge of Dawan and its eastern countries, it also supervises nomadic countries such as Wusun and Kangju. The Wei and Jin Dynasties established the Western Regions' long history mansion, and the Tang Dynasty unified the Western Regions, and established Anxi, Beiting (Jinshan), Hannah Quinlivan and Mengchi. The territory not only includes the western regions including Xinjiang now, but also extends to the Caspian Sea.

The Duhu Mansion has the positions of Duhu Mansion, Deputy Duhu Mansion, Chang Shi, Sima, etc., "to take charge of all the fans, comfort and punish them." He also set up a clerk to join the army, a clerk, a soldier in Cao Can and a military officer in the state capital. There are three schools: university, upper school and middle school. The prefect is protected by the prince and not by the deputy prefect. From the fourteenth year of Zhenguan (640), when Anxi Duhu House was founded, it was changed to the Tang Dynasty.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Duhufu Time: the second year of Emperor Xuandi in the Western Han Dynasty Location: Wei Xijin, the capital of the western regions in Leo: there is a brief introduction, overview, explanation of meaning, responsibilities and functions of the western regions, Han Dynasty, origin, evolution, Tang Dynasty, overview, Anton, Anbei, Shan Yu, Anxi, Beiting, Annan, Song Dynasty and other Han Dynasties, and there is a capital of the western regions in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the Tang Dynasty. The prefect of Duhufu is called Duhufu. The word "Duhu" is Chinese, which means the whole, "Tribal Tiger" means guarding with troops, and "Duhu" means "general guarding". Duties and functions: The Dutifu's duty is to "appease the vassals and make peace with foreign invaders", and it is under its control to "appease, conquer, make meritorious deeds and punish" the surrounding ethnic groups. Its appearance is the objective need of the development of frontier ethnic relations in the early Tang Dynasty. Since Wude, many tribes have actively attached themselves. Since the same year of Emperor Taizong, the Tang Dynasty has successively pacified the ministries of Turkic and Xueyantuo, and more frontier tribes have surrendered. The Tang Dynasty faced the problem of how to deal with many subjugated nations. Due to the continuous strengthening of ethnic ties, the continuous growth of friendly exchanges and the elimination of ethnic prejudice of the rulers in the early Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong extended the experience of governing the mainland to the surrounding areas, set up counties in ethnic minority areas, and let the heads of ministries manage the headquarters. In order to manage these counties, the Tang Dynasty set up a Duhu government in the western regions and a Duhu government in ethnic areas, following the example of the Han Dynasty. From Taizong to Gaozong, nine capitals, namely, Anton, Dongyi, Anbei, Chanyu, Anxi, Beiting, Hannah Quinlivan, Mengchi and Annan, were established successively. When Wuhou actually came to power in Xuanzong Kaiyuan Tianbao, only Anton, Anbei, Shan Yu, Anxi, Beiting and Annan were protectors. This is the famous Six Protectors. In the early Tang Dynasty, Hudu Mansion was set up to strengthen the local rule in the Tang Dynasty. The important measures to deal with ethnic relations are also one of the reasons for political clarity, economic development and social prosperity in the early Tang Dynasty. This system has had a very far-reaching impact on later generations. The territory of the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty originated from the Han Dynasty. After the great victory in the Xiongnu War, especially after Zhang Qian opened the western regions and Li Guangli cut Dawan, pavilions and pavilions were often set up to bring the western regions into his own rule, creating favorable conditions for fighting against Hungary in the future and ensuring the smooth trade routes in the western regions. There are hundreds of people on the wheel platform and furrow plough, and they are given to a captain to take care of foreigners. "("Western Regions ") This replaced the Xiongnu forces and put the northern and southern Tianshan Mountains under the rule of the central government for the first time. Duhu House was established in Leo (now luntai county, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang), and Ji Zheng was appointed as the first Duhu House. After Ji Zheng's mission to the Western Regions, there were 18 known people who held protection posts in the Western Han Dynasty. Xuandi has Han Xuan and Gan Yanshou in Yuan Di, Duan, Lian Bao and Guo Shun in Chengdi, Chien Sun and Qin Dan in Pingdi and Li Chong in Xinmang. In the last years of Xin Mang (around AD 23), there was chaos in the western regions, so Li Chong did not go to Qiuci and no longer protected it. In the 21st year of Jianwu (AD 45), Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty asked eighteen countries in the western regions to restore the capital guards, but Emperor Guangwu refused. In the seventeenth year of Yongping in Ming Di (AD 74), Mu Chen was lord protector. The next year, Yan Qi and Qiuci rebelled, attacked and killed Mu Chen, so they stopped protecting them. In the 3rd year of Yongyuan (AD 9 1), Ban Chao, the general, pacified the Western Regions, so he took Ban Chao as his bodyguard and settled in the dry city of Kuqa (near Kuqa in Xinjiang today, the address is unknown). In fourteen years, Ban Chao returned to Luoyang, and his successors were Ren Shang and Duan Xi. In the first year of Andi yongchu (107), there was chaos in the western regions, and the silver jubilee returned. Since then, the capital has been abandoned. In the second year of Yan Guang (123), Ban Yong was regarded as the long history of the western regions, and the western regions were restored, so he took the long history as the commander in chief. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the governors of the western regions and the governors of the western regions were the highest military and political officials in the Han Dynasty. In the Western Han Dynasty, Duhu was a title added to other official titles. Generally, it was led by a riding captain or an assistant doctor and received a salary of 2,000 stone. The Eastern Han Dynasty was a single official position. Overview of the heyday of the Tang Dynasty The territory of the Tang Dynasty reached Korea in the east, Aral Sea in Central Asia in the west, northern Vietnam in the south and northern Mongolia in the north. There were many foreign nationalities in the Tang Dynasty. In order to effectively manage Turkic, Uighur, Mohong, Tiele, Shiwei and Qidan, etc. Six capitals, Anxi, Anbei, Anton, Annan, Khan and Beiting, were established. The territory of the Tang Dynasty, Anton (1), is the capital of Anton and belongs to Hebei Road. In September of the first year of General Chapter (668), Koguryo was razed, and the city was 176. In December, it was divided into nine counties, forty-two counties and one hundred counties. Anton was placed in Pyongyang and unified. When it was first built, the jurisdiction started from Liaoshui in the west and reached Koguryo in the south, and there were various places in the northeast that originally belonged to Koguryo. Soon, due to the fierce resistance of Koguryo people, Duhufu moved to Liaodong, and the land on the south bank of the Yalu River was abandoned. In the first year of the Gregorian calendar (698), Zhenzhou was established in Sumishui (now the second Songhua River) and Sumei (formerly known as Bohai State) in Huhan (now Mudanjiang) basins, and the jurisdiction of Duhufu was limited to Liaodong area. In the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726), Xue Tai, the capital of Anton, invited the largest tribe in Heishui to set up Heishui Capital, other ministries set up states, and the court set up a long history supervisor. The jurisdiction extends to the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and the east of Wusuli River. After Duhufu moved to Liaodong, it either ruled Liaodong City (now Liaoyang, Liaoning Province) or ruled Xincheng (now northeast Fushun, Liaoning Province). In the first year of victory, Duhu House was changed, and in the first year of Shenlong (705), Duhu House was restored, with Youzhou as the governor and leader. Kaiyuan moved to Pingzhou (now Lulong, Hebei Province) in the second year, and moved to Yan County (now Yixian, Liaoning Province) in the eleventh year. In the second year of Tianbao (743), he moved back to the old county town in western Liaoning (now the east bank of Daling River in the southeast of Yixian County, Liaoning Province). In the seventh year of Kaiyuan, Lu was the ambassador and Anton was the guarantor. During the Anshi Rebellion, Pinglu Festival moved south to Qingzhou, and Khufu was abolished. Liaodong County, Yan State, belonged to Andong Duhu House and Anbei Duhu House in the Tang Dynasty (bold is the name changed several times before, the same below), and belongs to Guannei Road. After the Tang Dynasty broke Xue Yantuo in the twentieth year of Zhenguan, Tiele attached it to all ministries. In the first month of the following year, six states were established, namely, Hanhai (Uighur Department), Yanran (Dolan Gebu), Jinwei (Servant Bone Department), Youling (Banye Ancient Department), Guilin (Gonggong Department), Lushan (Four Sections), Gaolan (Hunbu), Gaoque (Hu Xuebu) and Luji (Luji). In August, Tiele's farthest bone-benefiting department belonged to this place and was named Xuanque Prefecture. Later, in Jiankun, Yinshan, Desert, Xuanchi and other states, Jiegu and Gloriu Departments were established, and Hunhe and Langshan were all under the command of Yanran. Duhufu ruled Taiwan Province alone (now Wujiahebei in the northeast of Hangjinhou Banner in Inner Mongolia). Its jurisdiction is equivalent to the north of Wujiahe River in Inner Mongolia, all of the People's Republic of Mongolia, the upper reaches of Irtysh River and Yenisei River in Russia, and the surrounding areas of Angara River and Baikal Lake. In the third year of Longshuo (663), Duhufu moved to Mubei Uighur headquarters and ruled the northwest of Harahelin in the present Mongolian People's Republic. It was renamed as Hanhai Duhufu, with Yunzhong Duhufu as the boundary, and ruled all the northern states of Jimi. In the second year, the general chapter was changed to Anbei Duhu. After the last years of Emperor Gaozong, Turks rose, and Tiele's hometown was merged soon, and Anbei was abolished. In Wuhou, ministers of Uighur, Gucci, Sijie and Xiongnu moved to cool and pleasant rooms. In the first year of hanging arch (685), overseas Chinese settled in the west city of Juyanhai (now southeast of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia) and soon moved to xi 'an City (now northwest of Minle in Gansu). In the first year of victory, he moved to Chandu House, an ancient city in the old cloud (now northwest of Inner Mongolia and Linger). In the second year of Jinglong (708), Zhang Renyuan established three surrender cities in the north of Hetao, and then moved to Hufu in the north of Anbei to rule the surrender city in the west (now southwest of Wu Jia and Hebei in Urad Zhonghou Banner, Inner Mongolia). In the third year of Kaiyuan migration, it was surrendered to the city (now the north bank of the Yellow River southwest of Baotou, Inner Mongolia). In the eighth year of Tianbao, Duhufu moved back to rule the Hengsai Army (now the southern foot of Yinshan Mountain in the southwest of Urad Zhonghou Banner, Inner Mongolia), serving as military envoy and government affairs. Fourteen years later, he moved to Da 'an Army (renamed Tiandejun after Gan Yuan, now five Hedong in the northeast of Urad Qianqi, Inner Mongolia). In the second year of Zhide (757), it was renamed Zhenbei Khufu. I haven't seen it since Xingyuan. During Huichang period, Chanyu Duhu was changed to Anbei Duhu. During the Five Dynasties, the land entered the Khitan and was abandoned. When Duhufu and Xi 'an were in the same city, they still had the name of Fuzhou, such as Hanhai, and sometimes the Uighur department moved to Gansu and Liang Jian. Later, Uighur and other departments also went to the north to vote for Turks, and the Hufu moved eastward and southward, and they did not take the exam in the tribal counties and counties they led. Tianbao originally belonged to Guo Yinshan County. Anbei Duhu House Khan (3) Khan Duhu House belongs to Guannei Road. In the first year of Yonghui (650), the Turks in Tang Ping Khan, "all the Turkic ministries are their government ministers". Based on its land, there are three governors' offices in Langshan and Yunzhong, and fourteen states in southern Jiangsu, and houses are set up in Hanhai. It is intertwined with the capital of Yanran. In the third year of Longshuo, the capital of Yanran was moved to Qiongbei and renamed as Hanhai Capital. The capital of the former Han Dynasty moved to the ancient city in Yunzhong, renamed Yunzhong Capital, so the capital of Nanqi moved to Yunzhong. In the first year of Linde (664), it was renamed Chanyu Duhu House, which governed the northern desert and the southern Yellow River. In the last years of Emperor Gaozong, Turks rose and withdrew from all provinces. In the second year of the hanging arch, he was stationed in the army, and in the first year of the holy calendar, he moved to Anbei to protect the government. In the second year of Kaiyuan, Khan Duhu was restored and Anbei Duhu moved to the surrender city. During Huichang period, it was renamed Anbei Khufu. What did Duhufu get after listing the square? I didn't test it. Tianbao originally belonged to Guojinhe County. Anxi (4) is the capital of Anxi and belongs to Longyou Road. In the fourth year of Zhenguan (630), Shi Wannian, the official of Yiwu (now Hami), descended to the Tang Dynasty and presented his seven cities. Xizhou was established here in the Tang Dynasty, and it was renamed Yizhou in the sixth year of Zhenguan (632). In the 13th year of Zhenguan (639), the Tang Dynasty captured Yehu station troops in the West Turkic (that is, Jinmancheng, now the ancient city of Beiting in Jimsar County) and established Tingzhou in the Tang Dynasty. In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), after Wang Qu of Gaochang was pacified in the Tang Dynasty, he colluded with the Turkic rebellion, appointed Shang Shuhou of the official department as general Jiaohe, and appointed Anxi as lord protector. Anxi viceroy was stationed in Jiaohe City (now Siargol, Turpan City), which was the highest military and political organ of the Tang Dynasty in the western regions, and governed several viceroy and states. In the 22nd year of Zhenguan in Anxi, Tang Dynasty (648), the government moved to Qiuci (now Kuqa County). At that time, there were 16 governors' offices, 88 states and 1 10 counties in Yanqi, Qiuci, Shule and Pisha. In the second year of Yonghui (65 1), he moved back to Xizhou. In 657, the second year of the reign of Emperor Xianqing, Tang Jun broke through the western Turkic region in the Ili River and Suichuan, established Hannah Quinlivan and Mengchi as the two capitals, and promoted Anxi to be the capital of Anxi. Its jurisdiction ranges from Yangguan and Yumenguan in the east to Aral Sea in the west (Hannah Quinlivan and Mengchi belong to Anxi Dadu). In the third year of Xianqing (658), the government moved the capital to Qiuci again, during which the Anxi viceroy was demolished, and in the first year of longevity (692), the Anxi viceroy restored Qiuci (which governed all parts of the Caspian Sea from the north of Tianshan Mountain). In order to manage the western Turkic homeland north of Tianshan Mountain, Duhufu established Jinshan Duhufu in the Tang Dynasty in 662 AD (in Xizhou, later moved to Tingzhou, now the site of Beidaoqiao ancient city in Qitai County). It was established on the basis of the former Governor's Office in Xizhou, replacing the Governor's Office in Hannah Quinlivan, and governs the vast areas north of Tianshan Mountain, south of Balkhash Lake, west of Jinshan Mountain (Altai Mountain) and east of the two river basins in Central Asia. It belongs to Anxi Duhu House. In the first year of hanging arch (685), Hannah Quinlivan was restored and Jinshan was abandoned. In the second year of Chang 'an (702), Beiting Dukhufu was established in Yuting Prefecture, north of Tianshan Mountain. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty appointed our envoy Qiaoxi, one of the eight ambassadors in China at that time, ranking above the two major capitals of Anxi and Beiting. In the first year of Zhide (756), Anxi Duhu was renamed Zhenxi Duhu and later Anxi Duhu. At the time of Kaiyuan and Tianbao, most of the countries in the west of Congling, headed by Anxi, were big food and Tubo. After the An Shi Rebellion, the two governments were at loggerheads for thirty years. In the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790), Tubo fell into the Northern Dynasty. Soon after, Anxi was also attacked by Tubo, and both governments were abolished. In addition, there are four other military towns in Duhufu, Anxi, namely Qiuci, Shule, Yutian and Broken Leaves (sometimes replaced by Yanqi). The four towns mentioned above are actually the garrisons of the Tang Dynasty in the western regions, performing their duties under the Duhu government, which is different from the Duhu government. Beiting (5) Beiting Duhu House belongs to Longyou Road. In the second year of Chang 'an (702), Tingzhou, north of Tianshan Mountain, was established as the Governor's House of Beiting, which governed 23 states of Tianshan North Road. Hannah Quinlivan and Du Fu in Mengchi were transferred to Du Fu in Beiting. The jurisdiction of Beiting Duhu House starts from Yizhou (now Hami) in the east, reaches the Aral Sea in the west, reaches Irtysh River and Balkhash Lake in the north, and depends on Tianshan Mountain in the south. In the third year of Jinglong (709), the protection of the northern court was changed to the protection of the northern court, and its jurisdiction was mainly in the vast area north of Tianshan Mountain and Balkhash Lake. At this time, Anxi Duhufu only managed the vast area south of Tianshan Mountain and west of Congling Mountain. But in fact, it was difficult to effectively control the two capitals from the Suiye River (now the Chuhe River in Central Asia) and the west of Qingji. The western Turkic homeland led by the northern imperial court has been annexed by Turkic stone, while Geluo Lufu belongs to Turkic and Uighur, and the only area that Khufu can control is the area around the imperial court. Most of the western costumes of the jungle country headed by Anxi belong to big food and Tubo. After the Anshi Rebellion, the two protectorates persisted for 30 years, and in the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790), Tubo was trapped in the Northern Court. Soon after, Anxi was also attacked by Tubo, and the two protectorates were abolished. Annan ⑥ Annan Dufu belongs to Lingnan Road. In the first year of Tiaolu (679), the Governor's Office of Jiaozhou was changed to the Governor's Office of Annan, which was one of the five Lingnan tubes. Governance in Song Ping (now Hanoi). Its jurisdiction extends to Nanpanjiang in Yunnan in the north, Hejing and Guangping in Vietnam in the south, Napo and Jingxi in Guangxi in the east, parts of Longzhou, Ningming and Fangcheng in Guangxi, and between Honghe and Heishui in Vietnam in the west. Both guards are concurrently appointed by JIAOZHOU secretariat. In the second year of Zhide, it was renamed Zhennan Duhu, and in the third year of Dali (768), it was renamed Annan Duhu. Since Tianbao, Nanzhao has been strong, and the area south of Nanpanjiang in Yunnan has gradually become a whole. The boundary between Kaesong and Dazhong is roughly the boundary between Yunnan Province and Annan today. In December of the first year of Xian Tong (860), Khufu, the capital, was captured by Nanzhao and has not been recovered. In February of four years, I lost it again. In June, Duhufu was abandoned and Hangjiaozhou was established in Haimen Town (now the northwest of Haiphong, Vietnam). In July, a capital protection office was set up in Hangjiaozhou. Seven years after the restoration of Annan's old system, the Duhu government moved, formed a quiet navy within the Duhu government, and rebuilt Annan City. The Duhu government was led by our ambassador. The Tang dynasty will not be abolished. At the beginning of the founding of Duhufu in the Song Dynasty, the northwest was still on the border of Qi in the Five Dynasties, and the west only reached the four countries of Qin, Wei, Cheng and Wu. At this time, most of Longyou was still occupied by Tibetan ministries that were not unified with each other. During the Ningnian period, with the support of Prime Minister Wang Anshi, the Song Dynasty successively recovered the Party, Dui, Taohe, Fujian, Hehe and Lin (Xi), which was called Xihe in history and was in charge. In July of the fifth year of Xining (1072), Song Jun attacked the Menlo Cape and the Maier Shuiba tribe, captured Vu Thang (now Lintao, Gansu), abandoned the city by night, and the leader Qu Sa and the four kings Ake surrendered. 10, the Song Dynasty established Tao Jun in Vu Thang and changed it to Xizhou. In February of the sixth year of Xining (1073), he attacked Hezhou and was ruled by Mu Zheng, the leader of Tubo. Mu Zheng fled and soon assembled his ministries and returned to Hezhou. In August, Wang Shao divided his forces, surrounded Hezhou and hit're. Even after winning, Mu Zheng was defeated, and the defenders attacked the city. The Song Dynasty regained Hezhou again. In September, Wang Shao invaded Ma Lianchuan, dismissed his brother Wu Zhi, and led the army to conquer Dangzhou. Later, Taohe Road and Xizhou Road were connected, so the defenders Mu, Diezhou Shoujiang Qin and Shoujiang Si all surrendered to Wang Shao. At this point, the Song Dynasty was able to produce a good horse. After the Song Dynasty pacified the remnants of Tubo in the southeast of Longyou, it began to March into Hehuang (now Qinghai Lake), its core area. In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), in February, the leader of the Tibetan tribe in Xizhimeng (now Yuzhong, Gansu Province) took possession of Huama, and because of disagreement with the Song Dynasty, he ceded Xizhimeng and Lanzhou to Xixia. In June of the fourth year of Yuanfeng (108 1), there was civil strife in Xixia, and the Song Dynasty took the opportunity to attack Xixia on a large scale. At the same time, Dong Zhan, the leader of Batshiluo, was invited to send troops together, and then 320,000 troops including Wang Zhongzheng, Gao Zunyu, Liu Changzuo and Zhong were mobilized. In August, Li Xiansuo led the 7th Army and 30,000 Tubo soldiers into the West New Town, defeated 20,000 Xixia cavalry, cut 2,000 troops and captured 500 horses. In September, conquer Xixia Lanzhou; When the other four roads retreated, they lost about 6.5438+0.6 million people, only about 6.5438+0.4 million people were frozen to death. In October of the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), Dong Zhan died and his adopted son Ali Gu succeeded to the throne. Because he is not a family, he is always dissatisfied with the tribe. In the second year of Yuan You (1087), Ali Valley and Xixia jointly attacked the Song Dynasty, and the three states of Tibet, Henan, Henan and Fujian belonged to Xixia. In April, Ali attacked Zhou Tao and joined forces with Xixia to surround Nanchuan Village, burning and looting it. He also defeated the Song army in Xishi City and killed the governor Wu Meng. In August, 654.38+ ten thousand troops besieged Hezhou, and Ghost Zhang led 20 people to stay at Changjiashan. Soon, he withdrew because Ghost Chapter was captured. Born three years less (1096), Ali died and his son was blindly recruited to succeed him. Then the Giosilo regime fell into infighting and its power gradually declined. In the second year of Fu Yuan (1099), in July, when Hehuang was in chaos, the Song Dynasty sent Wang Shan to cross the Yellow River from Hezhou to attack Tachuan City (now Ledu, Qinghai), and in August, he entered Zongge City (now Ping 'an, Qinghai). The blind levy led to the surrender of Zongge City, and the clan established the Dragon Pony as the Lord of the Qing Dynasty. In September, he marched into Tang Cheng (now Xining, Qinghai) in Qing Dynasty, and Long Ju went out with the clan leaders such as Princess Liao, Xixia and Uighur. Straight, yellow and broad land entered the Song Dynasty, and Yun Chuan was changed to Huangzhou. Soon, the Tubo rebellion forced the Song Dynasty to abandon Hehuang. Chongning for three years (1 104), the lost land was recovered again, and Longyou was the capital of the government. Later, the Jin people went south to eliminate the Silo regime, ended the decline of Tubo and Uighur since Huichang, and returned to the rebel army. The separatist forces established by Uighur and Tubo remnants in Longyou States returned to the central government. In the seventh year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 125), nomadic people made a massive expedition to the south, and the mountains and rivers in the Northern Song Dynasty were too dangerous to look to the west. Shaanxi government ordered Qian Gai to look for Luo lineage and seal it, taking the map as a precaution. It is Long Mao's younger brothers who are beneficial to Mafang. "Convinced by China people", he was ordered to "handle Huang Zhi affairs" and named Zhao Huai 'en, the last official of Hehuang in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the first year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 13 1), nomadic people occupied Hehuang. In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1 134), Zhao Huai 'en abandoned tribal farmland and took his youngest son to Langzhou (now Langzhong, Sichuan) to join the Southern Song Dynasty. In the 23rd year of Shaoxing (1 153), Zhao Huai 'en changed from Xizhou secretariat to Dingzhou secretariat and served as the military attache of the viceroy. He never went back to Hehuang until he died. The rule of the Qing Tang regime established by Mao in Hehuang has ended for more than a hundred years, and so has the Doudufu in Longyou. In the Song Dynasty, Longyou Duhu House was located in other Korean dynasties (five in Yongbyon and Jiangling, and forty in Jingcheng and Funing). This is to prevent Japanese and jurchen.